Construction Solution- @Consite Media[የግንባታ ሥራ ተቋራጮች]🏗

ዲዛይን ቢድ ቢዩልድ(Design bid build)(DBB) VS ዲዛይን ቢዩልድ(Design build)(DB)                

💫1. ዲዛይን ቢድ ቢዩልድ(Design bid build)(DBB) ✨በኮንስትራክሽን ጉዳይ በአብዛኛው በሀገራችን የሚሰራበት የፕሮጀክት አይነት ዲዛይኑን አሰሪው በራሱ መንገድ እንዲዘጋጅ ካደረገ በኃላ ግንባታውን በተቋራጭ እንዲከናወን የሚያደርግበት ነው። ይሄውም ዲዛይን ቢድ ቢዩልድ(Design bid build)(DBB) በመባል ይታወቃል፡፡ በዚህ የፕሮጀክት አይነት የታቀደውን ግንባታ ዲዛይኑን አሰሪው በራሱ አርክቴክት ወይም በሌላ ሶስተኛ ወገን/ በሌላ አርክቴክት ድርጅት/ እንዲከናወን ያደርጋል፡፡ በመቀጠልም በተዘጋጀው ዲዛይን መሰረት ግንባታውን የሚያከናውን ተቋራጭ ወደመምረጥ ሂደት ይገባል፡፡ የግንባታው ባለቤት የመንግስት መስሪያ ቤት የሆነ እንደሆነ ግንባታውን የሚያከናውን ተቋራጭ የመምረጡ ስራ የሚከናወነው በግዥ ህግ መሰረት ይሆናል፡፡ ይሄ አይነቱ ፕሮጀክት በሀገራችን የተለመደ ነው፡፡                💫2. ዲዛይን ቢዩልድ(Design build)(DB) 🌟በሌላ በኩል ደግሞ ተቋራጩ ዲዛይኑን እና ግንባታውን በራሱ የሚያከናውንበት የፕሮጀክት አይነትም አለ። ይሄውም ዲዛይን ቢዩልድ(Design build)(DB) ይባላል፡፡ በዚህ የፕሮጀክት አይነት ተቋራጩ የታቀደውን ግንባታ ዲዛይኑን በራሱ አርክቴክት ወይም በሌላ የአርክቴክት ድርጅት አማካይነት ያከናውናል፡፡ የአርክቴክት ስራው የሚያስከትለው ሀላፊነት የተቋራጩ ይሆናል፡፡ ከዲዛይን ስራው ጋር የተያያዘ ችግር የሚያስከትለው ሀላፊነት አሰሪውን/የግንባታውን ባለቤት አይነካውም፡፡ ሆኖም ተቋራጩ ዲዛይኑን ያሰራው በሌላ የአርክቴክት ድርጅት አማካይነት የሆነ እንደሆነ ከአርክቴክቸር ስራው ጋር በተያያዘ ተቋራጩ ለአሰሪው የሚኖርበት ሀላፊነት እንደተጠበቀ ሆኖ አርክቴክቱም ለተቋራጩ በፍትሀብሄር ህጉ ስለእውቀት ስራ ውል በተደነገገው አግባብ ሀላፊነት ይኖርበታል ማለት ነው፡፡ በዚህ አይነት ፕሮጀክት የግንባታው ባለቤት/አሰሪው ሙሉ በሙሉ የኮንስትራክሽን ስጋቶችን/risks/ ወደ ተቋራጩ ያስተላልፋል፡፡ ይህ ማለት አሰሪው ውጤቱን ማለትም ግንባታውን በመጀመሪያ በቀረበለት ዲዛይን አግባብ በጥራት ተከናውኖለት ከመረከብና በውሉ የተቀመጠውን የግንባታ ዋጋ ከመክፈል ባለፈ ማናቸውም አይነት ሀላፊነት አይኖርበትም ማለት ነው፡፡ ለአብነት ለመጥቀስ ያህል የኢትዮጽያ መንገዶች ባለስልጣን(ERA) ዲዛይን ቢዩልድ የመንገድ ፕሮጀክት ሲኖረው ተወዳዳሪ ተቋራጮች የሰርቨየይንግና ዲዛይን ስራዎችን በራሳቸው ከሰሩ በኋላ በዋጋ ይወዳደራሉ፡፡ ተቋራጮቹ ዲዛይኑን ሲሰሩ አሮጌ ድልድዮች ካሉ እና ተጠግነው በአዲስ ድልድይ የጥራት ደረጃ መድረስ የሚችሉ ከሆነ ተቋራጮች እንደየፍላጐታቸውና ሙያዊ ምርመራቸው/ምክንያታቸው ተጠጋኝ ድልድይ እና በአዲስ የሚገነባ ድልድይ እያሉ በዝርዝር በዲዛይን አካተው የሚያቀርቡ ሲሆን ምንም ሆነ ምን በውጤት ደረጃ አሰሪው በሚፈልገው የጥራት ደረጃ/ስታንዳርድ መገንባቱ እና ይሄውም በአማካሪው መረጋገጡ ግን የግድ ነው፡፡ ምናልባት ተጠግኖ በሚፈለገው የጥራት ደረጃ ይደርሳል የተባለው አሮጌ ድልድይ በጥገና ወቅት ቢፈርስ እንኳ አሰሪውን ክፍያ የመጨመር ሀላፊነት አያስከትልበትም፡፡ ስለዚህ ዲዛይን ቢዩልድ ፕሮጀክት ለአሰሪዎች ሪስክ ፍሪ/ከስጋት ነጻ የሆነ የፕሮጀክት አይነት ነው፡፡             ⚡️ሌላው ሁለቱም የፕሮጀክት አይነቶች ለኮንስትራክሽን ውላቸው የሚጠቀሙት ጀኔራል ኮንዲሽን የተለያየ ነው።FIDIC በዚህ ረገድ የግንባታ ውል ዝግጅትን በማቅለል ለአለማችን ትልቅ ስጦታ ነው። አለበለዚያ አሰሪና ተቋራጭ በየአንዳንዱ ውል ዝግጅት ወቅት በሁሉም የውል ሁኔታወች ላይ መደራደርን ይጠይቃቸው ነበር።ዛሬ ላይ ግን ለውሉ ጥቅም ላይ የሚውለውን ጀኔራል ኮንዲሽን አስመልክቶ FIDIC ቨርሽን መረጣ እና በስፔሻል ኮንዲሽን ኦፍ ኮንትራክት በሚካተቱ ነጥቦች ላይ ብቻ መወያየት በቂ ነው። ✨በተጨማሪም በዲዛይን ቢዩልድ ፕሮጀክት የኮንስትራክሽን ስጋት/ሪስክ ሙሉ በሙሉ ወደ ተቋራጩ የሚተላለፍ በመሆኑ ልዩ የዋስትና ሽፋን ያስፈልገዋል፡፡ስለዚሁም ተቋራጩ በግንባታው ዋጋ ልክ All risk insurance እንዲገባ እና ለዲዛይን ስህተት፣ለስራው ብልሽትና በተቋራጩ ባለሙያወች የስራ ስህተት ለሚከሰት ጉዳትና ኪሳራ ደግሞ professional indemenity insurance እንዲገባ FIDIC ዲዛይን ቢዩልድ ፕሮጀክት ኮምፖቴብል የሆነው ተርንኪ ጀኔራል ኮንዲሽን ግዴታ ያስቀምጣል። ✨በሀገራችን ዲዛይን ቢዩልድ የኮንስትራክሽን ፕሮጀክት ብዙም የተለመደ አይደለም።ሆኖም በመንገድ ግንባታ ውሎች የኢትዮጵያ መንገዶች ባለስልጣን አልፎ አልፎ ይጠቀምበታል። በአጠቃላይ በሀገራችን በኮንሰትራክሽን ዲዛይኒንግ እና የውል አስተዳደር ረገድ ሰፊ የእውቀት ክፍተት ያለ በመሆኑ እና ፕሮጀክቶች በተያዘላቸው ጊዜና ገንዘብ የማይጠናቀቁበት ሁኔታ በሰፊው የሚስተዋል እንደመሆኑ ሙሉ የኮንስትራክሽን ሪስክ/ስጋት ወደ ተቋራጩ በማስተላለፍ  መንግስታዊ ግንባታዎችን በዲዛይን ቢዩልድ የፕሮጀክት አይነት እንዲከናወኑ ማድረግ የተሻለ አማራጭ ሊሆን እንደሚችል ለመጠቆም እንወዳለን

