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Question 1: Formal Letter to Parent Your Name Your Address City, State [Date] Dear Mom, I hope you're doing well. I'm writing to tell you about our new English teacher, Mrs. Adesina, who joined our class this term. She has already made learning so much better, and I wanted to share why I like her so much. First, Mrs. Adesina makes lessons very interesting. Instead of just reading from textbooks, she uses games, group discussions, and real-life examples to explain grammar and comprehension. Last week, she turned a boring poetry lesson into a fun competition where we acted out the poems. Even students who usually dislike English now participate actively. Second, she is extremely patient. When we don’t understand something, she explains it in different ways until everyone gets it. She never shouts or makes us feel embarrassed for asking questions. For instance, I struggled with direct and indirect speech, but she gave me extra exercises and simplified the rules until I mastered it. Third, she encourages creativity. She allows us to write stories and essays on topics we care about, rather than forcing strict formats. Last month, she praised my short story about our family trip to Lagos and even read it to the class! Finally, she balances kindness with discipline. While she’s friendly, she doesn’t tolerate laziness. Her fairness makes the whole class respect her. I’m learning so much and finally enjoying English. I thought you’d like to know how much her teaching has helped me. Your son, [Your Name] Question 2: Argumentative Essay (Against Teachers in Business) Chairperson, esteemed judges, and fellow students, Today, I stand firmly against the motion that teachers should actively involve themselves in business. While extra income is tempting, teaching is a full-time responsibility that demands undivided attention. Here’s why: 1. Compromised Teaching Quality: Preparing lessons, grading assignments, and mentoring students require hours of dedication. A teacher running a business might rush through lessons or reuse old notes, leaving students confused. For example, a math teacher who sells clothes after school might skip algebra tutorials to meet customers. 2. Conflict of Interest: Teachers in business could exploit their influence. Imagine a teacher pressuring students to buy their snacks or stationery. This creates unfair expectations and damages trust. 3. Professional Ethics: Education shapes futures. A distracted teacher risks producing half-baked graduates. Society invests in teachers to focus on students, not profits.

NECO BECE

He first reminded the council of past movements led by individuals who had gathered followers but had eventually failed, like Theudas and Judas the Galilean. Both of these leaders had been killed, and their movements dissolved when their followers scattered. Gamaliel reasoned that if this movement (the teachings of the apostles) was merely of human origin, it would also fail. However, if it was from God, they would not be able to stop it, and they might even find themselves opposing God. Gamaliel’s wise and calm suggestion led the Sanhedrin to release the apostles, though they were flogged and ordered not to preach in the name of Jesus. His intervention spared the apostles’ lives and allowed the church to continue growing, and his reasoning became an important lesson in discerning the will of God. (7b) (i) Evangelism and Sharing the Gospel: One of the primary ways Christians can promote church growth is through evangelism—actively sharing the message of Jesus Christ with others. Whether through personal conversations, outreach programs, or public preaching, spreading the good news invites more people to become followers of Christ and join the church community. (ii) Living Out the Faith and Being Examples: Christians promote church growth by living out their faith authentically. When believers demonstrate Christ-like love, humility, and integrity in their daily lives, they serve as a witness to the power of the gospel. This often leads others to inquire about their faith and join the church. (iii) Building Strong, Supportive Communities: A church that fosters a welcoming, supportive, and loving community naturally attracts new members. Christians can promote growth by serving each other, encouraging spiritual growth through Bible studies, prayer groups, and mentorship, and creating a nurturing environment for both new and existing believers. 📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖

