Drilling Manual

Single-Stage Cementing Procedure - DRILLING MANUAL | #drilling_manual In this article, we will discuss the practical steps for the single-stage primary casing cementing job procedure in oil and gas wells. The article outlines the circulation process before the job, surface checks, mixing of cement, and the procedure for first-stage primary cementing and displacement. It emphasizes the importance of bumping the plug and conducting final checks to ensure the success of the single-stage cementing job. Additionally, the article provides specific guidelines for conducting single-stage cementing on large-size casing. Before starting the cementing job, it is important to establish full returns by gradually increasing the pump rate and circulating the total hole volume. Surface checks should be done to ensure that all manifold lines are flushed with water and pressure tested. The mixing of cement should be done carefully, checking the slurry weight and ensuring…

The BOP accumulator allows limited operation of all BOP functions(Close - Open - Close) following the shutdown of the power pack engine. Standard CTUs are fitted with a 38-L [10- galUS] capacity bladder-type accumulator, which is pre-charged with nitrogen gas. Figures identifies the features of a BOP accumulator. The bladder of nitrogen gas is compressed during normal operations by the hydraulic system pressure. When hydraulic system pressure is lost, as in the case of a power pack engine shutdown, the bladder can release the hydraulic power it has stored. When the hydraulic system pressure is lost,the pressurized bladder expands to fill the space. This action retains pressure in the hydraulic system for a limited number of functions, until the bladder has reached its maximum size. At this stage, its stored energy has been completely used up.

Kill Sheet Calculation Steps, Formulas & Calculators - DRILLING MANUAL | #drilling_manual In the drilling industry, kill sheets are essential for calculating the mud weight, mud quantities, and pumping times required to regain control of a well after a gas kick. This article provides a comprehensive guide on how to complete kill sheets, including the necessary steps, formulas, and calculators. The importance of kill sheets is emphasized, as they record crucial information for effectively killing a well and preventing blowouts. By following the steps outlined in this article, personnel can ensure the safety and efficiency of well control operations. The article starts by explaining the importance of kill sheets, which provide vital information to the driller. This information includes the maximum shut-in annulus surface pressure (MAASP) for the original mud density, the required kill mud density, circulating pressures, and the time required for the kill mud…

Expandable Casing Mechanism, Application, Pros & Cons - DRILLING MANUAL | #drilling_manual Expandable casing is a solution to two common problems in well drilling: the need for an additional casing string after the well has started, and the requirement for multiple casing strings before the well has been initiated. In the first case, unexpected bore-hole stability or pressure issues can arise, necessitating an additional casing string. In the second case, especially in areas with depleted zones, a larger number of casing strings may be required. Expandable casing offers a solution to these challenges, although it is not without drawbacks. One of the main advantages of expandable casing is that it allows for a larger diameter than traditional casing, providing a solution for size and clearance issues. It is manufactured from flat plate steel with precise tolerances and must be ductile enough to expand without rupturing while maintaining sufficient strength.…

Downhole motors convert the hydraulic power of the pumped fluid into rotation motion. For milling and Drilling applications, the fluid is generally water , Mud or brine, although some motors can run on nitrified fluids. The most common type of downhole motor used in CT operations is the positive displacement motor (PDM) the motors used in CT interventions generally range in size from 1 11/16-in to 3 3/8-in OD. A PDM comprises two main parts: the stator and the rotor. The rotor is a helical-shaped drive shaft that fits inside the fixed stator, forming a tight seal. The stator is a steel tube with an internally bonded elastomer. Pumping fluid through the PDM forces the rotor to turn inside the stator. The rotation of the motor is transmitted through a coupling and a bearing assembly that turns the milling bit without rotating the rest of the toolstring. The bit box is the only external moving part of the motor. Different configurations of output speed (rpm)…

Who thinks we should have more of these signs added to a lot of the equipment we have out there? 🤣

Non-Magnetic Drill Collars Functions & Selection - DRILLING MANUAL | #drilling_manual Non-magnetic drill collars play a crucial role in drilling operations, particularly in surveying the wellbore direction. These collars are made from specially treated steel alloys, such as Monel, which do not affect magnetic surveying instruments. The primary function of non-magnetic drill collars is to isolate directional survey instruments from magnetic distortion caused by the steel drill string and other bottom hole assemblies. By placing the survey instrument inside a non-magnetic drill collar, the instrument can accurately measure the earth's magnetic field without interference from the drill string. The selection of non-magnetic drill collars depends on various factors, including the geographical location, inclination, azimuth, and bottom-hole assembly. Non-magnetic drill collars are typically manufactured from a material called Monel, which is a group of nickel…

Annular Velocity Formula, Calculations and Function - DRILLING MANUAL | #drilling_manual Annular velocity plays a crucial role in drilling operations, particularly in terms of hole cleaning and the removal of drilling cuttings. It refers to the upward velocity of the mud in the annulus between the drill pipe and the hole's wall and is typically measured in feet per minute. The drilling fluid's function is to effectively remove drilling cuttings, and the annular velocity is a key factor in achieving this. Calculating the annular velocity is essential for selecting an appropriate flow rate. Excessive velocity can lead to erosion, while insufficient velocity in the larger annulus near the surface can result in inadequate cuttings transport. The annular velocity is determined using various equations, such as the one involving the annular volume and pump output. Mud engineers often employ different equation forms to calculate annular velocity based on factors…

JAR.... A jar is a tool that delivers a sudden upward or downward impact force to the toolstring below the jar. Jars are run in most fishing toolstrings in case additional force is required to free the fish. Many jars release in one direction only However, dual-direction tools exist that can jar up and down. CT jars operate on either a mechanical or hydraulic principle. Hydraulic jars The operating principle of most hydraulic jars is similar. When tension is applied to the tool, the inner mandrel tries to extend. This movement is restricted by a seal assembly fixed to the mandrel that restricts the flow of the oil through a narrow annular gap. The mandrel/seal slowly travels to a trip point with a larger bore, at which time the flow of fluid and corresponding travel of the mandrel are no longer restricted. The mandrel will then stroke suddenly. At the limit of travel, the hammer strikes the anvil. By forcing the oil through a restricted passage, the flow…