🎯 DocOpsy Point 🎯

4715. Explanation A) • The rounded keratinocytes with hyperchromatic nuclei and perinuclear halo (due to condensing of cytoplasm in periphery) are called acantholytic cells. • It is seen in case of pemphigus vulgaris • Acantholytic cells can be demonstrated in bed side by Tzanck test. Join us:- @DocOpsyPoint

4714. Explanation A) Diagnosis of Dermatitis Herpetiformis is confirmed by a simple blood test for IgA antibodies, and by a skin biopsy in which the pattern of IgA deposits in the dermo-epidermal junction, revealed by direct immunofluorescence.

4713. Explanation A) • MC ocular manifestation of vitamin A deficiency is xerophthalmia. This condition includes milder stages of night blindness and conjunctival xerosis (dryness) with bitot’s spot. Other Features of Vitamin A Deficiency: • Diarrhea, Dysentry, measles, malaria or respiratory. These condition can pose risk to life if associated with vitamin A deficiency. Features of Vitamin A toxicity: • Acute: Increased ICP leading to bulging fontanels, vertigo, diplopia, seizure and exfoliative dermatitis. • Chronic: dry skin, Chielosis, glossitis, alopecia, bone demineralization, hyperlipidemia, hypercalcemia, amenorrhea and features of pseudotumor cerebri with increased ICP and papilledema Join us:- @DocOpsyPoint

4712. Explanation A) • Xeropthalmia: all the ocular manifestation of Vitamin A deficiency. • First clinical sign of Vitamin A deficiency: Conjunctival Xerosis • First clinical symptom of vitamin A deficiency: Night blindness Join us:- @DocOpsyPoint

What is the single MOST common cause of an incorrect blood transfusion being administered? A. Laboratory error B. Error in blood donor centre C. Minor antigen reaction D. Clerical error by doctor E. Failure in pre-transfusion bedside checking

👉 I will start About hemostasis to understand disease Hemostasis is the physiological process by which a bleeding stops. Its final result is a thrombus To be normal you should have " 1- normal vessels 2- normal Platelet 3- normal coagulation If there is abnormal in three points 👉 bleeding will occur So any bleeding you must to differentiate between three points , I will give you example if patient has bleeding it maybe 1- Abnormal vessels as vasculitis 2- Abnormal Platelet as thrombocytopenia 3- abnormal in coagulation factors as hemophilia 👆🏻👆🏻 Very important points 🔻 Primary hemostasis by vascular " transient vasoconstriction and Platelet 👉What is meaning of primary hemostasis ? This mean if there is minor injury " primary hemostasis will formed thrombus 🤔What is clinical application for this information ? I will tell you that ,, if you see purpura and petechiae in any patient this mean minor injury So you should think about platelet and vascular as the cause 👉 So if any Doctor ask you enumrate causes of purpura 🤔 Your mind go to Platelet disorder and vascular disorders 👉Don't say coagulation disorder " it is big mistake" you will fail in exam

History A 48-year-old woman presents with intermenstrual bleeding for 2 months. Episodes of bleeding occur any time in the cycle. This is usually fresh red blood and much lighter than a normal period. It can last for 1–6 days. There is no associated pain. She has no hot flushes or night sweats. She is sexually active and has not noticed vaginal dryness.She has three children and has used the progesterone only pill for contraception for 5 years.Her last smear test was 2 years ago and all smears have been normal. She takes no medication and has no other relevant medical history. Examination The abdomen is unremarkable. Speculum examination shows a slightly atrophic-looking vagina and cervix but there are no apparent cervical lesions and there is no current bleeding. On bimanual examination the uterus is non-tender and of normal size, axial and mobile. There are no adnexal masses. Questions • What is the diagnosis and differential diagnosis? • How would you further investigate and manage this woman?

#important

@DocopsyPoint Don't wait for things to happen. Make them happen. #Motivation

Hello Docopsians , Today's DLQ Schedule:- 🕖5th December 2023 PHARMACOLOGY 😀Topic - CNS ▶️Time :- 10:00 PM {IST} ➡️Venue :- @DOCOPSIANS 💠Don't forget to Subscribe to the "Docopsy" Handle ⬇️ ⭐▶️🌐🌐🌐 https://linktr.ee/docopsypoint

Hello Docopsians , Today's DLQ Schedule:- 🕖5th December 2023 PHARMACOLOGY 😀Topic - CNS ▶️Time :- 10 PM ➡️Venue :- @DOCOPSIANS 💠Don't forget to Subscribe to the "Docopsy" Handle ⬇️ ⭐▶️🌐🌐🌐 https://linktr.ee/docopsypoint

4711. Explanation A) NORMAL AMNIOTIC FLUID VOLUME • Amniotic fluid volume increases as the age of gestation increases: ƒ 10 weeks: 30 mL ƒ 16 weeks: 200 mL ƒ 3rd trimester: 800 mL • Amniotic fluid is maximum at 28–36 week age of gestation (1000 mL). • This fluid is approximately 98-percent water. A full- term fetus contains roughly 2800 mL of water, and the placenta another 400 mL, such that the term uterus holds nearly 4 liters of water . • Fetal urine production begins between 8 and 11 weeks, but it does not become a major component of amniotic fluid until the second trimester. Join us:- @DocOpsyPoint

4710. Explanation A) There are four stages of labor • The first stage is from the onset of true labor to complete dilation of the cervix. • The second stage is from complete dilation of the cervix to the birth of the baby. • The third stage is from the birth of the baby to delivery of the placenta. • The fourth stage is from delivery of the placenta to stabilization of the patient’s condition, usually at about 6 hours postpartum. PROSTAGLANDINS • Prostaglandin F (PGF), PGF2α, and oxytocin are the biochemical agents primarily involved in the third stage of labor. • During the first and second stages of labor, only PGF2α and oxytocin are significantly raised in maternal plasma compared with pre-labor concentrations. • At 5 minutes after birth, maternal PGF and PGF2α concentrations peak at about twice the levels found at the commencement of the second stage. A rapid increase in prostaglandin concentrations is also found in umbilical cord venous blood, suggesting that this postpartum prostaglandin surge originates in the placenta. • After placental separation, the concentrations decrease but at rates slower than the metabolic clearance of prostaglandin, indicating that its production continues in the decidua and myometrium. • Plasma oxytocin also drops to prelabor levels within 30 minutes of delivery, unless sustained by exogenous infusion. Join us:- @DocOpsyPoint