(5b) (i) Victory Over Sin and Death: The resurrection of Jesus is a powerful testament to the defeat of sin and death. Through His resurrection, Christians believe that Jesus conquered death once and for all, offering them eternal life. This victory provides hope that death is not the end, but a passage to eternal life with God (1 Corinthians 15:54-57). The resurrection assures believers that they, too, will be raised to new life if they are in Christ. (ii) New Life in Christ: The resurrection also signifies the new life Christians receive through faith in Jesus. The Apostle Paul explains that just as Christ was raised from the dead, Christians are spiritually resurrected when they put their trust in Him, allowing them to live a transformed life, free from the power of sin (Romans 6:4). This new life empowers believers to live in the fullness of God’s grace and to walk in His they purpose for them, guided by the Holy Spirit. 📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖 CRS *NUMBER 6* (6a) This statement comes from Matthew 18:21-35, where Jesus tells the Parable of the Unforgiving Servant. The parable begins when Peter asks Jesus how often he should forgive someone who sins against him, suggesting “up to seven times?” Jesus replies that forgiveness should be limitless, “up to seventy times seven,” indicating an infinite willingness to forgive. Jesus then shares the story of a king who decides to settle accounts with his servants. One servant owes the king an enormous debt (10,000 talents, an amount that would be impossible to repay), and when he cannot pay, the king orders that he and his family be sold. The servant begs for mercy, saying he will repay the debt if given more time. The king, moved by compassion, forgives the entire debt and releases him. However, this same servant then encounters a fellow servant who owes him a much smaller amount (100 denarii). Instead of showing mercy, he demands repayment and has the man thrown into prison when he cannot pay. Other servants witness this and report it to the king. The king calls the unforgiving servant back and rebukes him, saying, “You wicked servant. I forgave you all that debt because you besought me; should you not also have had compassion on your fellow servant, just as I had pity on you?” The king then delivers the unforgiving servant to the jailers until his debt is paid. Jesus ends the parable by stating that God will similarly treat anyone who does not forgive others from their heart. The parable emphasizes that forgiveness is a key part of the Christian faith and that God’s forgiveness toward us should inspire us to forgive others. (6b) (i) Restoration of Relationships: Forgiveness is essential for healing broken relationships. By forgiving others, Christians reflect God’s love and grace, which helps rebuild trust and peace. It allows for reconciliation between individuals and communities, whether in family, church, or society. Forgiveness fosters unity and helps believers live out the command to love one another as God has loved them (John 13:34). (ii) Spiritual Freedom and Emotional Healing: Holding on to anger and resentment can spiritually and emotionally imprison a person. Forgiveness frees Christians from these burdens, offering peace and emotional healing. By releasing grudges, Christians experience greater peace of mind and can grow spiritually. Jesus teaches that forgiveness also opens the door to receiving God’s forgiveness (Matthew 6:14-15), creating a cycle of grace and freedom. 📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖 CRS *NUMBER 7* (7a) The account of Gamaliel’s intervention is found in Acts 5:33-40. After the apostles, Peter and John, were arrested for preaching about Jesus’ resurrection, the Jewish authorities were furious and wanted to kill them. However, Gamaliel, a respected member of the Sanhedrin and a teacher of the law, advised caution.

Amos’ message—and other parts of the book—show that leaders were unfair to the poor, accepted bribes, and twisted justice. Amaziah called Bethel “the king’s sanctuary,” showing he cared more about politics than God’s truth. This kind of leadership failed the people and led them further from God. In short, Amos’ encounter with Amaziah shows us three big problems that needed to be condemned: idol worship, rejecting God’s message, and corrupt leadership. These sins brought God’s judgment, and the people needed to turn away from them to get back on the right path with God. 📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖 CRS NUMBER 4 (4a) Matthew 17:17, where Jesus is speaking about the condition of people who are stubborn or unwilling to listen to God’s guidance. This particular incident occurred after Jesus’ transfiguration, when He came down from the mountain with Peter, James, and John. They encountered a crowd of people, including a father whose son was possessed by a demon that caused him to experience seizures and extreme suffering. The father had brought the boy to Jesus’ disciples, but they couldn’t heal him. So, in desperation, the father brought the child to Jesus, saying, “Lord, have mercy on my son, for he is an epileptic and suffers terribly. He often falls into the fire or into the water.” Jesus, frustrated by the lack of faith and understanding among the people, made the statement, “O faithless and perverse generation, how long shall I be with you? How long shall I bear with you?” He then healed the child, and the demon left the boy. This miracle was a demonstration of Jesus’ power and authority, showing that faith in Him and submission to God’s will are essential for healing and deliverance. (4b) (i) Peace and Assurance: Submitting to God’s will brings a sense of peace and contentment, knowing that God’s plan is ultimately for their good. As Christians trust God’s wisdom and timing, they experience a deep inner peace that surpasses understanding (Philippians 4:7). (ii) Spiritual Growth and Transformation: When Christians align themselves with God’s will, they open themselves up to spiritual growth. Submission allows for the work of the Holy Spirit to transform them, making them more Christ-like and helping them to live according to God’s perfect plan for their lives (Romans 12:2). (iii) Purpose and Fulfillment: Submitting to God’s will helps Christians find their true purpose in life. By following God’s guidance, they live in alignment with His intentions, which leads to a fulfilling and meaningful life. Jesus himself said, “For whoever does the will of my Father in heaven is my brother and sister and mother” (Matthew 12:50), emphasizing that fulfilling God’s will gives one a deep sense of belonging and purpose. 📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖 CRS *NUMBER 5* (5a) This event is described in Luke 24:13-35. After Jesus’ resurrection, two disciples were traveling to the village of Emmaus, about seven miles from Jerusalem. As they walked, they discussed the recent events of Jesus’ crucifixion and the reports of His resurrection. Jesus Himself approached them, but for some reason, they were kept from recognizing Him. He asked them what they were discussing, and they were surprised, as if a stranger should know nothing about the recent events. They told Him about the crucifixion of Jesus, whom they had hoped would be the redeemer of Israel. Jesus then began to explain to them, starting with Moses and all the Prophets, how the Scriptures pointed to the Messiah’s suffering and glory. As they approached the village, Jesus acted as though He was going to continue His journey, but the two disciples urged Him to stay with them, since it was getting late. When He broke bread with them, their eyes were suddenly opened, and they recognized Him. At that moment, Jesus disappeared from their sight. The disciples immediately returned to Jerusalem to share their encounter, and their hearts were filled with joy and wonder.

