The Hindu Vocabulary 25 Dec 2025
1. Requisite (Adjective)
Meaning: Made necessary by particular circumstances or regulations.
Hindi: अपेक्षित, आवश्यक।
Synonyms: Necessary, required, essential, vital.
Antonyms: Optional, unnecessary.
Example: Candidates must have the requisite experience for the job.
Related Words: Requisition (noun).
2. Deficit (Noun)
Meaning: The amount by which something, especially a sum of money, is too small.
Hindi: घाटा, कमी।
Synonyms: Shortfall, deficiency, shortage, loss.
Antonyms: Surplus, profit, excess.
Example: The trade deficit widened significantly in the last quarter.
Related Words: N/A.
3. Clamour (Noun)
Meaning: A loud and confused noise, especially that of people shouting vehemently.
Hindi: कोलाहल, शोर-शराबा।
Synonyms: Uproar, din, racket, shout.
Antonyms: Silence, peace.
Example: There is a growing clamour for a ban on online gambling.
Related Words: Clamorous (adjective).
4. Erstwhile (Adjective)
Meaning: Former.
Hindi: पूर्व, भूतपूर्व।
Synonyms: Former, old, past, one-time.
Antonyms: Current, present, future.
Example: The erstwhile royal family still commands respect in the region.
Related Words: N/A.
5. Deterrence (Noun)
Meaning: The action of discouraging an action or event through instilling doubt or fear of the consequences.
Hindi: निवारण, रोक।
Synonyms: Discouragement, disincentive, prevention.
Antonyms: Encouragement, incentive.
Example: Nuclear weapons are often justified as a means of deterrence.
Related Words: Deter (verb), deterrent (adjective/noun).
6. Modalities (Noun)
Meaning: A specific mode in which something is expressed or is experienced.
Hindi: तौर-तरीके।
Synonyms: Methods, procedures, processes, ways.
Antonyms: N/A.
Example: The two countries are working out the modalities for the trade agreement.
Related Words: Modality (singular noun).
7. Contentious (Adjective)
Meaning: Causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial.
Hindi: विवादास्पद, झगड़ालू।
Synonyms: Controversial, disputable, debatable, argumentative.
Antonyms: Uncontroversial, agreeable.
Example: The land acquisition bill remains a contentious issue.
Related Words: Contention (noun).
8. Encroachment (Noun)
Meaning: Intrusion on a person's territory, rights, etc.
Hindi: अतिक्रमण।
Synonyms: Intrusion, trespass, invasion, infringement.
Antonyms: Withdrawal, retreat.
Example: Removal of illegal encroachment from public land is underway.
Related Words: Encroach (verb).
9. Ambit (Noun)
Meaning: The scope, extent, or bounds of something.
Hindi: दायरा, सीमा।
Synonyms: Scope, range, extent, reach.
Antonyms: Center, core.
Example: The investigation was expanded to bring more officials within its ambit.
Related Words: N/A.
10. Discretionary (Adjective)
Meaning: Available for use at the discretion of the user.
Hindi: विवेकाधीन।
Synonyms: Optional, voluntary, elective.
Antonyms: Mandatory, compulsory.
Example: The Governor has certain discretionary powers under the Constitution.
Related Words: Discretion (noun).