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Special Types of Herina 1. Richter’s hernia Only part of bowel wall is trapped/strangulated. lumen not completely obstructed So patient may have strangulation without intestinal obstruction. ⸻ 2. Sliding hernia Part of a viscus forms part of the wall of the hernia sac. Common viscera: Colon Bladder ⸻ 3. Maydl’s hernia “W-shaped hernia” Two bowel loops are inside sac, but the middle loop inside abdomen becomes strangulated. ⸻ 4. Littre’s hernia Hernia sac contains Meckel’s diverticulum. ⸻ 5. Obturator hernia Hernia through obturator canal. Classic presentation Elderly thin woman Intestinal obstruction Medial thigh pain

A 27-year-old male is brought to the emergency department after a high-speed motor vehicle accident. He is hemodynamically stable. CT abdomen with IV contrast shows a 2.5-cm deep laceration of the renal cortex extending into the renal parenchyma, associated with a perirenal hematoma. There is no contrast extravasation, no collecting system rupture, and the renal vessels are intact. According to the AAST renal injury grading system, what is the most likely grade of renal injury?

A 24-year-old man presents with a painless left scrotal swelling that increases on standing and disappears when lying down. On examination, it feels like a “bag of worms.” Which of the following BEST explains why varicocele is more common on the left side?

Urinary incontinence MCQ دكتور كال تجي #Surg_Uro_L23

Causes of elevated PSA include: 📌prostatitis 📌benign prostatic hyperplasia 📌prostatic cancer 📌manipulation of prostate #surgery_uro

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Most common bacteria causing STD overall is nisseria gonorrhea