English Knowledge

vocabulary ➖➖➖➖➖➖ 1. Devotees try to invoke the blessings of the gods they worship. 2. Can you precisely locate the Shanidev temple on the map of Maharashtra? 3. Bus service was disrupted by a one-day strike by the drivers. 4. Contentment is the key source to happiness. 5. A dietitian knows all about the components of different food items. 6. Always drink boiled water, if you want to prevent yourself from falling ill. 7. The computerized multimedia modules can help the student learn better. 8. They started meeting now and then. Eventually, they fell in love with each other and decided to marry. 9. The reason of our having resentment or grudge for someone is past hurt. 10. Self-esteem is the feeling in absence of which I don't feel insulted. 11. The atmosphere is filled with mist in the early morning time. 12. The mountains looks like a queen wearing white clothes having golden morning light sparkle and glisten. 13. The first sun ray reminds us of nature's everlasting love for us. 14. The morning twilight still lasts there in the sky above the mountain peaks. 15. The eternal snow on the hoary summits melts away. 16. Ajay is stubbornly determined to achieve his goals. He is hell-bent on fulfilling his dreams. 17. Neha drew close to her mother to receive comfort and affection. She was snuggling. 18. John gave a coin of five cents to his friend. The coin was a nickle. 19. The Alice cartoons could not display things much prominently. They could not create a splash. 20. Everyone firmly fixed their eyes on the trick that the magician was performing on the stage. Their eyes were riveted on the magician.

synthesis ➖➖➖➖➖➖ 1. The Germans abolished the slums. They could not raise good soldiers in the slums. They found out it years ago. Ans. Years ago the Germans found out that they could not raise good soldiers in the slums, so they abolished the slums. 2. It's time your country is in danger. It's time your liberties are in danger. Will you speak about low wages in this situation? Ans. Will you speak about low wages when your country, your liberties are in danger? 3. Honest sweat, persistent toil and years of struggle bring them nothing. These are the things they fight for. They know this fact. Ans. They know the fact that honest sweat, persistent toil and years of struggle bring them nothing worth fighting for. 4. That cheque did not get cleared. The cheque was drawn in favour of her friend. Sonal had insufficient balance in her bank account. Ans. Sonal had insufficient balance in her bank account, therefore that cheque drawn in favour of her friend did not get cleared. 5. It was morning. It was a summer day. I went to Ramnagar. I wanted to meet my friend. He lived there. We studied together. Ans. In the morning on a summer day, I went to my friend and ex-classmate living in Ramnagar. 6. Dr Shah has come to the hospital. She wants to examine her patients. She herself is ill. She is accurate in her work. I know this. Ans. I know that in spite of her illness, Dr Shah has come to the hospital to examine her patients because she is accurate in her work.

9. What does Helen remind the workers? Ans. Helen Keller reminds the workers about their duty to demand more important meausers. They should see that child labour is banished. The factories should be clean having healthy surroundings. Machines should be such that no accidents are caused. It is the work of clever ones to provide clean cities without smoke, congestion and dirt. The amount of wages paid should be such that workers get minimum amount required for their existence. This should be done throughout the nation and thus provide opportunity to all to enjoy proper nourishment, education, intelligence which can be of service to the country at all times.

5. What are the consequences of war? Ans. The consequences of war are always horrible. Millions of young men die. Some other millions get crippled and blinded for life. For still more millions of human beings, their existence turns horrible. The achievement and legacy of generations are swept away in a moment and nobody is better off for all the misery. 6. What, according to Helen, is the real freedom of workers? Ans. The real freedom of workers is when they are not compelled to work twelve or ten hours a day. They are not free when they are ill paid for their exhausting toil. They are not free when their children must labour in mills and factories or starve. They are also not free when their woman maybe driven by poverty to lives of shame. They are not free when they are clubbed and imprisoned because they go on strike for a raise of wages and for their basic justice. If they get rid of these constraints, they can have real freedom. 7. Why does she say that there has never existed a truly free and democratic nation in the world? Ans. Helen Keller says that there has never existed a truly free and democratic nation in the world because from time immemorial, men have followed the strong men who had the power of money and of armies with blind loyalty. They have tilled the lands of the rulers and have been robbed of the fruits their labour. 8. How does slavery exist in the civilized world? Ans. As civilization has grown more complex, the workers have become more and more enslaved. They have been more like machines. Daily they face the dangers of railroad, bridge, skyscraper, freight train, stockhold, stockyard and training at docks on the railroads and underground and on the seas.