(iii) Community outreach: Engaging in programs that reach out to the community, offering education, support, and alternatives to immoral lifestyles. (iv) Youth empowerment: Organizing programs and activities that engage the youth and teach them discipline, responsibility, and godly living. (v) Public advocacy: Speaking out against societal vices such as corruption, sexual immorality, and substance abuse through media and public platforms. (vi) Disciplinary measures: Enforcing discipline within the church to correct and deter immoral behavior among members. 📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖 *WAEC CRS THEORY ANSWER* *NUMBER THREE* (3a) The story of Amos and Amaziah is found in Amos 7:10–17. It happened during the time of King Jeroboam II, when Israel was doing well economically but was deeply corrupt. People were worshiping idols, treating the poor unfairly, and turning away from God. So, God sent Amos, a prophet from the southern kingdom of Judah, to warn Israel about the judgment that was coming because of their sins. Amaziah was a priest at Bethel, one of Israel’s main places of worship—but sadly, it had become a center for idol worship, especially of a golden calf. When Amaziah heard Amos’ warnings about God’s judgment and Israel’s coming destruction, he got worried. Amos was boldly saying that Israel would fall and the people would be taken into exile. Amaziah saw Amos as a threat—not just to religion but to the whole nation’s peace and the king’s authority. So, Amaziah sent a message to King Jeroboam, accusing Amos of speaking against the king and causing trouble. Then, he went to Amos and told him to leave Israel and go back to Judah. He basically said, “Go home and preach there—we don’t want you prophesying here in Bethel, because this place belongs to the king.” But Amos didn’t back down. He told Amaziah that he wasn’t a prophet because he chose to be one. He said he was just a shepherd and someone who cared for sycamore trees—until God called him and told him to speak to Israel. His authority didn’t come from any religious group—it came straight from God. Then Amos gave Amaziah a strong warning from God: his wife would become a prostitute, his children would be killed, his land would be taken, and he himself would die in a foreign land. It was a heavy message showing how serious it is to reject God’s word and try to silence His messenger. In the end, Amos didn’t stop. Even with opposition from powerful people like Amaziah, he stayed faithful to his mission. This whole event shows the struggle between God’s true message and a religious system that had gone corrupt—and how God still speaks, even through ordinary people, to call His people back to Him. (3b) From the story of Amos and Amaziah in Amos 7:10–17, we can see that there were serious problems in Israel’s society at the time—things that went against God’s will and needed to be corrected. First, the people were deeply involved in idolatry. Bethel, where Amaziah was a priest, had become a place where a golden calf was worshiped instead of the true God. This idol was set up by King Jeroboam I so that people wouldn’t travel to Jerusalem to worship. But this was completely against God’s command to worship Him alone. Amos spoke strongly against this, and it was clear that God was angry about this false worship. Second, there was a serious problem with rejecting God’s truth. Amaziah tried to force Amos to stop preaching and leave the land. This shows how the people and leaders didn’t want to hear the truth from God. They wanted to protect their comfort, power, and religious system, even if it meant ignoring what God was saying. But silencing God’s messengers only made things worse, because it kept people from hearing the truth and repenting. Third, there was corruption among religious leaders. Amaziah wasn’t just any man—he was a priest. Yet, instead of serving God faithfully, he supported a system that pleased the king and served political interests.

