(H) for MUCOM 48

عيد مُبارك ، اعاده اللهُ عَلينا وعَليكُم بالخَيرِ واليُمنِ والبَركه اسعَدَ اللهُ ايامَكُم و كلَ عامٍ وأنتُم بألفِ خير .

عيد مُبارك ، اعاده اللهُ عَلينا وعَليكُم بالخَيرِ واليُمنِ والبَركه اسعَدَ اللهُ ايامَكُم و كلَ عامٍ وأنتُم بألفِ خير .

Crainal nerve 1-Olfactory: Anosmia = Absence of the sense of smell Commonest cause of it is nasal obstruction, head injury with damage to the olfactory nerve.  Hyposmia = Diminished olfactory sensitivity —uses common substance —close eye —avoid irrational substance like NH4 2-occulmotor -trochlear -abducent (so4-LR6-remain 3) Ptosis = Drooping of the upper eyelid seen with oculomotor nerve lesion as it supply the levator palpebrae superioris. Squint (strabismus) = seen in lesion of any one of these nerves Anisocoria = inequality of the pupillary size. Diplopia = double vision. 3-trigeminal: Corneal reflex: sensory trigeminal Motor facial Jew jerk reflex:motor and sensory from trigeminal Bilateral innervated of muscle Unilateral loss of sensory modalities in certain area usually indicating lesion to that nerve supplying this area accordingly. Patient with unilateral lesion in motor function usually cause the jaw to deviate to the weak side when the moth is opened. 4-facial nerve : parasympathetic to salivary Facial expressions Taste anterior two third of mouth Upper contra lateral Lower unilateral innervated Lower all side defects Upper motor just lower defect Taste sensation: Gently hold the protruded tongue, place taste substance (sweet, salt, bitter, and sour substance) on the anterior 2/3 of each side of the tongue, ask the patient to identify the substance. 5-glossopharyngeal sensation and vagus motor Gag reflex :by tongue blade ^ bilateral pharyngeal muscle contraction Said AH Glossopharyneal same nerve innervated right and left Vagus have nerve to right and nerve to left Unilateral vagus nerve paralysis may cause difficulty in initiating the swallowing of solids and liquids and hoarseness. A lesion of the glossopharyngeal nerve may cause the patient no definite symptoms, but difficulty in swallowing dry foods may have been noticed 6-spinal accessory:innervated trapezius and sternocleidomastoid 7_hypoglossus: innervated muscle of tongue Infection lead dysthera Upper motor neuron have bilateral so lesion in unilateral no defect Lower motor neuron have unilateral so lesion cause deviation to side effect 8_vestibulocochlear nerve ; Rinne test : Normal heared in air after bone conduction Condution defeans: no hear in air Nerve deafens: heard vibrations Weber test : Normal : hear equals in two ear Conduction deafens : louder in abnormal ear Nerve. deafens:louder in normal ear Conduction deafness Impaired sound transmission in the external ear to middle ear Nerve Deafness The lesion in the nerve or CNS or the inner ear Vestibular function  The oculocephalic reflex or dolls eye movement  The caloric test

هذا يجي منه شي 99%

هاي مختبر الفسلجة دكتورة صبا اليوم اشرت الملزمة كلها وشون نقره للفاينل العملي

* هذني الملخصات مال فسلجه عملي سويتهن الي وجبت خوش درجه علرغم اسئلتنا جانت صعبه بس اني ما مسؤول اذا اكو خطأ او نقص🤝 بقه ال crainal nerve *

Examination of cranial nerve☝️ CN 1 CN 3,4,6 CN 5 CN 7 CN 9,10 CN 11 CN 12