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+1Friends, we received a request. And we verified this to be genuine.
This baby boy needs a heart surgergy in next 3-4days. As he is suffering from Artial Septal Defect(ASD), i.e a hole in the heart. He has been admitted to Amri hospital. The operation cost will amount to be around 5lakhs+. His parents are unable to arrange the required money for the operation. We will be grateful, If you will be able to help him in any means. Even a single penny matters to save this innocent life. 🙏
Address:
Mother's Name- Sophia Barik
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Contact- 9937758040; 7327046826 (both number have UPI)
Bank details:
Name- Sophia Barik
A/c no- 17663211028277
IFSC code- UCBA0001766
Thank you.
Do share with others.
| 2 |  #Agriculture
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| 6 | Decarbonising India agriculture and it's benefits:-
As per India’s third Biennial Update Report , in 2016, agriculture and livestock emitted CO2 which amounts to around 14% of total emissions.
--Out of the total agriculture and livestock emissions of India in 2016, 61.3% is linked to livestock.
--Apart from livestock, the major constituents of agriculture GHG emissions are rice cultivation (17.5%), fertiliser application (19.1%), and field burning of agricultural residues (2.2%).
Benefits of Decarbonising Indian agriculture:-
--Considering the huge contribution of agriculture and livestock to emissions, decarbonizing this sector will help India meet its climate goals.
- Further, transition to sustainable and climate-smart agriculture and land use can create many jobs and enhance incomes apart from mitigating GHG emissions and environment pollution.
Pathways for decarbonisation:
This include:
--Reducing biogenic methane from cattle and rice cultivation
--Inculcating resource efficiency by reducing consumption of water, chemical fertilisers, and energy
--Reducing waste in the food supply chain
--Building climate resilience through deploying automation and technology
Decarbonisation of agriculture must be done carefully to be sustainable:
-- decarbonisation has to be carefully calibrated to be sustainable and avoid an adverse impact to over 120 million marginal farmers who are still in the ‘survival phase’ of their socio-economic development.
Factors critical for both decarbonisation and sustainability:
1. Maintaining healthy soil:
-Fertile soil enhances farm yields and incomes apart from being a carbon sink.
-Healthy soil holds more moisture and soil conservation methods reduce erosion.
--Soil can be enriched with compost/bio-char from co-products of biogas/biofuels plants. This will also help mitigate environment pollution, and displace chemical fertilisers.
2. Water conservation:
-Agriculture consumes over 80% of freshwater in India, making conservation critical.
-Micro-irrigation with automation and adoption of low water-intensive varieties and farming practices is essential.
-Areas under water intensive crops must be reduced through crop diversification.
3. Alternate cropping:
-Alternate cropping contributes to GHG mitigation and is an emerging area in climate-smart farming.
-For example, seaweed cultivation as additive to cattle feed reduces biogenic methane emissions, improves feed quality, and enhances milk production.
4. Agro-forestry:
-Trees act as windbreaks, reduce soil erosion, enrich soil, and filter water.
-Studies suggest that 5% increase at 5 yearly intervals to the existing tree and forest cover can help mitigate India’s projected emissions.
5. Bio-energy from farm waste:
-Generating bio-energy from farm waste offers immense potential for mitigating emissions as well as growth in non-farm economic activity.
Way ahead:
-Sustainable agriculture pathways will require significant capital.A large portion of this could come from appropriate re-allotment of existing subsidies.
-Climate finance and long-term capital will be needed for areas having longer gestation period, viz biogenic methane mitigation, agro-forestry, etc.
- sustainability initiatives in agriculture need coordinated and action-oriented implementation and appropriate institutional architecture for convergence from the Centre to states to districts or agro-zones.
#agriculture #economy #diversification_of_crops
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| 7 | Genome Editing:-
The central government has paved the way for easy introduction of genome edited crops.
The government has clearly distinguished such crops from genetically modified crops and has prescribed relatively easier norms for their introduction.
The change in rules will allow genome-edited plants, or organisms without any “foreign” genes to be subjected to a different regulatory process than the one applied to those genetically engineered products with "foreign” genes.
What is genome editing technology and how is it different from GM technology?
