CUET Commerce Class 11 12
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☎️ Contact ☞ @CommerceClasses_bot Commerce Class 11th 12th Notes Subjects List ★ Economics ★ Business Studies ★ Accountancy ★ Math ★ English ★ Hindi ★ Physical Education
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| 2 |  Register for S-BAT: https://s-bat.ai/4gQTR7w
STRIDE School of Business is India’s first AI-native business school.
A 3-year BBA built for students who want more than classroom learning.
From Day 1, work on real business projects, learn using AI tools, build practical business skills, and graduate with real experience.
What you get:
• Free personal MacBook loaded with 15+ AI tools
• 25+ real projects to build your portfolio
• 10+ AI industry certifications from platforms like Google, IBM & HubSpot
• Startup funding support up to ₹1 Crore
• Scholarships up to 100%
🎁 Use coupon code [STRIDE500] and get ₹500 OFF on your S-BAT registration fee.
Admissions are through S-BAT (Stride Business & AI Test).
📅 Test Date: 26th July
⏳ Last Date to Apply: 25th July
💻 Mode: Online
Registrations close soon and seats are limited.
Prepare for S-BAT here: https://strideschool.ai/Stride-BAT-2026-Prep-Kit.pdf | 86 |
| 3 |  Register for S-BAT: https://s-bat.ai/4gQTR7w
STRIDE School of Business is India’s first AI-native business school.
A 3-year BBA built for students who want more than classroom learning.
From Day 1, work on real business projects, learn using AI tools, build practical business skills, and graduate with real experience.
What you get:
• Free personal MacBook loaded with 15+ AI tools
• 25+ real projects to build your portfolio
• 10+ AI industry certifications from platforms like Google, IBM & HubSpot
• Startup funding support up to ₹1 Crore
• Scholarships up to 100%
🎁 Use coupon code [STRIDE500] and get ₹500 OFF on your S-BAT registration fee.
Admissions are through S-BAT (Stride Business & AI Test).
📅 Test Date: 26th July
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Registrations close soon and seats are limited.
Prepare for S-BAT here: https://strideschool.ai/Stride-BAT-2026-Prep-Kit.pdf | 88 |
| 4 |  Register for S-BAT: https://s-bat.ai/4gQTR7w
STRIDE School of Business is India’s first AI-native business school.
A 3-year BBA built for students who want more than classroom learning.
From Day 1, work on real business projects, learn using AI tools, build practical business skills, and graduate with real experience.
What you get:
• Free personal MacBook loaded with 15+ AI tools
• 25+ real projects to build your portfolio
• 10+ AI industry certifications from platforms like Google, IBM & HubSpot
• Startup funding support up to ₹1 Crore
• Scholarships up to 100%
🎁 Use coupon code [STRIDE500] and get ₹500 OFF on your S-BAT registration fee.
Admissions are through S-BAT (Stride Business & AI Test).
📅 Test Date: 26th July
⏳ Last Date to Apply: 25th July
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Registrations close soon and seats are limited.
Prepare for S-BAT here: https://strideschool.ai/Stride-BAT-2026-Prep-Kit.pdf | 126 |
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| 6 | 🌐 Global Enterprises
Global enterprises are large business organisations that operate in more than one country. They are also called multinational corporations or MNCs.
🚥 Meaning of Global Enterprises
Global enterprises are huge industrial organisations that extend industrial and marketing operations through branches in several countries. They operate with large capital, advanced technology and global marketing networks.
🚥 Features of Global Enterprises
📍 Huge capital resources➖ They can raise funds through shares, debentures, bonds and banks
📍 Foreign collaboration➖ They work with domestic companies for technology, production or brand use
📍 Advanced technology➖ They use superior production methods
📍 Product innovation➖ They invest in research and development
📍 Marketing strategies➖ They use strong advertising and sales promotion
📍 Expansion of market territory➖ They operate through branches and subsidiaries
📍 Centralised control➖ Headquarters controls broad policy decisions
🚥 Examples of Global Enterprises
Examples include Coca-Cola, Nestle, Microsoft and Philips. These companies operate across countries but follow central policy control from their headquarters. | 373 |
| 7 |  بدون متن... | 326 |
| 8 |  بدون متن... | 316 |
| 9 |  National Income Formula | 301 |
| 10 |  Register for S-BAT: https://bit.ly/4nJ9f7d
STRIDE School of Business is India’s first AI-native business school.
A 3-year BBA built for students who want more than classroom learning.
From Day 1, work on real business projects, learn using AI tools, build practical business skills, and graduate with real experience.