*2025 WAEC FINALLY CRS SOLUTION* *INSTRUCTIONS ANSWER FOUR QUESTIONS IN ALL* *WAEC CRS ANSWERS* *NUMBER ONE* (1a) (i) Supplier of materials: King Hiram provided cedar and cypress trees from Lebanon, which were high-quality timber needed for the temple construction. (ii) Skilled workers: He sent skilled craftsmen, especially Huram-Abi, a man of great wisdom and technical skill, to assist in the intricate design and construction of the temple. (iii) Transportation assistance: Hiram arranged for the timber to be transported by sea in rafts to Joppa, from where it was carried to Jerusalem. (iv) Friendly alliance: He maintained a strong diplomatic relationship with Solomon, continuing the good ties he had with Solomon’s father, David. (v) Trade agreement: Hiram and Solomon entered a mutual trade agreement, with Solomon supplying foodstuffs such as wheat and oil in exchange for building materials and labor. (vi) Support and encouragement: His willingness to assist Solomon affirmed and encouraged the religious and national significance of the temple project. (1b) (PICK THREE ONLY) (i) Peaceful coexistence: Promotes mutual understanding and peaceful resolution of conflicts between nations. (ii) Trade opportunities: Enhances trade and economic cooperation, leading to access to foreign markets and goods. (iii) Security collaboration: Encourages military alliances and joint efforts in combating terrorism and other transnational crimes. (iv) Cultural exchange: Facilitates cultural interactions, education opportunities, and tourism between nations. (v) Economic aid: Increases the chances of receiving financial aid, technical support, and development grants. (vi) Political support: Helps in garnering international support on global platforms such as the United Nations. 📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖 *WAEC CRS ANSWERS* *NUMBER TWO* (2a) The contest on Mount Carmel took place during a time when Israel, under King Ahab and Queen Jezebel, had turned away from God to worship Baal. Elijah, a prophet of God, challenged the prophets of Baal to a contest to prove who the true God was. He invited the people of Israel to Mount Carmel and set the terms of the challenge: each side would prepare a bull for sacrifice without lighting the fire. The God who answered by fire would be acknowledged as the true God. The prophets of Baal went first. From morning until evening, they called upon Baal, shouting and dancing around their altar. They even slashed themselves with swords and spears until they bled, but there was no response. Elijah mocked them, suggesting that their god might be sleeping or busy. Despite their loud cries and desperate actions, Baal remained silent, showing his powerlessness. When it was Elijah's turn, he repaired the altar of the Lord, using twelve stones to represent the twelve tribes of Israel. He arranged the wood, cut the bull, and laid it on the altar. To make the miracle even more dramatic, he ordered that water be poured over the sacrifice three times, soaking the wood and filling the surrounding trench. Then Elijah prayed to God, asking Him to reveal Himself so the people would know He was the true God. Immediately, fire from heaven fell and consumed the offering, the wood, the stones, the dust, and even the water in the trench. The people fell on their faces and cried, "The Lord, He is God!" This dramatic display of power silenced the prophets of Baal and confirmed God's supremacy. Elijah then ordered the arrest and execution of the false prophets, demonstrating that God's authority and holiness could not be mocked or challenged. (2b) (PICK THREE ONLY) (i) Preaching sound doctrine: The church should consistently teach biblical principles and moral values to guide the behavior of its members. (ii) Counseling and guidance: Providing spiritual counseling and mentoring to individuals struggling with immoral habits or influences.

3.Development of Extensive Written Literature: The 18th century witnessed a boom in written scholarly works. Scholars produced thousands of manuscripts covering diverse fields: theology, law, ethics, Sufism, history, poetry, and even scientific treatises, written in Arabic and increasingly in Ajami. This created a rich intellectual heritage. 4.Emergence of Influential Scholar-Reformers: The intellectual climate of the 18th century produced powerful scholar-reformers, like the early Uthman dan Fodio, who used their extensive Islamic knowledge to critique existing social and religious practices, call for adherence to pure Islamic tenets, and advocate for political and social reform. This intellectual awakening directly preceded the 19th-century jihads. 5.Integration into the Wider Islamic Intellectual World: Through scholarship, pilgrimage (Hajj), and trade routes, West African scholars were connected to the broader Islamic intellectual networks of North Africa, the Middle East, and beyond. This allowed for the exchange of ideas, texts, and scholarly traditions, enriching West African intellectual life. 6.Development of Islamic Legal Systems (Sharia): Islamic scholarship in the 18th century deeply impacted the legal frameworks of West African societies. Scholars meticulously studied and applied Maliki Fiqh (a school of Islamic law), leading to more formalized judicial systems, the establishment of qadis (judges), and the codification of laws based on the Quran and Sunnah. 7.Ethical and Moral Education: Islamic intellectual activity was not just academic; it had a strong moral and ethical dimension. Sufi orders and individual scholars engaged in teaching ethical conduct, piety, and spiritual development, aiming to purify individuals and society according to Islamic values. This influenced personal behavior, community norms, and governance.

