Topper notes

✅PHYSICS IMPORTANT CONCEPTS PART-1✅

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Fig.: A diagram of a section of an alveolus with a pulmonary capillary 𝗘𝗫𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗚𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗔𝗦𝗘𝗦 Alveoli are the primary sites of exchange of gases. Gaseous Exchange in Lungs ● At alveoli level, gaseous exchange occur through respiratory membrane (diffusion membrane) which is 0.2 mm thick (total thickness is much less than a mm). ● 𝗜𝘁 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗿𝗲𝗲 𝗹𝗮𝘆𝗲𝗿𝘀: (i) Alveolar epithelium (thin squamous epithelium) (ii) Basement substance in between them (composed of a thin basement membrane supporting the squamous epithelium and the basement membrane surrounding the single layer endothelial cells of capillaries) (iii) Endothelium of alveolar blood capillaries ● Exchange of gases also occur between blood and tissues. ● O2 and CO2 are exchanged in these sites by simple diffusion mainly based on pressure/concentration gradient ● Pressure contributed by an individual gas in a mixture of gases is called partial pressure and is represented as pO2 for oxygen and pCO2 for carbon dioxide.

Important Increasing Order 🌱 ✔️ BOND ANGLE :- (i) CH4 , C2H4 , C2H2 (ii) H2O, NH3 , CH4 , CO2 (iii) H2O, NH3 , CH4 , BH3 (iv) NO2—, NO2 , NO2+ (v) H2Se, H2S, H2O (vi) AsH3 , PH3 , NH3 (vii) PF3 , PCl3 , PBr3 , PI3 (viii) NF3 , NCl3 (ix) NF3 , NH3 , NCl3 (x) OF2 , OH2 , Cl2O ✔️ MELTING POINT :- (i) Cs, Rb, K, Na, Li (ii) Mg, Ba, Sr, Ca, Be (iii) CaI2 , CaBr2 , CaCl2 , CaF2 (iv) BeCl2 , MgCl2 , CaCl2 , SrCl2 , BaCl2 (v) NaI, NaBr, NaCl, NaF (vi) CsCl, RbCl, KCl, NaCl (vii) AlCl3 , MgCl2 , NaCl ✔️ BOILING POINT :- (i) PH3 , AsH3 , NH3 , SbH3 (ii) H2S, H2Se, H2O (iii) HCl, HBr, HI, HF (iv) NH3 , HF, H2O (v) He, Ne, Ar, Kr (vi) H2O, D2O (vii) H2 , Cl2 , Br2 ✔️ DIPOLE MOMENTS :- (i) CCl4 , CHCl3 , CH2Cl2 ,CH3Cl (ii) NF3 , NH3 , H2O, HF (iii) Cis-chloropropene, Trans-chloropropene (iv) p, m, o-dichlorobenzene (v) CH3I, CH3Br, CH3F, CH3Cl (vi) NH3 , SO2 , H2O, HF (vii) H2S, H2O (viii) HI, HBr, HCl, HF (ix) PH3 , ASH3 , SbH3 , NH3 (x) H2O, H2O2.

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One shot from structure of atom