What you get:
• Free personal MacBook loaded with 15+ AI tools
• 25+ real projects to build your portfolio
• 10+ AI industry certifications from platforms like Google, IBM & HubSpot
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Prepare for S-BAT here: https://strideschool.ai/Stride-BAT-2026-Prep-Kit.pdf | 125 |
| 11 |  Register for S-BAT: https://bit.ly/4nJ9f7d
STRIDE School of Business is India’s first AI-native business school.
A 3-year BBA built for students who want more than classroom learning.
From Day 1, work on real business projects, learn using AI tools, build practical business skills, and graduate with real experience.
What you get:
• Free personal MacBook loaded with 15+ AI tools
• 25+ real projects to build your portfolio
• 10+ AI industry certifications from platforms like Google, IBM & HubSpot
• Startup funding support up to ₹1 Crore
• Scholarships up to 100%
🎁 Use coupon code [SBAT300] and get ₹300 OFF on your S-BAT registration fee.
Admissions are through S-BAT (Stride Business & AI Test).
📅 Test Date: 12th June
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Registrations close soon and seats are limited.
Prepare for S-BAT here: https://strideschool.ai/Stride-BAT-2026-Prep-Kit.pdf | 123 |
| 12 |  Register for S-BAT: https://bit.ly/4nJ9f7d
STRIDE School of Business is India’s first AI-native business school.
A 3-year BBA built for students who want more than classroom learning.
From Day 1, work on real business projects, learn using AI tools, build practical business skills, and graduate with real experience.
What you get:
• Free personal MacBook loaded with 15+ AI tools
• 25+ real projects to build your portfolio
• 10+ AI industry certifications from platforms like Google, IBM & HubSpot
• Startup funding support up to ₹1 Crore
• Scholarships up to 100%
🎁 Use coupon code [SBAT300] and get ₹300 OFF on your S-BAT registration fee.
Admissions are through S-BAT (Stride Business & AI Test).
📅 Test Date: 11th June
⏳ Last Date to Apply: 12th June
💻 Mode: Online
Registrations close soon and seats are limited.
Prepare for S-BAT here: https://strideschool.ai/Stride-BAT-2026-Prep-Kit.pdf | 123 |
| 13 |  Register for S-BAT: https://bit.ly/4nJ9f7d
STRIDE School of Business is India’s first AI-native business school.
A 3-year BBA built for students who want more than classroom learning.
From Day 1, work on real business projects, learn using AI tools, build practical business skills, and graduate with real experience.
What you get:
• Free personal MacBook loaded with 15+ AI tools
• 25+ real projects to build your portfolio
• 10+ AI industry certifications from platforms like Google, IBM & HubSpot
• Startup funding support up to ₹1 Crore
• Scholarships up to 100%
🎁 Use coupon code [SBAT300] and get ₹300 OFF on your S-BAT registration fee.
Admissions are through S-BAT (Stride Business & AI Test).
📅 Test Date: 11th June
⏳ Last Date to Apply: 12th June
💻 Mode: Online
Registrations close soon and seats are limited.
Prepare for S-BAT here: https://strideschool.ai/Stride-BAT-2026-Prep-Kit.pdf | 152 |
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NOTES PW COMMERCE 11 12 YA CUET के किसी भी BATCHES में एडमिशन लेने के लिए CODE 👉 COMM200 USE करते 200 FAST OFF MILEGA | 181 |
| 15 |  Register for S-BAT: https://bit.ly/4nJ9f7d
STRIDE School of Business is India’s first AI-native business school.
A 3-year BBA built for students who want more than classroom learning.
From Day 1, work on real business projects, learn using AI tools, build practical business skills, and graduate with real experience.
What you get:
• Free personal MacBook loaded with 15+ AI tools
• 25+ real projects to build your portfolio
• 10+ AI industry certifications from platforms like Google, IBM & HubSpot
• Startup funding support up to ₹1 Crore
• Scholarships up to 100%
🎁 Use coupon code [SBAT300] and get ₹300 OFF on your S-BAT registration fee.
Admissions are through S-BAT (Stride Business & AI Test).
📅 Test Date: 31st May
⏳ Last Date to Apply: 30th May
💻 Mode: Online
Registrations close soon and seats are limited.
Prepare for S-BAT here: https://strideschool.ai/Stride-BAT-2026-Prep-Kit.pdf | 141 |
| 16 |  Register for S-BAT: https://bit.ly/4nJ9f7d
STRIDE School of Business is India’s first AI-native business school.
A 3-year BBA built for students who want more than classroom learning.
From Day 1, work on real business projects, learn using AI tools, build practical business skills, and graduate with real experience.