(v) It promotes reliance on Allah rather than solely on personal effort. (vi) It reduces anxiety over the future by affirming divine control. (vii) It strengthens acceptance of life’s events without resentment. (viii) It nurtures humility, knowing that humans do not control outcomes. *NUMBER 4* *IRS* Marriage in Islam (Nikah): Marriage in Islam is a sacred legal contract between a man and a woman, based on mutual consent. It's a foundational institution for procreation, emotional well-being, and social stability, requiring the presence of witnesses and the provision of a dowry (mahr) by the husband to the wife. It is viewed as a highly encouraged religious duty. (4bi) 1.Financial support (Nafaqah): Providing for his wife's and family's basic needs, including food, shelter, and clothing. 2.Kindness and Respect: Treating his wife with love, respect, and fairness, avoiding any form of abuse. 3.Protection and Security: Ensuring his wife's physical and emotional safety and well-being. 4.Fulfilling Marital Desire: Fulfilling the sexual rights of his wife within the bounds of Islamic law. 5.Justice and Fairness: If he has multiple wives, treating them equitably. 6.Religious Guidance: Guiding his wife and family in the observance and practice of Islam. (4bii) 1.Obedience and Respect: Showing respect and obedience to her husband in matters that do not contradict Islamic teachings. 2.Maintaining the Home: Managing the household affairs and ensuring a comfortable and clean living environment. 3.Preserving His Honor and Property: Protecting her husband's reputation, secrets, and property in his absence. 4.Responding to His Marital Needs: Fulfilling her husband's sexual rights within the bounds of Islamic law. 5.Raising Children: Taking primary responsibility for the upbringing and moral education of their children, in cooperation with the husband. 6.Not Allowing Others into the Home Without Permission: Not allowing anyone the husband dislikes to enter their home when he is absent or without his permission. *NUMBER SIX* *IRS* (6a) 1.Uthman dan Fodio: Though his major intellectual and reformist activities culminated in the early 19th century with the Sokoto Caliphate, he was born in 1754 and was very active as a scholar, preacher, and teacher throughout the latter half of the 18th century. He was a foundational figure. 2.Abdullahi dan Fodio: Younger brother of Uthman dan Fodio, also a prolific scholar, jurist, and vizier of the Sokoto Caliphate. His intellectual contributions were significant in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. 3.Muhammad Bello (Sultan Bello): Son of Uthman dan Fodio, he too was a profound scholar and writer, though his caliphate began in the 19th century, his formative scholarly years and early contributions would have been in the late 18th century. 4.Al-Kanemi (Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi): A prominent scholar and political leader from the Kanem-Bornu Empire, contemporary to the early Sokoto Caliphate. He engaged in intellectual debates with Uthman dan Fodio and was a significant figure in 18th-century West African Islamic scholarship. (6b) . 1.Establishment and Growth of Islamic Education Systems: Islam introduced and solidified formal education beyond indigenous oral traditions. The 18th century saw the proliferation of Qur'anic schools, advanced madrassahs, and scholarly centers (like Timbuktu, Djenné, Kano, and eventually Sokoto), where subjects like Arabic, Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), Hadith, Tafsir (Qur'anic exegesis), logic, astronomy, and history were taught. 2.Promotion of Literacy and Arabic Script (Ajami): Islam brought the Arabic script, which became the lingua franca for scholarship, administration, and trade. Beyond classical Arabic, local languages began to be written in Arabic script (known as Ajami), leading to increased literacy rates and the development of local literature.

