VK IAS - (Science and technology)
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کانال VK IAS - (Science and technology) (@sciencehighlights) در بخش زبانی انگلیسی بازیگری فعال است. در حال حاضر جامعه شامل 22 611 مشترک است و جایگاه 8 617 را در دسته آموزش و رتبه 24 445 را در منطقه الهند دارد.
📊 شاخصهای مخاطب و پویایی
از زمان ایجاد در невідомо، پروژه رشد سریعی داشته و 22 611 مشترک جذب کرده است.
بر اساس آخرین دادهها در تاریخ 07 آوریل, 2025، کانال فعالیت پایداری دارد. در ۳۰ روز گذشته تغییر اعضا برابر -175 و در ۲۴ ساعت گذشته برابر 0 بوده و همچنان دسترسی گستردهای حفظ شده است.
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“Science and tech articles Repository of @hinduhighlights - for upsc cse mains and
@upschighlights- for upsc prelims exam
Admin : @vikas_kanukollu”
به لطف بهروزرسانیهای پرتکرار (آخرین داده در تاریخ 08 آوریل, 2025)، کانال همواره بهروز و دارای دسترسی بالاست. تحلیلها نشان میدهد مخاطبان بهطور فعال با محتوا تعامل دارند و آن را به نقطه اثرگذاری مهم در دسته آموزش تبدیل کردهاند.
22 611
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Repost from VK IAS- prelims (UPSC highlights)
#SnT #Defence
✅Astra Mk-1
🅾️The Astra Mk-1 is a beyond visual range (BVR), air-to-air missile (AAM)
🅾️Why important?- reducing the dependency on foreign sources.
🅾️Stand-off range means the missile is launched at a distance sufficient to allow the attacking side to evade defensive fire from the target.AAMs with BVR capability provides large stand-off ranges to own fighter aircraft.
🅾️Astra is technologically and economically superior to many such imported missile
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Repost from VK IAS- prelims (UPSC highlights)
#SnT
✅‘Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator (IAD)’
🅾️What?- IAD will help ISRO in performing many space tasks effectively including recovery of spent stages of rockets, for landing payloads on missions to other planetary bodies.
🅾️It is NOT SOME KIND OF A ROCKET- but a technique used for an atmospheric entry payload.
🅾️While entering the atmosphere, An inflatable envelope inflates like a balloon and decelerates the lander- It is designed to increase drag upon entering the atmosphere of any planetary body, like Earth, Mars, or even Moon.
🅾️The inflatable structure is made out of Kevlar fabric, which is a very strong synthetic fibre and also heat resistant to withstand atmospheric pressure and temperature changes.On top of it, it’s coated with polychloroprene, an oil and wax resistant rubber, to withstand extreme temperatures.
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Repost from VK IAS- prelims (UPSC highlights)
#SnT
✅Dark Sky Reserve - India's 1st
🅾️What?- A dark-sky reserve is a designation given to a place that has policies in place to ensure that a tract of land or region has minimal artificial light interference to promote astronomy.
🅾️Where?- Hanle in Ladakh- Located atop Mt. Saraswati in the Nilamkhul Plain in the Hanle Valley of Changthang
🅾️Why this place?- 4,500 metres above sea level, hosts telescopes and is regarded as one of the world’s most optimal sites for astronomical observations.The cloudless skies and low atmospheric water vapour make it one of the best sites in the world for optical, infrared, sub-millimetre, and millimetre wavelengths
🅾️Nodal agency?- by Department of Science & Technology (DST)
🅾️The International Dark Sky Association is a US-based non-profit that designates sites as international dark sky places
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Repost from VK IAS- prelims (UPSC highlights)
#SnT
✅Cervavac
🅾️What?- 1st Made in India-Vaccine for Cervical Cancer
🅾️Type of vaccine?- quadrivalent human papillomavirus (qHPV) vaccine for the prevention of cervical cancer
🅾️What is unique about HPV vaccines are given in two doses and data has shown that the antibodies that develop after both are administered can last up to six or seven years- booster shots may not be required for the cervical cancer vaccine.Cervavac is likely to be significantly cheaper, slated to cost approximately Rs 200 to 400.
🅾️Incidence of Cervical cancer : It is largely preventable- Yet cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women globally, according to the WHO.
🅾️In 2018, an estimated 57000 women were diagnosed with the disease and it accounted for 311,000 deaths across the world.
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Repost from VK IAS- prelims (UPSC highlights)
#SnT
✅Artemis 1 Mission
🅾️What?- NASA’s-next generation of lunar exploration, and is named after the twin sister of Apollo from Greek mythology-first of NASA’s deep space exploration systems.
🅾️It is an uncrewed space mission where the spacecraft will launch on SLS — the most powerful rocket in the world
⚠️Important point- The Orion spacecraft is going to remain in space without docking to a space station, longer than any ship for astronauts has ever done before.