- Genome is the complete genetic information of an organism and genome editing is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, deleted, modified or replaced in the genome of a living organism.
Genome editing in agriculture:
-In the field of genome engineering, “CRISPR” or “CRISPR-Cas9” is used as a tool .Using this tool, genome editing can be used to insert specific traits in the gene sequence.
Categories:-
- are of three categories:
SDN1: It introduces changes in the host genome’s DNA through small insertions/deletions without introduction of foreign genetic material.
SDN 2: It produces a double-stranded break, and the break is repaired by the cell where a small nucleotide template is supplied that is complementary to the area of the break, which is used by the cell to repair the break.
SDN3: It induces a double-stranded break in the DNA, but is accompanied by a template containing a gene or other sequence of genetic material. The cell’s natural repair process then utilizes this template to repair the break; resulting in the introduction of the genetic material.
-Both SDN1 and SDN2, does not involve alien genetic material and the end result is indistinguishable from conventionally bred crop varieties.
For SDN1 and SDN2 processes, the government will instead rely on reports of Institutional Biosafety Committee to exclude exogenous genetic material.
-This will allow such genome-edited plants without the need for GMO regulation at the Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC).
-This would be a less cumbersome and time consuming process for commercial release of such genome edited crops.
Genome editing and genetically modified organisms:-
-Genetically modified organisms(GMO) involve modification of the genetic material of the host by introduction of a foreign genetic material.
-In the case of agriculture, soil bacteria is the best mining source for such genes which are then inserted into the host genome using genetic engineering.
For example, in case of cotton, introduction of genes cry1Ac and cry2Ab mined from the soil bacterium Bacillus Thuringiensis (BT) allow the native cotton plant to generate endotoxins to fight pink bollworm naturally.
-BT Cotton uses this advantage to help farmers naturally fight pink bollworm which is the most common pest for cotton farmers.
-In the case of agriculture, both the techniques aim to generate variants which are better yielding and more resistant to biotic and abiotic stress.
#biotechnology #genetic_engineering #agriculture #Gmcrops
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| 8 | #Hunger
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| 9 | Reintroducing African cheetahs in India:
- The cheetah, which became extinct in India after independence, is slated to return, with the Union Government announcing an action plan titled ‘Action Plan for Reintroduction of Cheetah in India.’
- According to the plan, about 50 of these big cats will be introduced in the next five years, from the African savannas.
Recommended sites:
Kuno Palpur National Park (KNP) in Madhya Pradesh other recommend sites are Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary, Madhya Pradesh, Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary - Bhainsrorgarh Wildlife Sanctuary complex, Madhya Pradesh,
Shahgarh bulge in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan,
Mukundara Tiger Reserve as fenced enclosure, Rajasthan
About cheetah and their distribution and extinction in India:-
- The cheetah (a carnivore) is the world’s fastest land animal historically ranging throughout most of Sub-Saharan Africa and extending eastward to India.
- Today, cheetahs are found in only 9% of their historic range, occurring in a variety of habitats such as savannahs in the Serengeti, arid mountain ranges in the Sahara and hilly desert terrain in Iran.
- Namibia has the largest population of cheetahs in the world, earning it the title "The Cheetah Capital of the World."
- Currently, cheetahs (African) are listed as Vulnerable on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, as there are fewer than 7,100 adult and adolescent cheetahs in the wild.
- The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) lists them as an Appendix 1 species.
Distribution of cheetahs in India:
Historically, Asiatic cheetahs had a very wide distribution in India, occurring from as far north as Punjab to Tirunelveli district in southern Tamil Nadu, from Gujarat and Rajasthan in the west to Bengal in the east.
Cause of extinction of cheetahs in India:
- Records of cheetahs being hunted (sport hunting, capturing during Mughal period) go back to the 1550s.
- However, the final phase of its extinction coincided with British colonial rule (the British declared a bounty for killing it in 1871).
- The last cheetahs were shot in India in 1947, but there are genuine accounts of sightings of the cat until around 1967.
- Discussions to bring the cheetah back to India were initiated in 2009 by the Wildlife Trust of India.
- Former cheetah range states - Gujarat, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh, were prioritized.
Why are cheetahs coming from southern Africa?
