Civil Services Simplified: Decoding the Enigma of UPSC by Dr. CP. Kaushik

All the very best to u people.. Stay calm and composed.. U have invested a lot for this day.. Don't panic at all.. Stay hydrated. Don't eat outside food. Read each and every Q's and all the four options, sometimes vague options give u an answer without any idea about the topic.. Give ur best shot! God Bless u!!

CSAT Q's for Practice. Credit: Amit Garg Sir

31. Neutrinos & INO 32. Fast Radio Bursts 33. ENVISION Mission 34. QRSAM 35. Anti Satellite Ballistic Missile Defence of India: Prithvi & Ashwin 36. Shekatkar Committee 37. NETRA & Project NETRA 38. PULSARS/ Pulsating Stars 39. HOPE Mission 40. BELYO and Blockchain Technology 41. Bullsequana Supercomputer and India's Supercomputing Mission 42. Quantum Cumputing, Quantum Superemacy, Google and its Sycamore 43. SpiNNaker 44. Edge Computing & its advantages 45. 3GPP, TSDSI and 5G 46. DARK NET, DARK WEB and Narcotics Control Bureau 47. AI and RAISE 2020 48. RAMANUJAN Machine 49. Budapest Convention 50. RFID and FAstag: RFID and Indian Railways 51. Microdot technology 52. Captain Arjun Robot 53. White Space 54. Raman Effect, Raman Scattering & Raman Spectroscopy 55. ITER, Tokamak and Cryosat

**55 Most Important Topics for CSE Prelims 2021** 1. NIPAH Virus 2. KFDV and Japanese Encephalitis Virus 3. Biology of Coronavirus 4. PCR and ELISA 5. DNA Profiling, Fingerprinting & Mapping 6. Genome India project & INDIGEN Initiative 7. Atal Jai Anusandhan Biotech Mission- UNaTI 8. Active & Passive Immunity in Humans 9. Various types of Antibodies 10. Generations & Types of Vaccines 11. ENCODE/HGP 2.0 12. A1 and A2 Beta Casein Milk 13. UMMID Initiative 14. Neglected Tropical Diseases 15. Zolgensma Gene Therapy 16. mRNA Vaccine 17. Geotail and Chandrayan 18. Vyommitra & Gaganyan 19. Lagrangian Point and Aditya L-1 20. HySIS 21. Kulashekharapattinam: 2nd Launching Pad for India and Advantages 22. ARTEMIS Accord 23. CIBER 2 Mission 24. Stardust 1.0 25. ASAT/ Mission Shakti 26. Dragonfly Mission 27. Black Holes & Neutron Stars 28. OSIRIS-Rex 29. NISAR 30. RLV-TD (Hypersonic Flight Experiment)

Hello everyone. Gud mg..List of 50 important topics for S and T section will be uploaded by late tonight.

320 in Anthro.. Superb..

Rank 1 with Anthropology.

Hello Everyone. No more updates till your prelims exam now. Revise the entire stuff. I will try to provide u a list of 50 Most important topics from S and T section for upcoming Prelims 2021.. Don't keep on finding new resources now. Just revise the entire content. At least twice. Good luck..👍

7. Generations of Bio-Fuels:  First generation Bio fuels - They are produced directly from food crops (like corn, wheat, sugar, etc) by abstracting the oils for use in biodiesel or producing bioethanol through fermentation  Second Generation Biofuels - They are produced from non-food crops such as Forestry residues (wood, branches, foliage, roots), Agricultural residues (straw, food crop waste), Biowaste (municipal solid waste like kitchen and garden waste) etc. - Since they are a little more difficult to extract, advanced conversion technologies are needed in the process. Thus, second-generation bio-fuels are known as “advanced bio-fuels.” - Advantage over First generation Bio fuels – They overcome ‘fuel vs food’ debate and aim at being more cost competitive  Third Generation Biofuels - They are produced from specially engineered energy crops such as algae. - The algae are cultured to act as a low-cost, high-energy and entirely renewable feedstock. - Advantages *Algae is capable of producing 10 times more than its other feedstock counterparts, and with lower resource inputs. *Algae can also be grown using land and water unsuitable for food production, therefore reducing the strain on already depleted water sources. *Algae based biofuels can be manufactured into a wide range of fuels such as diesel, petrol and jet fuel.  Fourth Generation Biofuels - They are aimed at not only producing sustainable energy but also a way of capturing and storing co2 - Here at all stages of production, the carbon dioxide is captured which can be then geo-sequestered making them carbon negative rather than simply carbon neutral, as it ‘locks’ away more carbon than it produces.

