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ABOUT UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITES

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🔘Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) ▪️ Some tribes are identified as PVTGs due to their higher vulnerability among tribal groups, previously classified as primitive tribal groups. ▪️Total Groups: 76 tribal groups designated as Special Backward Tribes by the Government of India. Odisha highest number of PVTGs Most Vulnerable Groups: ✔️ Shompen Sentinelese ✔️ Jarawas of Andaman and Nicobar ✔️ Bonda of Odisha ✔️ Chola Naikkan of Kerala ✔️ Abuj Madia of Chhattisgarh ✔️ Birhors of Jharkhand ✔️PVTGs have some basic characteristics - they are mostly homogenous, with a small population, relatively physically isolated, social institutes cast in a simple mould, absence of written language, relatively simple technology and a slower rate of change etc. ✔️ The Government of India follows the following criteria for identification of PVTGs: i. Pre-agricultural level of technology ii. Low level of literacy iii. Economic backwardness iv. A declining or stagnant population - Historical Context: ✔️Dhebar Commission (1973) introduced the category of Primitive Tribe, renamed to PVTG in 2006. ✔️Forest Rights Law grants habitat area rights to these tribes by the Central Government. ✔️In 2003, a committee chaired by Professor Virginia Xaxa advocated for PVTG habitat rights, based on the recommendation of the Student Task Force.

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🔘Koothandavar Festival In News Koothandavar festival at Koovagam in Tamil Nadu plays out a tale of marriage and widowhood, all in a day. About ▪️Koothandavar festival takes place in Koovagam of Tamil Nadu. ▪️It is the annual event, steeped in tradition, garners global attention for its unique celebration of the transgender identity. ▪️In a Tamil version of the Mahabharata, a character called Aravan offered himself as sacrifice for the Pandavas’ triumph in war. ▪️It is said he had a boon of marriage before his sacrifice but no woman wanted to marry him as it would mean widowhood. ▪️It is said Lord Krishna married Aravan after taking the form of Mohini. ▪️Lore has it that Lord Krishna grieved for Aravan as a widow. ▪️The focal point of the festival, Lord Aravan’s sacrificical ritual. ▪️On the 17th day of the ceremony, transwomen from far and wide congregate to wed Lord Aravan.

🔘Lanjia Saura Paintings The Paintings recently got GI tag, ▪️Lanjia Saura paintings, also known as ekons or iditals, are a unique style of wall mural art from Odisha. ▪️The art form belongs to the Lanjia Saura community, a PVTG largely residing in the Rayagada district.

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