41. A cantilever beam is fixed at one end and free at the other. 42. Fixed-end moments are moments developed at fixed supports. 43. Bending stress in a beam is calculated using the formula σ = My/I. 44. Torsion in beams is caused by twisting moments or torques. 45. A simply supported beam has supports at both ends. 46. The moment of inertia of a rectangular section is bd³/12. 47. Deflection in beams can be calculated using integration methods. 48. Reinforcement bars should be free of rust and other contaminants. 49. Development length is the length required to transfer stress to concrete. 50. Hooked bars are used to anchor reinforcement in concrete. . . .)ይቀጥላል!

Slab calculations Given:- Length of the slab = 6 meters Width of the slab = 4 meters Thickness of the slab = 0.15 meters (150mm) Step 1: Calculate the Area of the Slab? Area = Length × Width Area = 6m × 4m = 24 m² Step 2: Calculate the Volume of Concrete? Volume = Area × Thickness Volume = 24 m² × 0.15 m = 3.6 m³ Step 3: Estimate the Quantity of Materials? For 1 cubic meter of concrete: Cement = 7-8 bags (50 kg each) For 3.6 m³: Cement = 3.6 m³ × 7.5 bags = 27 bags Cement (total) = 27 bags Sand = 0.45 m³ per m³ of concrete For 3.6 m³: Sand = 3.6 m³ × 0.45 = 1.62 m³ Sand (total) = 1.62 m³ Aggregate = 0.75 m³ per m³ of concrete For 3.6 m³: Aggregate = 3.6 m³ × 0.75 = 2.7 m³ Aggregate (total) = 2.7 m³ Water = 0.4 times the weight of cement For 27 bags of cement (1 bag = 50 kg): Cement weight = 27 × 50 = 1350 kg Water = 1350 kg × 0.4 = 540 kg Water (total) = 540 kg Step 4: Reinforcement Steel ?? Approx. 80-120 kg of steel per cubic meter of concrete. For 3.6 m³ of concrete: Steel = 3.6 m³ × 100 kg = 360 kg Steel (total) = 360 kg ➡️Quick Summary: Cement: 27 bags Sand: 1.62 m³ Aggregate: 2.7 m³ Water: 540 kg Steel: 360 kg

How to check quality of cement at Site:-🏗

Cement is one of the most important materials used in construction. The strength of a structure depends upon several factors, cement quality is one of them. To achieve the desired strength of concrete and to increase the longevity of structure good quality cement should always be used. So it is important to check the quality of cement before using. In our previous article, we have already discussed the different types of cement and their uses in construction. Today we will discuss how to check the quality of cement at site. To check the quality of cement we need to pass some easy tests which are described below. 1. DATE OF PACKING: The strength of cement decreases with time. First of all, check the manufacturing date in the bag before using. Generally, cement should be used before 90 days from the manufacturing date. three months stored cement decreases its strength by 20-30 %, six months stored cement decreases its strength by 30-40% and 12 months stored cement decrease its strength by 40-50% 2. CEMENT COLOR: The cement should be uniform in color. Good quality cement should have gray color with greenish shade. 3. CHECK FOR LUMPS: No lumps should be present in the cement. Lumps are formed due to absorption of moisture from the climate. 4. RUBBING TEST: Cement should feel smooth while rubbing in between fingers. If it gives a rough feeling that means cement is mixed with sand. 5 TEMPERATURE TEST: Simply insert your hand into the cement bag, it should give cool feeling if its quality is good. Otherwise, you may feel warm because of hydration reaction. 6. FLOAT TEST: Take some amount of cement and throw it in water. The cement should float for sometimes before it sinks in the water. 7. SETTING TEST: Make a thick cement paste with water and immerse it in water for 24 hours. It should be set and should not develop cracks. 8. STRENGTH TEST: Prepare a cement block of 25 mm x 25 mm and 200 mm in length. Now submerge it in water for 7 days. Now place it on supports 15 cm apart and load it with 34 kg weight. Block made from good cement will not show any signs of failure.