6. ABOUT PUNCH MISSION: (NASA)  PUNCH will consist of a ‘constellation’ of 4 microsats that will orbit the Earth and directly study the Sun’s outer atmosphere, ie. Sun’s corona, and how it generates the solar winds and the coronal mass ejections (CME) – which are huge masses of plasma that get thrown out of the Sun’s atmosphere.  The Sun and the solar wind are one interconnected system, but these have until recently been studied using entirely different technologies and scientific approaches.  PUNCH will track and image the solar wind as it emerges from the solar corona, transitions to interplanetary space and streams through the solar system.  The mission is expected to be launched in 2022.

5. Earth BioGenome Project (EBP): • Objective – - It aims to sequence, catalogue & characterize the genomes of all of Earth’s eukaryotic biodiversity (organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed by membranes) over a period of 10 years. - This means, sequencing the genomes of the roughly 1.5 million known animal, plant, protozoan and fungal species on the Earth. • Significance - The initiative would produce a database of biological information that (1) provides a platform for scientific research, (2) supports environmental and conservation initiatives, and (3) provides benefits for human welfare. - It will help discover the remaining 80 to 90% of species that are currently hidden from science. - Physical samples would be stored frozen in liquid nitrogen in four or more facilities located in different parts of the world, and repositories of digitised information would be created. - The completed project will generate at least 1 billion gigabytes of data, which is to be shared online for free. • The potential benefits of EGP are compared to those from Human Genome Project, which has transformed research into human health and disease.

4. Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) under the ‘Make in India’ initiative have released diagnostic kits Bluetongue sandwich ELISA (sELISA) and the Japanese Encephalitis lgM ELISA for the control of Swine and Detection of Antigen. Bluetongue: • It is a non-contagious, viral disease affecting domestic and wild ruminants primarily sheep and including cattle, goats, buffalo, antelope, deer, elk and camels & is transmitted by insects. • It is a disease listed under the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code and it must be reported to the World Organisation for Animal Health. • It has significant distribution in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America and several islands in the tropics and subtropics, where culicoides (insects) species is present. • Without the insect vector, the disease cannot spread from animal to animal.

3. 90-90-90 Target: • Adopted by UNAIDS • An ambitious treatment target to help end the AIDS epidemic by 2030 • By 2020: - 90% of all people living with HIV will know their HIV status - 90% of all people with diagnosed HIV infection will receive sustained ART. - 90% of all people receiving antiretroviral therapy will have viral suppression.

2. An outbreak of monkey fever or Kyasanur forest disease (KFD) was reported recently in Karnataka. *KFD is a tick-borne viral disease caused by Kyasanur Forest disease virus (KFDV), a member of the virus family Flaviviridae (whose other members also causes Dengue, Zika and yellow fever). - KFDV was identified in 1957 when it was isolated from a sick monkey from the Kyasanur Forest in Karnataka. *Since then, between 400-500 humans cases per year have been reported. - Monkey fever is called so because it primarily affects black-faced langurs and red-faced bonnet monkeys and result in their death. *- Hard ticks are reservoir of KFD virus and once infected, remain so for life. - Rodents, shrews, and monkeys are common hosts for KFDV after being bitten by an infected tick. *Transmission to humans may occur after a tick bite or contact with an infected animal, most importantly a sick or recently dead monkey. - No person-to-person transmission has been reported.