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BIOLOGY https://t.me/BEASTEXAMS Question 3 3a(i) Photosynthesis: is the process by which simple ingoanic substances, water and carbon dioxide are combined in the presences of sunlight and chlorophyll to form complex organic food substances such as glucose where oxygen is given out as by product. 6CO2 + 6H2O >>>>C6H12O6 + 6O2 3a(ii) Experiment to show that light is necessary for Photosynthesis Apparatus/ materials : Fresh green leaf, black paper (carbon paper ) ,iodine solution Methodology 1. Fresh green leaf which is attached to parent plant is selected 2. Both surfaces of the leaf is (upper and lower part) are covered with strips of black paper. The tip and base of the leaf remain expose to sunlight 3. The experiment is set up for early in the morning before sun rises 4. Later in the afternoon, the leaf is plucked off the plant 5. The strips of black paper are removed and the leaf is immediately tested for such using the method used to test for starch Draw diagram of 2 leaves 🍃 OBSERVATION Only the exposed parts of the leaf turn blue-black with iodine solution. This portion that was covered with black paper remains colourless CONCLUSION The results show that no Photosynthesis or stack formation can occur in leaf if sunlight is absent though essential factors such as water, carbon dioxide and chlorophyll may be present. 3a(iii) The waste products of a plant are carbon dioxide, water vapour and oxygen. While carbon dioxide and water vapour are waste products of respiration, oxygen is a waste product of photosynthesis. These waste products are removed through stomata in leaves and lenticels in stems and are released into the air. Sirharrylinks 3b Constipation: condition in which there is difficulty in emptying the bowels, usually associated with hardened faeces. It's caused when a person fails to drink more water after eating , eating dry food like bread, lack of exercise , insufficient intake of roughage and fibre. It can be presented when one take in more water, do alot of exercise, avoid intake of dry food .

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1d Cleistogamy is a type of automatic self-pollination of certain plants that can propagate by using non-opening, self-pollinating flowers. ii. Homogamy :The condition in a flowering Plant species of having only one type of flower – one which produces both male and female parts in the same flower. iii Dichogamy: the production of male and female reproductive elements at different times by a hermaphroditic organism in order to ensure cross-fertilization @beastexams

Solutions To Costing Question 1 Ditto Ditto💯 https://t.me/BEASTEXAMS *Costing Accounting* Qu1 a) Overhead is the aggregate of indirect costs incurred. It is the sum of indirect material cost, indirect labor cost, and indirect expense. Overheads are categorized into i) Financial Overhead ii) Selling and Distribution Overheads iii) Factory/Production Overhead and iv) Selling and distribution overhead. b)The elements of cost are; Material Cost, Labour Cost, and Expenses. C) i) Material Cost - This is the cost of commodities except fixed assets introduced into products. It can also be defined as any physical substances that go into the production of goods and services. Examples of materials are; raw. materials, factory supplies, components, spare parts, etc. Material can be grouped into two: Direct and Indirect Material Costs. Direct Material Cost- They are materials that can be traced or identified with a cost center or cost unit.Example leader, timber, cloth, steel, and bricks. Indirect Material Cost-They is materials that cannot be traced or identified with a cost center or cost unit. They do not form part of the finished good. Examples are; pins, bolts, nuts, thread, sandpaper works, soap for washing, and rag for cleaning dust. ii) LABOUR COST- It is for the cost of remuneration (wages, salaries, commissions, bonuses, etc) of the employees of an activity. Thus, it is a payment made to workers for their services. It is divided into two namely direct labor and indirect labor cost. Direct Labour Cost- Tare that part of labor cost which can easily be traced or identified with a cost center or cost unit. That is, wages are paid directly to workers who are directly engaged in the work. Examples are; wages paid to machine operators, tailors, Mason, Carpenter, etc. Indirect Labor Cost- They are that part of labor cost which cannot easily be traced or identified with a cost center or cost unit. They are wages incurred that do not alter the construction, conformation, composition, or condition of the product. Examples are; wages for cleaners and repairers, security men, inspectors, clerks, etc. iii) EXPENSES - They are all costs except material and labor costs. Examples are; rent rates, insurance, royalty, depreciation, hire of special plants, etc. Expenses may be grouped into direct and indirect expenses. Direct Expenses - These are expenses that can be traced or identified with a cost center(department) or cost unit. They are those expenses that are specifically incurred in connection with a particular job or cost unit. Examples are; Hire of a special plant for a job, cost of drawings, design, and layouts, traveling expenses in securing a particular contract, etc. Indirect Expenses- These are expenses that cannot be easily traced or identified with a cost center or cost unit. Examples are rents and rates, insurance, repairs, lighting, power, advertising, etc.