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🔆 UPSC CSE MAINS 2023 📍 Q. Distinguish between ‘Care Economy’ and ‘Monetized Economy’. How can care economy be brought into monetized economy through women empowerment? (15 Marks) 📍 Introduction ✅ Care Economy refers to unpaid or underpaid activities such as childcare, elderly care, household maintenance and emotional labour. ✅ Monetized Economy includes all paid economic activities that generate income and contribute to GDP. 📍 Key Features of Care Economy ✅ Human-Centred ✅ Labour-Intensive ✅ Predominantly Informal Sector 📍 Fact File ✅ Care work contributes around 15–17% of India’s GDP equivalent value. ✅ Women perform nearly 84% of unpaid care work. ✅ Global care investments can create 475 million jobs by 2030. 📍 Care Economy vs Monetized Economy ✅ Care Economy • Unpaid caregiving, domestic work and emotional labour • Not counted in GDP or national accounts • Largely invisible and undervalued • Performed mostly by women • Informal and unrecognized skills • No wages or financial return • Seen as a natural duty or responsibility ✅ Monetized Economy • Paid labour producing goods and services • Direct contributor to GDP and economic growth • Highly visible and economically recognized • Formal skills, training and certifications • Generates income and employment • Seen as productive economic activity 📍 Bringing Care Economy into Monetized Economy through Women Empowerment ✅ Increase Investment in Care Economy • Raising investment to 2% of GDP can generate nearly 11 million jobs for women. ✅ Womenomics Approach • Draw lessons from Japan’s Womenomics Model to boost female labour force participation. ✅ PPP & CSR Participation • Expand affordable childcare, eldercare and community-care infrastructure. ✅ Skill Development & Certification • Childcare, geriatric care, nursing, early childhood education and nutrition services. ✅ Formalisation of Care Services • Expand Creches, Anganwadis, Elderly Care Centres and community caregiving services. ✅ Women-Led Care Entrepreneurship • Promote day-care centres, tiffin services and home-care services through credit, SHGs, digital platforms and market linkages. ✅ Social Protection • Recognise care work under minimum wage laws and social security frameworks. ✅ Digital Monetisation • Online caregiving services, home-nursing apps and domestic worker registries. ✅ Time-Saving Infrastructure • Clean cooking fuel, piped water supply and public transport to reduce unpaid care burden. 📍 Conclusion ✅ Integrating the care economy into the monetized economy requires recognition, valuation and formalisation of care work. ✅ Adopting the 3R Framework — Recognize, Reduce and Redistribute can advance SDG-5 (Gender Equality) and promote inclusive growth. #GS1 #UPSCMains #Answer

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🔆 Q. Mahatma Jotirao Phule’s writings and efforts of social reforms touched issues of almost all subaltern classes. Discuss. (150 words) 📍 Introduction Jyotirao Phule was a pioneering social reformer who fought against caste oppression, patriarchy and agrarian exploitation. Through his writings and activism, he addressed the concerns of Dalits, Shudras, women and peasants. 📍 Writings on Subaltern Issues ▪️ In Gulamgiri, he compared caste oppression with slavery in America, exposing the exploitation of Dalits and Shudras. ▪️ In Shetkaryacha Asud, he highlighted the misery of peasants under colonial revenue policies and moneylenders. ▪️ Through Sarvajanik Satya Dharma Pustak, he advocated a rational and egalitarian religion free from Brahmanical domination. ▪️ His play Tritiya Ratna emphasized education as the path to liberation. 📍 Social Reform Efforts ▪️ Along with Savitribai Phule, he opened the first school for girls in 1848 and later schools for Dalits and labourers. ▪️ He opposed child marriage, untouchability and enforced widowhood, while supporting widow remarriage. ▪️ He founded the Satyashodhak Samaj to unite oppressed castes and challenge social hierarchy. ▪️ He also demanded justice for peasants and lower castes through social and economic reforms. 📍 Conclusion Phule’s writings and reforms gave voice to almost every marginalized section of society and laid the foundation for modern ideas of equality, social justice and dignity. #history #prelims #mains Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM https://t.me/Upsc_4_history

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