- The locally extinct cheetah-subspecies of India is found in Iran and is categorized as critically endangered.
- Since it is not possible to source the critically endangered Asiatic cheetah from Iran without affecting this subspecies, India will source cheetahs from Southern Africa.
- Southern African cheetahs have the highest observed genetic variety among extant cheetah lineages, which is critical for a founding population stock.
Significance of bringing back cheetahs:
- Besides conserving the big cat, the initiative in itself is a boon to the ecosystem.
- They are not a threat to humans and do not attack large livestock either.
Challenges:
- Based on the evidence available, it is impossible to conclude that the choice to bring the African cheetah into India is scientifically sound.
- As a result, the Supreme Court of India (in 2020) permitted an experimental release of cheetahs in a suitable habitat.
#environmental_studies #IUCN #cheetah #vulnerable
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| 10 | Happy holi everyone😁 | 1 305 |
| 11 | UPSC CSE Mains 2021 Result.pdf | 1 329 |
| 12 | MAKE IN INDIA IN DEFENCE
Defence Ministry of India has identified 18 major platforms for industry led design and development in defence sector under various routes. This is in sync with the announcement in the Union Budget 2022-23 that allocated 25 per cent of defence R&D budget for industry led research and development.
Make-1 category
Under the Make-1 category, 14 projects have been identified for Research and Development purpose. They include Hypersonic Glide Vehicle, Directed Energy Weapons, Naval Ship Borne Unmanned Aerial System, Light Weight Tank and Plug and Play’ Housing and Infrastructure for soldiers posted at extreme altitudes.
Under the Defence Acquisition Procedure 2020, ‘Make’ Category aims to achieve self-reliance by involving greater participation of Indian industries.
For Projects under Make-I sub-category, the Ministry of Defence will provide financial support up to 70 per cent of total cost of prototype development.
Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) Model category
Under Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) Model category, two platforms namely Long Range Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Indian Multi Role Helicopters have been identified.
Under this category, private industries will be encouraged to take up design and development of military platforms and equipment in collaboration with the Defence Research and Development Organisation and other organizations.
Make-II category
Under Make-II category, which is funded by industry with assured procurement, Anti-jamming Systems for Multiple Platforms has been identified.
The indigenous development of these projects will help harness the design capabilities of domestic defence industries and position India as a design leader in these technologies
#MakeInIndia #Defense
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| 13 | Cabinet approves setting up of National Land Monetization Corporation
Recently, the Union Cabinet, presided over by the Prime Minister of India, has approved the establishment of the National Land Monetization Corporation (NLMC) as a wholly owned Government of India enterprise.
National Land Monetization Corporation (NLMC):
About:
NLMC, proposed in the Union Budget 2021-22, will be set up asa Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) wholly owned by the Government of India, with an initial authorised share capital of Rs 5000 crore.
It will be under overall administrative control of the Department of Public Enterprises, Ministry of Finance.
Objectives:
NLMC will own, hold, manage and monetize surplus land and building (core) assets of Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) under closure and the surplus non-core land assets of Government owned CPSEs under strategic disinvestment.
It will also advise and support other Government entities (including CPSEs) in identifying their surplus non-core assets and monetizing them in a professional and efficient manner to generate maximum value realization.
Need:
At present, CPSEs hold considerable surplus, unused and under-used non-core assets in the nature of land and buildings.
According to the Economic Survey 2021-22, CPSEs (like, MTNL, BSNL, BPCL, BEML) have referred around 3,400 acres of land and other non-core assets to the Department of Investment and Public Asset Management (DIPAM, Ministry of Finance) for monetisation.
With monetization of non-core assets, the Government would be able to generate substantial revenues by monetizing unused and under-used assets.
Potential:
There is an aggregate monetisation potential of Rs 6 lakh crore through core assets of the central government over a four-year period from 2021-22 to 2024-25.
Top five sectors including roads, railways, power, oil and gas pipelines and telecom account for around 83% of the aggregate value.
Working:
The new entity will work as an asset manager for lands owned by the Union government and central public sector enterprises.
There will be a chief executive officer (CEO) and a technical team to facilitate land monetisation.