1. What does Helen believe about the editors? Ans. Helen does not want to depriciate the editors. She believes about the editors that they are an overworked, misunderstood class. She believes it firmly that she should understood their efforts and avail appreciation for them or they will not be encouraged to work genuinely further. 2. Why does Helen call it (the voice of authority) a trap? Ans. The voice of authority addresses the workmen as patriots and diverts their attention alarming them that their country is in danger. The voice of authority gives examples of Belgium and Serbia and make them frightened. It suggests the workmen that they should not ask for rise in their wages as their liberties are in danger. The voice suggests the workmen to quit grumbling, get busy and prepare to defend their kitchen and country. Thus these speeches function as a trap for the workmen as they would get sentimental with elated feelings of nationalism and would not demand more wages. 3. Why does she call their masters their enemies? Ans. She calls their masters their enemies because the workers know that they have no enemies except their masters. They know that their citizenship papers are no guarantee for the safety of their wives and children. They know that honest sweat, persistent toil and years of struggle bring them nothing on to, worth fighting for. Therefore, they keep on enduring everything that their masters impose on them. 4. What is 'blind vanity'? Ans. Even if the workers toil persistently and diligently and lead struggleful life, they get nothing satisfying as their reward. Their masters keep on befooling them in the name of defending country sacrificing everything from their side. Even with all this awareness, they never raise voice against them. The workmen are so simple at their hearts that they believe themselves a country. This is 'blind vanity' according to Helen Keller.

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🟤 paragraph 5 👉🏻 The Crown Pull When we breathe, there is a microscopic movement of the cranial bones which in turn allows the cerebrospinal fluid to move freely through the spinal column and the skull. When tensed or upset and don't breathe deeply enough, this can result in bones in the skull becoming slightly stuck together so that the fluid cannot circulate properly. The Crown Pull influences the flow of cerebrospinal fluid in a positive way. It helps calm your nervous system and can also often take away a headache or stress - induced stomach ache, as well as helping you think clearly. 1. What happens when we breathe? Ans. When we breathe, there is a microscopic movement in the cranial bones, which in turn allows the cerebrospinal fluid to move freely through the spinal column and the skull. 2. What happens when we are tensed or upset? Ans. When we are tensed or upset and don't breathe deeply enough, the bones in the skull become slightly stuck together preventing the fluid to circulate properly. 3. Where does the cerebrospinal fluid move freely? Ans. The the cerebrospinal fluid moves freely through the spinal column and the skull. 4. Mention two body parts from the passage. Ans. The two body parts are the spinal column and the skull. ⚫️ paragraph 6 • Place both of your hands with your fingers like combs on top of your head so that your little fingers are touching your hairline at the front. • Firmly press down on to your scalp and pull your fingers away from the midline, combing outwards with each hand. • Now place your hands in the same way higher up on the midline of the head and repeat the procedure. • Now place hands even further back on your head, towards the crown, and repeat the procedure. 1. What kind of exercise is suggested in the passage? Ans. The exercise suggested in the passage is pressing our head step by step from the front hairline of our head to its back. 2. What does the word 'crown' in this passage suggest? Ans. The word 'crown' in this passage suggests the middle-top part of our head. 🟠 paragraph 7 👉🏻 Mental quick fixes • Put on some music you like and dance through the room. This creative activity exercises the right side of the brain and helps rebalance your brain. • Get a fish tank and watch the fish swim around languidly. This allows your mind to calm down. • Write down all your worries. Putting them on a piece of paper gets them out of your head. • Get out into nature and walk. • Concentrate on what is right now rather than what might happen tomorrow. 1. Write two ways to get mentally relieved. Ans. To get mentally relieved, we should follow these ways: (a) We should listen to music and dance. (b) We should get out into nature and walk. 2. What kind of concentration should we have? Ans. We should concentrate on right now rather than what might happen tomorrow. 🟡 paragraph 8 • Sing in the bath and use the shampoo bottle as a micro-phone. • Nobody is perfect and who wants to be nobody? Mistakes are OK. • Delete the phrase "I can't" from your vocabulary. It isn't constructive and blocks your view of possible solutions. • Write a few lines with your other hand. This rebalances the two hemispheres of the brain. • Expect to be lucky. 1. Give three examples for this exercise. Ans. We should sing in the bath and use the shampoo bottle as a micro-phone. We should remember that nobody is perfect and who wants to be nobody. We should keep in mind that mistakes are OK. 2. What should you do with this phrase: 'I can't' ? Ans. We should delete the phrase "I can't" from our vocabulary. It isn't constructive and blocks our view of possible solutions. 3. How can you rebalance the two hemispheres of the brain? Ans. We should write a few lines with our other hand. This rebalances the two hemispheres of the brain. 4. What are you supposed to expect? Ans. We are supposed to expect to be lucky. 💡💡💡💡💡💡💡💡💡 std. 12 Unit: 3 Read: 2