*🇳🇬🔥2025/26 GOVERNMENT WASSCE ISLAMIC RELIGION KNOWLEDGE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 🇳🇬🔥* Well arranged 1'2'3'4'5'6'7'8'9 *ISLAMIC RELIGION STUDIES* (1a) Jahiliyyah literally means ignorance. Technically, Jahiliyyah refers to the period of ignorance or the dark age in Arabia before the coming of Islam. It was a time when people had no divine guidance. They worshipped idols, practiced immorality, buried their female children alive, and lived in tribal conflicts and injustice. This period ended with the arrival of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and the revelation of the Qur’an, which brought light and guidance. (1b) (PICK FOUR ONLY) (i) Naa’ilah (ii) Hubal (iii) Al-‘Uzza (iv) Isaaf (v) Manat (vi) Al-Lat (1c) (i) Polytheism to Monotheism; Before Islam, Arabs worshipped many gods and idols. Islam introduced the belief in one God, Allah, ending idol worship. This shift united the Arabs under a single faith and emphasized worship of only Allah, bringing spiritual and social unity. (ii) Improvement in Women’s Status; Islam ended many harsh practices against women, such as burying female babies alive. It gave women rights to inherit property, receive dowries, and have a say in marriage. This improved their social and economic status significantly. (iii) Ending Social Corruption; Islam prohibited common corrupt practices like drinking alcohol, gambling, and adultery, which were widespread in Jahiliyyah society. This helped promote a healthier and more ethical community life. (iv) Establishing Justice (Al-‘Adl); Islam emphasized fairness and honesty, replacing cheating and oppression. It particularly protected vulnerable groups like orphans and the poor, ensuring their rights were respected in society. (v) Ending Tribalism and Promoting Equality; Before Islam, Arabs were divided into tribes with fierce loyalty, often leading to conflict. Islam taught that no tribe or race is superior to another, promoting unity and brotherhood among all people. (vi) Moral Reformation; Islam encouraged good morals such as truthfulness, kindness, humility, respect for parents, and fulfilling promises. This helped correct the moral decline and ignorance (Jahiliyyah) of the pre-Islamic period. *ISLAMIC RELIGION STUDIES* (2a) Bismillahi Rahmanir Rahim (i) Iza ja'a nasrullahi wal-fath (ii) Wa ra'ayta an-nasa yadkhuloona fi dini Allahi afwaja (iii) Fasabbih bihamdi Rabbika wastaghfirhu innahu kana tawwaba (2b) In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful (i) When Allah’s help and victory come, (ii) And you see people entering Allah’s religion (Islam) in crowds, (iii) So glorify the praises of your Lord, and seek His forgiveness. Certainly, He is ever ready to forgive. (2c) (i) The Surah teaches that Allah (SWT) promises to help His followers over their enemies. (ii) It also teaches that Allah (SWT) protects His religion and those who work for the propagation of Islam. (iii) It teaches that Allah (SWT) fulfills His promise to His servants, but often tests their faith first. Man should not expect immediate success, but should do his duty and have full confidence in Allah (SWT). (iv) It teaches that help and victory from Allah (SWT) come only after effort and struggle. (v) The Surah teaches us to seek forgiveness from Allah (SWT), for He is always ready to forgive. (vi) The Surah reminds Muslims to remain humble and spiritually alert, even at the peak of success and achievement. *IRS* (3a) Imān is the Islamic term for faith or belief, specifically the firm belief in the heart, affirmation by the tongue, and actions by the limbs in the core tenets of Islam. (3b) (i) Belief in Allah (ii) Belief in His Angels (iii) Belief in His Books (iv) Belief in His Messengers (v) Belief in the Last Day (vi) Belief in Divine Decree (Qadar), both good and bad (3c) (i) It teaches that everything happens by Allah’s will and knowledge. (ii) It builds trust in Allah’s plan, even during hardship. (iii) It encourages patience during trials and gratitude during ease. (iv) It reminds believers that success and failure are part of divine wisdom.

CRS *NUMBER 7* (7a) The account of Gamaliel’s intervention is found in Acts 5:33-40. After the apostles, Peter and John, were arrested for preaching about Jesus’ resurrection, the Jewish authorities were furious and wanted to kill them. However, Gamaliel, a respected member of the Sanhedrin and a teacher of the law, advised caution. He first reminded the council of past movements led by individuals who had gathered followers but had eventually failed, like Theudas and Judas the Galilean. Both of these leaders had been killed, and their movements dissolved when their followers scattered. Gamaliel reasoned that if this movement (the teachings of the apostles) was merely of human origin, it would also fail. However, if it was from God, they would not be able to stop it, and they might even find themselves opposing God. Gamaliel’s wise and calm suggestion led the Sanhedrin to release the apostles, though they were flogged and ordered not to preach in the name of Jesus. His intervention spared the apostles’ lives and allowed the church to continue growing, and his reasoning became an important lesson in discerning the will of God. (7b) (i) Evangelism and Sharing the Gospel: One of the primary ways Christians can promote church growth is through evangelism—actively sharing the message of Jesus Christ with others. Whether through personal conversations, outreach programs, or public preaching, spreading the good news invites more people to become followers of Christ and join the church community. (ii) Living Out the Faith and Being Examples: Christians promote church growth by living out their faith authentically. When believers demonstrate Christ-like love, humility, and integrity in their daily lives, they serve as a witness to the power of the gospel. This often leads others to inquire about their faith and join the church. (iii) Building Strong, Supportive Communities: A church that fosters a welcoming, supportive, and loving community naturally attracts new members. Christians can promote growth by serving each other, encouraging spiritual growth through Bible studies, prayer groups, and mentorship, and creating a nurturing environment for both new and existing believers.