The corporation will be allowed to raise capital from the equity market, based on the value of its leased assets.
It will have members from senior officials of the finance ministry, ministry of housing and urban affairs and independent directors from finance, real estate industry.
NLMC will hire professionals from the private sector as in the case of similar entities like the National Investment and Infrastructure Fund (NIIF) and Invest India, since real estate monetisation requires specialised skills and expertise.
The SPV is likely to operate on the fee-based model and may become a permanent entity to monetise land on a regular basis.
Significance:
NLMC will act as a repository of best practices in land monetization, assist and provide technical advice to the Government in implementation of asset monetization programmes.
This will speed up the closure process of CPSEs and smoothen the strategic disinvestment process of Government owned CPSEs.
#CA #Economy
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| 14 | #caseStudy #example #gender #patriarchy
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| 15 | #ageing #oldAge #demography
@Sociology_CurrentAffairs
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| 18 | PSYCHOLOGY
#Psychology
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| 19 | #women #SHG
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| 20 | ✅Environmental impacts of wars: The irreversible damage
“Let us reaffirm our commitment to protect the environment from the impacts of war, and to prevent future conflicts over natural resources.” – Ban Ki-moon (Former Secretary-General, United Nations)
The environment we live in is the most delicate. A volcano occurs in one part of the world, and its impact can be felt in other countries. The recent Tonga volcanic eruption shockwaves were felt in India and it is about 12,382 km away. Now, think what wars can do!
The impact of wars can be detrimental to the environment. Wars not only kill people but damage every lifeform it comes in contact with, directly or indirectly. From flora to fauna, the impact of human-led conflict can be irreversible. It is estimated that over 750,000 pets were killed, especially during the beginning of World War II.
The environment suffers a great deal and its impact can be felt on people and other lifeforms even years after the mishap. The 1986 Chernobyl disaster triggered the release of radioactive contamination into the atmosphere in the form of both particulate and gaseous radioisotopes. As of 2022, it was the world’s largest known release of radioactivity into the environment.
Impact on Air
Wars involve massive use of military power. The impact of war activity on the environment, particularly on air pollution, starts with the development and testing of all aspects related to military weapons, hardware, and armament and the necessary training in its use.
According to studies (C. Protopsaltis, Chamber of Technology, Greece) between 1945 and 2009, several nations undertook the development of nuclear weapons which involved more than 2000 tests within 64 years. These not only affect the air quality but also influences the natural airflow over land and sea, impacting flora and fauna, and humans.
From a bullet which when fired, releases tiny particles of metal, including, lead, in the atmosphere; to pollution caused by chemical weapons, the air in the atmosphere gets affected to a large extent. Chemical weapons were used by almost all the participants in WW1.
Impact on Land & Forest
Among other things, forests fires are a common consequence of bombings and missile fires. Soil or the land not only bears the weight of the fallen soldiers but also the radioactive elements that continue to intoxicate it for years, which later enters the food chain through crops and grains.
In addition to this, it also affects trade based on forest produce, for instance, timber export will get affected, putting stress on the economy.
According to the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), decades of ugly wars in countries such as Afghanistan, Colombia or Iraq have led to the immense loss of natural resources. In Afghanistan alone, it witnessed deforestation rates which have reached 95% in some areas.
Impact on Wildlife
The impact of war is evident on animals and wildlife too. Critical biodiversity hotspots in Colombia, Democratic Republic of Congo, and South Sudan offered cover and refuge for rebel groups. However, this was disastrous for wildlife and forest conservation as these habitats have opened the doors to illegal logging, unregulated mining, massive poaching, and breeding grounds for invasive species.
Further, wars and conflicts also kill animals by way of forest fire, toxic buildup, food crisis, and more.
Impact on Water
Water bodies are no different. Wetlands, which are the habitats of a large number of birds and animals, get affected. Then, there is the issue of pumping. The groundwater can dissolve mercury, arsenic, and lead if the landmines are not pumped.
According to UNEP, water infrastructure, from groundwater wells to wastewater treatment plants and pumping stations to desalination plants has been damaged, in Gaza, Yemen, and elsewhere, posing environmental and public health risks.
#UkraineCrisis #War #Environment
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