🔰What are the Key objectives of the mission?
⚜️To land humans on the moon by 2024
⚜️NASA will establish an Artemis Base Camp on the surface and a gateway in the lunar orbit to aid exploration by robots and astronauts- This gate way is a critical component of NASA’s sustainable lunar operations - Other ountries' space agencies are also involved- Canada, JAXA, ESA
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Repost from VK IAS- prelims (UPSC highlights)
#SnT
✅Vertical Launch Short Range Surface-to-Air Missile (VL-SRSAM)
🅾️Developed by DRDO-for deployment of Indian Naval warships
🅾️The missile has the capability of neutralising various aerial threats at close ranges including sea-skimming targets.The tactic of sea skimming is used by various anti-ship missiles and some fighter jets to avoid being detected by the radars onboard warships-these assets fly as close as possible to sea surface and thus are difficult to detect and neutralise
⚠️Its design is based on Astra missile which is a Beyond Visual Range Air to Air missile.In the canister, the inside environment is controlled, thus making its transport and storage easier and improving the shelf life of weapons
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Repost from VK IAS- prelims (UPSC highlights)
+1#SnT #Agriculture
✅Drought Tolerant Crop
🅾️Context : Research showed that common weed named “Portulaca oleracea”, commonly known as purslane, offers important clues about creating drought-tolerant crops
🅾️Purslane possesses evolutionary adaptations that allow it to be both highly productive and drought tolerant.- a novel type of photosynthesis that enables the weed to withstand drought
🅾️Affected crops include: It competes for resources with many field crops, particularly herbaceous species that are germinating or growing in competition-asparagus, red beets, celery, crucifers, cotton, maize, onions, potatoes, rice, soyabeans, sugarcane, tomatoes and wheat.
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Repost from VK IAS- prelims (UPSC highlights)
#GovtScheme #Policy
✅National Automated Fingerprint Identification System (NAFIS)
🅾️What?- country-wide searchable database of crime- and criminal-related fingerprints.
🅾️By?- National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB)
🅾️The web-based application functions as a central information repository by consolidating fingerprint data from all states and Union Territories- Madhya Pradesh became the first state in the country to identify a deceased person through NAFIS.
🅾️A database in real time on a 24×7 basis-It would help in the quick and easy disposal of cases with the help of a centralised fingerprint database.
🅾️NAFIS assigns a unique 10-digit National Fingerprint Number (NFN) to each person arrested for a crime-different FIRs will be linked to the same NFN.
🅾️It will be included in the CCTNS
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Repost from VK IAS- prelims (UPSC highlights)
#SnT
✅ Microplastics in oceans- sources
🅾️What?- plastics less than five millimeters in diameter
🅾️ categories of microplastics: primary(tiny particles designed for commercial use-microbeads) and secondary(formed from the breakdown of larger plastics such as water bottles.).
🅾️Recently, Microplastics, were detected in human blood for the first time, according to a study by a group of researchers in the Netherlands.
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Repost from VK IAS- prelims (UPSC highlights)
#SnT
✅National IPR Awareness Mission- Read the above infographic- IPR policy
🅾️Context : National Intellectual Property Awareness Mission (NIPAM) has achieved target of imparting Intellectual Property (IP) awareness and basic training to 1 million students on 31st July 2022, ahead of the deadline which was 15 August 2022.
🅾️Aim : awareness on intellectual property and its rights to 1 million students.
🅾️Nodal agency : being implemented by the Intellectual Property Office, the Office of Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks (CGPDTM), Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
🅾️Intellectual property rights (IPR)-outlined in Article 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
🔶IPR- WIPO conventions
🔶National Digital Communications Policy (NDCP) 2018
🔶National Policy on Electronics 2019 (NPE 2019
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Repost from VK IAS- prelims (UPSC highlights)
#SnT
✅Butterfly Mines
🅾️Type of landmine used in Russia-ukraine war-by Russia.
🅾️Particularly attractive to children because it looks like a coloured toy-very sensitive to touch and just the act of picking it up can set it off.
🅾️Because of the relatively lesser explosive packed in this small mine, it often injures and maims the handler rather than killing them.
🅾️These mines are also difficult to detect because they are made of plastic and can evade metal detectors.
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Repost from VK IAS- prelims (UPSC highlights)
#SnT
✅Blood Disorders- Click here
🅾️Sickle-cell anaemia is a type of autosomal recessive genetic disorder, which is caused by the presence of a mutated form of haemoglobin, haemoglobin S (HbS).Normal and healthy red blood cells look like a round/oval/coin shaped
⚠️The RPWD Act 2016 has recognised persons with blood disorders (Thalassemia, Hemophilia and Sickle Cell Disease) as 'persons with disabilities' under the Act. Those with 40% and above disability will be given a Disability Certificate
🅾️CRISPR/Cas-9 : The mechanism- its applications- Click here
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Repost from VK IAS- prelims (UPSC highlights)
#SnT
✅Astrobee
🅾️Context : Astrobee is NASA’s new free-flying robotic system.