IRS (6a) (i) Sheikh Usman Dan Fodio (ii) Sheikh Al-Maghili (iii) Sheikh Abdullahi Fodio (iv) Sheikh Muhammad Bello (6b) (i) Islam led to the establishment of Qur’anic and Islamic schools across West Africa. (ii) It promoted Arabic literacy, as Arabic became the language of education and scholarship. (iii) Islamic scholars wrote books on theology, law, grammar, history, and poetry. (iv) Islam encouraged intellectual debates and scholarly gatherings. (v) Islamic education improved record-keeping and administrative documentation. (vi) Muslim scholars traveled to and from other Islamic regions, spreading knowledge and ideas. (vii) Islam unified diverse West African communities under a common religious and intellectual framework

IRS (5a) Qāla Rasūlullāh (sallallāhu ‘alayhi wa sallam): Mā nahaytukum ‘anhu fajtanibūh, wa mā amartukum bihi fa’tū minhu mā istata‘tum; fa innamā ahlaka alladhīna min qablikum kathratu masā’ilihim wakhtilāfuhum ‘alā anbiyā’ihim. (5b) The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: “What I have forbidden you, avoid it; and what I have ordered you to do, do as much of it as you can. For those who came before you were destroyed only because of their excessive questioning and their disagreement with their prophets.” — Reported by al-Bukhari and Muslim. (5c) (i) Muslims must strictly avoid what the Prophet has prohibited. (ii) Commands from the Prophet should be followed to the best of one's ability. (iii) Excessive questioning in religious matters can lead to confusion and misguidance. (iv) Disagreement with religious authorities was a cause of destruction for past nations. (v) Obedience to the Prophet (SAW) is a key part of Islamic faith and practice.

CRS AND IRS DONE AND DUSTED IN VIP GROUP

CRS (8A) Peter exhorts Christians by reminding them of their special identity and responsibilities: Chosen People: They are selected by God, not by merit but by grace, to reflect His light in the world. Royal Priesthood: They have direct access to God and the responsibility to offer spiritual sacrifices. Holy Nation: They are set apart for God's purpose, called to live righteously. God’s Own People: They belong to God and are expected to reflect His character. Purpose: To declare the praises of Him who called them out of darkness into His marvelous light. Exhortation: Peter urges them to live as strangers and pilgrims in the world, abstaining from sinful desires and maintaining honorable conduct among non-believers, so that their good deeds may glorify God. (8B) Outline three ways by which Christians can avoid the temptations of sin. 1. Studying and Meditating on God’s Word: Regular engagement with Scripture strengthens believers and guides them away from sin (Psalm 119:11). 2. Praying for Strength and Guidance: Prayer keeps Christians connected to God and empowers them to resist temptation (Matthew 26:41). 3. Keeping Good Company: Associating with other believers encourages righteous living and reduces the influence of sinful behaviors (1 Corinthians 15:33).

(ii) Spiritual Freedom and Emotional Healing: Holding on to anger and resentment can spiritually and emotionally imprison a person. Forgiveness frees Christians from these burdens, offering peace and emotional healing. By releasing grudges, Christians experience greater peace of mind and can grow spiritually. Jesus teaches that forgiveness also opens the door to receiving God’s forgiveness (Matthew 6:14-15), creating a cycle of grace and freedom.

(2b) (PICK THREE ONLY) (i) Preaching sound doctrine: The church should consistently teach biblical principles and moral values to guide the behavior of its members. (ii) Counseling and guidance: Providing spiritual counseling and mentoring to individuals struggling with immoral habits or influences. (iii) Community outreach: Engaging in programs that reach out to the community, offering education, support, and alternatives to immoral lifestyles. (iv) Youth empowerment: Organizing programs and activities that engage the youth and teach them discipline, responsibility, and godly living. (v) Public advocacy: Speaking out against societal vices such as corruption, sexual immorality, and substance abuse through media and public platforms. (vi) Disciplinary measures: Enforcing discipline within the church to correct and deter immoral behavior among members. [5/21, 9:36 AM] null: IRS NUMBER THREE (3a) Imān is the Islamic term for faith or belief, specifically the firm belief in the heart, affirmation by the tongue, and actions by the limbs in the core tenets of Islam. (3b) (i) Belief in Allah (ii) Belief in His Angels (iii) Belief in His Books (iv) Belief in His Messengers (v) Belief in the Last Day (vi) Belief in Divine Decree (Qadar), both good and bad (3c) (i) It teaches that everything happens by Allah’s will and knowledge. (ii) It builds trust in Allah’s plan, even during hardship. (iii) It encourages patience during trials and gratitude during ease. (iv) It reminds believers that success and failure are part of divine wisdom. (v) It promotes reliance on Allah rather than solely on personal effort. (vi) It reduces anxiety over the future by affirming divine control. (vii) It strengthens acceptance of life’s events without resentment. (viii) It nurtures humility, knowing that humans do not control outcomes. [5/21, 9:38 AM] null: CRS *NUMBER 6* (6a) This statement comes from Matthew 18:21-35, where Jesus tells the Parable of the Unforgiving Servant. The parable begins when Peter asks Jesus how often he should forgive someone who sins against him, suggesting “up to seven times?” Jesus replies that forgiveness should be limitless, “up to seventy times seven,” indicating an infinite willingness to forgive. Jesus then shares the story of a king who decides to settle accounts with his servants. One servant owes the king an enormous debt (10,000 talents, an amount that would be impossible to repay), and when he cannot pay, the king orders that he and his family be sold. The servant begs for mercy, saying he will repay the debt if given more time. The king, moved by compassion, forgives the entire debt and releases him. However, this same servant then encounters a fellow servant who owes him a much smaller amount (100 denarii). Instead of showing mercy, he demands repayment and has the man thrown into prison when he cannot pay. Other servants witness this and report it to the king. The king calls the unforgiving servant back and rebukes him, saying, “You wicked servant. I forgave you all that debt because you besought me; should you not also have had compassion on your fellow servant, just as I had pity on you?” The king then delivers the unforgiving servant to the jailers until his debt is paid. Jesus ends the parable by stating that God will similarly treat anyone who does not forgive others from their heart. The parable emphasizes that forgiveness is a key part of the Christian faith and that God’s forgiveness toward us should inspire us to forgive others. (6b) (i) Restoration of Relationships: Forgiveness is essential for healing broken relationships. By forgiving others, Christians reflect God’s love and grace, which helps rebuild trust and peace. It allows for reconciliation between individuals and communities, whether in family, church, or society. Forgiveness fosters unity and helps believers live out the command to love one another as God has loved them (John 13:34).