1. What happens when we breathe? Ans. When we breathe, there is a microscopic movement in the cranial bones, which in turn allows the cerebrospinal fluid to move freely through the spinal column and the skull. 2. What happens when we are tensed or upset? Ans. When we are tensed or upset and don't breathe deeply enough, the bones in the skull become slightly stuck together preventing the fluid to circulate properly. 3. Where does the cerebrospinal fluid move freely? Ans. The the cerebrospinal fluid moves freely through the spinal column and the skull. 4. Mention two body parts from the passage. Ans. The two body parts are the spinal column and the skull. paragraph 6 • Place both of your hands with your fingers like combs on top of your head so that your little fingers are touching your hairline at the front. • Firmly press down on to your scalp and pull your fingers away from the midline, combing outwards with each hand. • Now place your hands in the same way higher up on the midline of the head and repeat the procedure. • Now place hands even further back on your head, towards the crown, and repeat the procedure. 1. What kind of exercise is suggested in the passage? Ans. The exercise suggested in the passage is pressing our head step by step from the front hairline of our head to its back. 2. What does the word 'crown' in this passage suggest? Ans. The word 'crown' in this passage suggests the middle-top part of our head. paragraph 7 Mental quick fixes • Put on some music you like and dance through the room. This creative activity exercises the right side of the brain and helps rebalance your brain. • Get a fish tank and watch the fish swim around languidly. This allows your mind to calm down. • Write down all your worries. Putting them on a piece of paper gets them out of your head. • Get out into nature and walk. • Concentrate on what is right now rather than what might happen tomorrow. 1. Write two ways to get mentally relieved. Ans. To get mentally relieved, we should follow these ways: (a) We should listen to music and dance. (b) We should get out into nature and walk. 2. What kind of concentration should we have? Ans. We should concentrate on right now rather than what might happen tomorrow. paragraph 8 • Sing in the bath and use the shampoo bottle as a micro-phone. • Nobody is perfect and who wants to be nobody? Mistakes are OK. • Delete the phrase "I can't" from your vocabulary. It isn't constructive and blocks your view of possible solutions. • Write a few lines with your other hand. This rebalances the two hemispheres of the brain. • Expect to be lucky. 1. Give three examples for this exercise. Ans. We should sing in the bath and use the shampoo bottle as a micro-phone. We should remember that nobody is perfect and who wants to be nobody. We should keep in mind that mistakes are OK. 2. What should you do with this phrase: 'I can't' ? Ans. We should delete the phrase "I can't" from our vocabulary. It isn't constructive and blocks our view of possible solutions. 3. How can you rebalance the two hemispheres of the brain? Ans. We should write a few lines with our other hand. This rebalances the two hemispheres of the brain. 4. What are you supposed to expect? Ans. We are supposed to expect to be lucky.

Stress Control Exercises ======================= 🟢 paragraph 1 👉🏻 Short meditation -1 ● Make yourself comfortable and close your eyes. ● Choose a word that symbolises 'calmness' to you : 'harmony', 'tranquility', 'serenity', 'peace', 'relax'. ● Meditate on your chosen word. Visualise scenes that tie in with the word or build up mental images that illustrate the word. You can also spend some time imagining what it would feel like if you experienced harmony or tranquility inside yourself. ● Open your eyes again. 1. Which are the first two steps for Short Medition Exercise? Ans. You should make yourself comfortable and close your eyes. You should choose a word that symbolises 'calmness' to you : 'harmony', 'tranquility', 'serenity', 'peace', 'relax'. 2. What is the third step of Short Medition Exercise? Ans. You should meditate on your chosen word. You should visualise scenes that tie in with the word or build up mental images that illustrate the word. You can also spend some time imagining what it would feel like if you experienced harmony or tranquility inside yourself. 🔴 paragraph 2 👉🏻 Short meditation- 2 • Pick a material such as dress fabric, a stone, a piece of wood or anything else that appeals to you. • With your eyes closed, explore the texture of this material. • Spend at least two minutes doing this. 1. Which are the first two steps for Short Medition Exercise? Ans. You should pick a material such as dress fabric, a stone, a piece of wood or anything else that appeals to you. You should explore the texture of this material with your closed eyes. 2. How much time should you spend for this exercise? Ans. We should spend at least two minutes for this exercise. 🔵 paragraph 3 👉🏻 Give your brain oxygen hit Half the problem with being stressed and unable to concentrate properly is that you don't breathe deeply enough to supply your brain with sufficient oxygen. When we get stressed, we tend to hold our breath or only breathe in a shallow way, using only the top part of our lungs. In order to deepen your breathing and get oxygen all the way up into the brain again, do the following exercises for two minutes : 1. What could be one of the factors for being stressed and not being able to concentrate properly? Ans. One of the factors for being stressed is not breathing deeply enough to supply our brain with sufficient oxygen. 2. What kind of breathing do we have when we are stressed? Ans. When we are stressed, we tend to hold our breath or only breathe in a shallow way, using only the top part of our lungs. 3. What is the reason of being stressed, according to the writer? Ans. According to the writer, the reason of being stressed is that we don't breathe deeply enough to supply our brain with sufficient oxygen. 4. What should we do to get oxygen into the brain? Ans. To get oxygen into the brain, we should deepen our breathing. 🟣paragraph 4 • Rub both your hands together for a moment to create energy. • Place your palms one on top of the other on the area just below your navel. • Breathe consciously into your belly, making your palms rise every in-breath. • Imagine breathing oxygen into your brain. 1. How can you deepen your breathing using your hands? Ans. We should rub both our hands together for a moment to create energy. We should place our palms just below our navel. 2. What are the last two steps of this exercise? Ans. We should breathe consciously into our belly, making our palms rise every in-breath. We should imagine breathing oxygen into our brain. 💡💡💡💡💡💡💡💡💡 std. 12 Unit: 3 Read: 2