🅾️It has 3 free-flying robots are named Honey, Queen, and Bumble( names not imp- just understand the purpose).
🅾️ Robots propel themselves using electric fans that allow them to fly through the microgravity environment of the International Space Station.
🅾️Based on SPHERES (Synchronised Position Hold, Engage, Reorient, Experimental Satellite) robots which have been operating on the International Space Station for over a decade.
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Repost from VK IAS- prelims (UPSC highlights)
#SnT
✅Hellfire R9X Missile:
🅾️Context : US military used its ‘secret weapon’ — the Hellfire R9X missile (‘Ninja missile’)– to kill Al Qaeda chief Ayman al-Zawahiri on the balcony of a safe house in Kabul.
🅾️It is a US-origin missile known to cause minimum collateral damage while engaging individual targets.
🅾️Range : 500 metres to 11 km
🅾️Al-Zawahiri, an Egyptian surgeon who had a $25 million bounty on his head, had helped coordinate September 11, 2001, attacks that had killed nearly 3,000 people.
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Repost from VK IAS- prelims (UPSC highlights)
#SnT
✅AlphaFold
🅾️AlphaFold is an AI-based protein structure prediction tool.
🅾️It used processes based on “training, learning, retraining and relearning” to predict the structures of the entire 214 million unique protein sequences deposited in the Universal Protein Resource (UniProt) database.
🅾️Use case : Helpful in deciding how to use the structures to design better vaccines and drugs.
➡️DeepMind, a company owned by Google, announced this week that it had predicted the three-dimensional structures of more than 200 million proteins using AlphaFold.
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Repost from VK IAS- prelims (UPSC highlights)
#Economy #SnT
✅India’s Bioeconomy Report 2022
🅾️What?- Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC) released India’s Bioeconomy Report 2022.
🅾️Potential : India’s bioeconomy is likely to touch USD 150 billion by 2025 and over USD 300 billion by 2030. The country’s bioeconomy has reached over USD 80 billion in 2021, registering a 14.1 percent growth over USD 70.2 billion in 2020.
👆👆 To truly understand the infographic and this report- MUST READ THIS NEWS snippet- Importance of Nature based solutions-Bioprospecting- Click here
⚠️ Bioeconomy isn’t just seen as a way of replacing resources but rather as a solution to the problem via biotechnology innovation. In this way, by aligning industrial processes with nature’s cycles, it’s expected that efficiency increases and waste is eliminated
🔰Science and Tech news : https://t.me/sciencehighlights
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Repost from VK IAS- prelims (UPSC highlights)
+1#SnT
✅1st case of Polio reported in United States in a decade
➡️Context : Recently, the first case of Polio was reported in United States, nearly after a decade. An unvaccinated young adult from New York contracted polio and has developed paralysis. He developed symptoms around June 2022, even though he did not travel outside the country.
➡️Implication: he got contracted to vaccine-derived strain of the polio virus, perhaps from someone who received live vaccine.Polio usually spreads from person to person or via contaminated water. It infects the spinal cord of person, causing paralysis, permanent disability or death
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✅Gs-3 : Science and Technology- Genetic Engineering
🅾️To obtain more food for the world’s growing population, forests and grasslands would have to be converted to farms in order to produce food. This, in turn, would enormously strain our ecosystems.
🅾️ The Green Revolution of the 1960s brought about a marked improvement in the yield of agricultural crops such as rice and wheat. It was based on the use of newly developed high-yielding crop varieties in conjunction with the intense use of irrigation, chemical fertilizers and pesticides. India saw a three-fold increase in rice yield per hectare.
⚜️But the nitrogen fertilizers and agrochemicals pose environmental hazards; water is often in short supply; and agricultural soil is increasingly fatigued- CLick here
🅾️ Solution?- a second copy of a single gene (called OsDREB1C) is added to rice. What is the impact?- Read the highlights
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Repost from VK IAS by Vikas kanukollu (VK)
✅Gs-3 : Science and Technology/ IR- Private space Industry- Critical analysis
🅾️Space situational awareness (SSA)- What is outer space treaty? - A comprehensive article on outer space - click here
➡️THINGS TO KNOW :
⚜️1. IN-SPACE:
⚜️2. NewSpace India Limited (NSIL): Click here
⚜️3. Indian Space Association (ISpA): Indian Space industry's representative body to collectively tell the govt- their issues-
🅾️What is the scope of Geospatial data for growth in Indian economy?- CLick here
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