Retaining wall. It resist the external soil pressure and remind you that before we compact the soil around it. The Retaining wall must be covered with water proofing material in order to resist the external water.

INVITATION FOR -BID IFB No. ECWCT/NCB/PG/039/2017 1. The Ethiopian Construction Works Corporation (ECWC) hereby invites registered eligible bidders for Procurement of Supply of Sanitary (Bathroom) Materials.                                         2. Interested Potential Bidders are required to present renewed relevant Trade License for the Ethiopian fiscal year, VAT Registration Certificate, Tax Clearance Certificate and Online Supplier list Registration Certificate together with their offer. 3. Bidding document should be prepared in English language. 4. Interested Potential Bidders obtain a complete set of bidding document from the office of Procurement Department against payment of none refundable fee of Birr 400.00 upon presentation of Trade License renewed for the fiscal year. 5. This invitation of bid is open to all interested potential bidders regardless of their nationality and the bid evaluation and award shall be determined in accordance with the provision indicated in bidding document. 6.  The deadline for bid Submission shall be on November 28, 2024, at 4:30 Local time  7. Bid must be accompanied with a Bid Security of an amount of Birr 200,000.00 ETB (Two hundred thousand) in the form of certified cheque (CPO) or Bank guarantee. Bid Bond in the form of insurance bond or in any other form shall not be accepted. 8. Bids must be delivered or deposited in the Tender Box situated at the office of the Procurement Department on November 28, 2024, at 5:00 Local time in Ethiopian Construction Works Corporation Procurement Department conference room, in the presence of bidders and/or their representatives who choose to attend. 9. The Ethiopian Construction Works Corporation reserves its rights to reject any or all bids. 10. Bidders may get further information at the following address: Ethiopian Construction Works Corporation Address: - Gurd shola behind Athletics Federation Building In front of Andinet International school Telephone No.01 18 55 30 81                                        Procurement Dep.2, Team-1                              

INVITATION FOR -BID IFB No. ECWCT/NCB/PW/040/2017 1. The Ethiopian Construction Works Corporation (ECWC) hereby invites registered eligible bidders for Procurement of Supply & Fix, Test Commission Lift and Related Works.                                         2. Interested Potential Bidders are required to present renewed relevant Trade License for the Ethiopian fiscal year, VAT Registration Certificate, Tax Clearance Certificate and Online Supplier list Registration Certificate together with their offer. 3. Bidding document should be prepared in English language. 4. Interested Potential Bidders obtain a complete set of bidding document from the office of Procurement Department against payment of none refundable fee of Birr 400.00 upon presentation of Trade License renewed for the fiscal year. 5. This invitation of bid is open to all interested potential bidders regardless of their nationality and the bid evaluation and award shall be determined in accordance with the provision indicated in bidding document. 6.  The deadline for bid Submission shall be on November 29, 2024, at 4:30 Local time  7. Bid must be accompanied with a Bid Security of an amount of Birr 200,000.00 ETB (Two hundred thousand) in the form of certified cheque (CPO) or Bank guarantee. Bid Bond in the form of insurance bond or in any other form shall not be accepted. 8. Bids must be delivered or deposited in the Tender Box situated at the office of the Procurement Department on November 29, 2024, at 5:00 Local time in Ethiopian Construction Works Corporation Procurement Department conference room, in the presence of bidders and/or their representatives who choose to attend. 9. The Ethiopian Construction Works Corporation reserves its rights to reject any or all bids. 10. Bidders may get further information at the following address: Ethiopian Construction Works Corporation Address: - Gurd shola behind Athletics Federation Building In front of Andinet International school Telephone No.01 18 55 30 81                                           Procurement Dep.2, Team-1                            