What you get:
• Free personal MacBook loaded with 15+ AI tools
• 25+ real projects to build your portfolio
• 10+ AI industry certifications from platforms like Google, IBM & HubSpot
• Startup funding support up to ₹1 Crore
• Scholarships up to 100%
Admissions are through S-BAT (Stride Business & AI Test).
📅 Test Date: 31st May
⏳ Last Date to Apply: 30th May
💻 Mode: Online
Registrations close soon and seats are limited.
Prepare for S-BAT here: https://strideschool.ai/Stride-BAT-2026-Prep-Kit.pdf | 154 |
| 17 |  Register for S-BAT: https://bit.ly/4nJ9f7d
STRIDE School of Business, *India’s first AI-native business school*
A BBA program designed for students who want more than classroom learning.
From Day 1, work on real business projects, learn using AI tools, build practical business skills, and get mentored by founders and industry leaders.
Admissions are through S-BAT (Stride Business and AI Test).
📅 Test Date: 31st May
⏳ Last Date to Apply: 30th May
📍 Mode: Online
Limited seats available. Registrations close soon, so complete your application before the deadline.
To help you prepare, the S-BAT Prep Kit is attached : https://strideschool.ai/Stride-BAT-2026-Prep-Kit.pdf | 302 |
| 18 | ✅Advantages of Computerized Accounting System
➖ The accounts developed by computers are accurate, uniformed, clear, and comprehensive.
➖ It saves time and increases the efficiency of the employees.
➖ The computer prepares the account and records in no time with accuracy.
➖ Computerized accounting minimizes boredom of doing monotonous accounting jobs.
➖ With the help of accounting software, an individual can easily access data securely outside the office as well. The best example would be internet banking, booking tickets, etc.
➖ The financial statements arranged by computers are so precise and accurate that anybody can rely on the report.
➖ The accounting software makes the whole process simpler and faster to prepare an account.
✅Disadvantages of Computerized Accounting System
➖ The accuracy of the end report entirely depends on the input of the information.
➖ Sometime the incompetent and biased employees may alter the data.
➖ It is expensive.
➖ There is a cybersecurity threat and it might hinder the whole saved data.
➖ Too much of the input on the computer might slow down the operating system and affect the work process.
✅Types of Accounting Softwares
➖ Ready-to-use Softwares – It is cheap and fit for small enterprises which has less accounting transactions and a low user base. However, such software is less secure and easily subject to risks. This software doesn’t require any specialised training.
➖ Customized Softwares – The software is customizable to satisfy the customer’s requirement and fit for medium and large firms. The software is costly as well as its training, but a company can use it for a various information system. It is more secure as compare to ready-to-use software.
➖ Tailored Softwares – It is suitable for big companies that have many divisions and scattered geographically. The cost is extremely high and requires specialized training to utilise the software. The software is highly secure. | 331 |
| 19 | ✅Features of Income and Expenditure Account
➖Income and expenditure account presented by non-trading entities are much like the profit and loss a/c presented by trading entities.
➖It is prepared by stringently following the fundamentals of the double-entry system of bookkeeping or accounting.
➖It is always prepared during the end of the period which normally comprises of 1 year.
➖It decides the surplus or deficit of income over expends of the non-trading entities for the particular year.
➖The surplus or deficit from the income and expenditure account is moved to the capital fund a/c.
➖The Income and expenditure account of only revenue nature are incorporated in this account. Any income and expenditure of capital nature are not comprehended.
➖It is prepared by accountants chosen by the enterprise’s management and is audited by an independent auditor.
➖It does not begin with the opening balance, and it follows back the incomes received and expenditures incurred by the non-trading entities during the financial year.
➖The accumulated or accrual concept of accounting is rigidly pursued when it is prepared. | 217 |
| 20 | ✅What is Reserve in Balance Sheet:
A reserve is a retained earnings secured by a company to strengthen a company’s financial position, clear debt & credits, buy fixed assets, company expansion, legal requirements, investment and other plans. These are usually done to save the cash from being used in other purposes. Reserve funds do not have any legal restrictions so that the company can use it for any purpose. For instance: Let’s consider company ABC has to suspend one of its products and release refunds to its buyers over the periods of six months.
To make sure that the company has enough money to give refunds, a balance sheet reserve of ₹1,00,000 is created. As customers demand refunds, Company ABC reduces the ₹1,00,000 reserve. Especially insurance companies regularly create balance sheet reserves to make sure they have sufficient funds to pay out claims. The reserves usually meet the expense of applications that have been registered but not yet paid. Balance sheet reserves are registered as liabilities on the balance sheet. | 228 |