Marriage in Islam (Nikah): Marriage in Islam is a sacred legal contract between a man and a woman, based on mutual consent. It's a foundational institution for procreation, emotional well-being, and social stability, requiring the presence of witnesses and the provision of a dowry (mahr) by the husband to the wife. It is viewed as a highly encouraged religious duty. (4bi) 1.Financial support (Nafaqah): Providing for his wife's and family's basic needs, including food, shelter, and clothing. 2.Kindness and Respect: Treating his wife with love, respect, and fairness, avoiding any form of abuse. 3.Protection and Security: Ensuring his wife's physical and emotional safety and well-being. 4.Fulfilling Marital Desire: Fulfilling the sexual rights of his wife within the bounds of Islamic law. 5.Justice and Fairness: If he has multiple wives, treating them equitably. 6.Religious Guidance: Guiding his wife and family in the observance and practice of Islam. (4bii) 1.Obedience and Respect: Showing respect and obedience to her husband in matters that do not contradict Islamic teachings. 2.Maintaining the Home: Managing the household affairs and ensuring a comfortable and clean living environment. 3.Preserving His Honor and Property: Protecting her husband's reputation, secrets, and property in his absence. 4.Responding to His Marital Needs: Fulfilling her husband's sexual rights within the bounds of Islamic law. 5.Raising Children: Taking primary responsibility for the upbringing and moral education of their children, in cooperation with the husband. 6.Not Allowing Others into the Home Without Permission: Not allowing anyone the husband dislikes to enter their home when he is absent or without his permission. [5/21, 9:33 AM] null: IRS (1a) Jahiliyyah means a "state of ignorance or "time of ignorance". Muslims use the term to refer to the period before Islam in Arabia when the people were worshipping idols and had no revelation to guide them in their belief and conduct. (1b) (i) Al - Lat (ii) Al-Uzza (iii) Manat (iv) Hubal [5/21, 9:35 AM] null: *WAEC CRS ANSWERS* *NUMBER TWO* (2a) The contest on Mount Carmel took place during a time when Israel, under King Ahab and Queen Jezebel, had turned away from God to worship Baal. Elijah, a prophet of God, challenged the prophets of Baal to a contest to prove who the true God was. He invited the people of Israel to Mount Carmel and set the terms of the challenge: each side would prepare a bull for sacrifice without lighting the fire. The God who answered by fire would be acknowledged as the true God. The prophets of Baal went first. From morning until evening, they called upon Baal, shouting and dancing around their altar. They even slashed themselves with swords and spears until they bled, but there was no response. Elijah mocked them, suggesting that their god might be sleeping or busy. Despite their loud cries and desperate actions, Baal remained silent, showing his powerlessness. When it was Elijah's turn, he repaired the altar of the Lord, using twelve stones to represent the twelve tribes of Israel. He arranged the wood, cut the bull, and laid it on the altar. To make the miracle even more dramatic, he ordered that water be poured over the sacrifice three times, soaking the wood and filling the surrounding trench. Then Elijah prayed to God, asking Him to reveal Himself so the people would know He was the true God. Immediately, fire from heaven fell and consumed the offering, the wood, the stones, the dust, and even the water in the trench. The people fell on their faces and cried, "The Lord, He is God!" This dramatic display of power silenced the prophets of Baal and confirmed God's supremacy. Elijah then ordered the arrest and execution of the false prophets, demonstrating that God's authority and holiness could not be mocked or challenged.