EXNTENSION OF TIME IN CONSTRUCTION (EOT) What is extension of time in construction (EOT) ? An extension of time (EOT) in construction is a formal request from the contractor to the client for additional time to complete the project. This can be due to unforeseen circumstances such as bad weather, delays in receiving materials, or other unexpected events. An EOT can be granted by the client and will typically include an adjustment to the project's completion date, with no additional costs to the client. It's also used as a means of recording delays that are beyond the control of the contractor or the employer, and which may affect the completion date of the project. What are the procedure submitting EOT according to FIDIC red book 1999 ? 1.Notify the Engineer 2.Submit a written claim 3.Provide supporting documents 4.Allow the Engineer to investigate 5.Wait for the Engineer's decision 6.Appeal the decision It's important to note that the contractor must follow the specific procedures outlined in the contract for submitting an EOT claim, including the time frame for submitting the claim and providing supporting documentation. It's also important for the contractor How a request for an Extension of time to be assessed ? - The event should be one for which an EOT is permitted under the contract. - Timely notice has been given by the contractor. - The event is likely to cause delay and the effective items of work are on critical path. - Contractor made all his efforts to mitigate the effects of delay. What is the benefit to contractor by getting EOT ? - The benefit to the contractor of EOT is only to relieve the contractor of liability for damages for delay (adjusting the completion data). What is the benefit to employer by approving EOT ? - The benefit to the employer is that it establishes a new contract completion date and prevent time for completion of the works becoming ‘at large’. What are the type of of extension of time in construction ? In construction, there are several types of extension of time (EOT) that can be requested by a contractor during following events : 1.Compensable delay. 2.Concurrent delay. 3.Non-compensable delay. 4.Force majeure delay. 5.Excusable delay. What are the causes of extension of time in fidic red book 1999 ? The FIDIC Red Book 1999 outlines several causes of extension of time (EOT) that can be claimed by a contractor. These include: 1.Delays caused by the client. 2.Delays caused by factors beyond the contractor's control. 3.Delays caused by the Engineer. 4.Delays caused by other contractors 5.Delays caused by force majeure

Extensions of time (EOT) - Basic info 🚧EOT in construction projects are often caused by a range of factors, many of which are outside the contractor's control. Here are some of the main causes:- 1. Unforeseen Site Conditions: Unexpected ground conditions, such as soil instability, contamination, or the discovery of underground utilities, can cause significant delays in construction. 2. Design Changes and Variations: Client-requested changes or modifications to the project’s design after work has started often require additional time for implementation, redesign, or approval. 3. Delays in Approvals and Permits: Construction often relies on timely permits and approvals from local authorities. Any delays in obtaining these can halt progress on certain parts of the project. 4. Weather Conditions: Severe or unseasonable weather, such as heavy rain, snow, or extreme heat, can make working conditions unsafe or impractical, leading to unavoidable delays. 5. Client Delays: Delayed decisions, late approvals, or changes in the client's requirements can slow down progress and necessitate time extensions. 6. Force Majeure Events: Natural disasters, pandemics, or other unforeseen, uncontrollable events (like floods or earthquakes) may require an extension of time under force majeure clauses in contracts. 7. Errors or Omissions in Design: Mistakes or gaps in the original design that are discovered during construction may require reworking, redesigning, or additional approvals, leading to delays. 11. Regulatory Changes: New laws or changes in construction regulations during the course of the project can require adjustments that push out timelines. 12. Late Payments Extensions of time are typically managed through a formal process in construction contracts, with the contractor needing to prove the cause of delay and justify the additional time required.