WORLD CRYPTO AND NET

📚 Important Vocabulary for Entrance Exam 📚 1. Imbecility – Extreme foolishness or lack of intelligence. 2. Senility – Weakness of mind due to old age. 3. Dotage – Mental decline in old age. 4. Superannuation – Retirement or pension money. 5. Unintelligible – Hard to understand. 6. Illegible – Hard to read. 7. Indelible – Cannot be erased. 8. Incorrigible – Cannot be corrected. 9. Anthropology – Study of humans and society. 10. Archaeology – Study of ancient things. 11. Ethnology – Study of different cultures. 12. Snob – A person who looks down on others. 13. Literate – Able to read and write. 14. Disciplinarian – A strict person. 15. Instantaneous – Happens immediately. 16. Stickler – A person who insists on rules. 17. Boaster – A person who brags. 18. Monarchy – Rule by a king or queen. 19. Plutocracy – Rule by the rich. 20. Oligarchy – Rule by a small group. 21. Autocracy – Rule by one person. 22. Pedantic – Showing off knowledge. 23. Pompous – Arrogant and grand. 24. Verbose – Using too many words. 25. Ornate – Highly decorated. 26. Schedule – A list of planned events. 27. Agenda – A list of topics for a meeting. 28. Timetable – A table showing times of events. 29. Plan – A way to do something. 30. Evade – Escape or avoid. 31. Avoid – Stay away from something. 32. Evacuate – Leave a dangerous place. 33. Exterminate – Destroy completely. 34. Monarch – A king or queen. 📌 This may help you in your Entrance Exam! ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 📚 Join our Educational Channels: 📌 @Educational_Question 📌 @Et_Study_Notes 📌 @Oromia_Educational_News 📌 @AmboIfaBoru 📌 @General_questions_always

To help answer the 25 questions provided earlier in our questions Channel. and offer guidance on related topics, the following detailed and concise note covers essential concepts in Chemistry: Atomic Theory: Dalton's Atomic Theory postulated that elements consist of indivisible atoms that combine in fixed ratios to form compounds, emphasizing the conservation of mass. Subatomic Particles: Electrons, discovered in the cathode ray tube experiment, are negatively charged particles found in the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus. Nuclear Structure: Rutherford's gold foil experiment revealed the existence of a dense, positively charged nucleus within the atom, surrounded by electrons. Neutron Characteristics: Neutrons are neutral subatomic particles located in the nucleus, contributing to the stability of the atomic structure. Bohr Model: Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom introduced quantized energy levels and explained atomic spectra, enhancing the understanding of atomic behavior. Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle: This principle states the impossibility of precisely determining both the position and momentum of a particle simultaneously. Quantum Numbers: Four quantum numbers (n, l, ml, ms) define the unique quantum state of an electron in an atom, specifying its energy, shape, orientation, and spin. Electron Configuration: The 3p subshell can hold a maximum of 6 electrons, distributed among the three degenerate p orbitals within the third energy level. Pauli Exclusion Principle: No two electrons in an atom can share the same set of quantum numbers, including their spin orientations. Chemical Bonding: Covalent bonds form when atoms share electron pairs to achieve a stable electron configuration, leading to molecular formation. Hybridization Geometry: In sp³ hybridization, the carbon atom adopts a tetrahedral geometry due to the combination of one s and three p orbitals. Metallic Bonding: Metallic bonds involve a "sea" of delocalized electrons shared among metal atoms, enhancing electrical conductivity and malleability. Kinetic Molecular Theory: Gas particles are in constant motion, colliding with each other and the container walls, explaining gas properties based on particle behavior. Boyle's Law: Describes the inverse relationship between gas pressure and volume at constant temperature, highlighting gas compressibility. Liquid Properties: Liquids have definite volumes but no fixed shape, adapting to the container due to weak intermolecular forces and fluidity. Reaction Rate Factors: Concentration, temperature, and catalysts influence reaction rates by altering the frequency of collisions and activation energy. Equilibrium State: Reversible reactions reach equilibrium when the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, establishing a dynamic balance. Le Chatelier's Principle: Systems at equilibrium adjust to counteract disturbances, maintaining equilibrium by shifting reaction conditions. Carboxylic Acids: Contain the -COOH functional group, exhibiting acidic properties due to the presence of a carboxyl group. Alcohol General Formula: Alcohols have the general formula R-OH, where R represents an alkyl group attached to the hydroxyl (-OH) functional group. Esters: Organic compounds responsible for fruity aromas in fruits, formed by the reaction between carboxylic acids and alcohols. Fats and Oils: Belong to the ester class of organic compounds, formed from the esterification of fatty acids with glycerol. Hydrogenation Process: Converts unsaturated fats to saturated fats by adding hydrogen atoms to double bonds, increasing saturation. Alcohol Nomenclature: Named using the -ol suffix to indicate the presence of the hydroxyl functional group (-OH) in the molecule. Valence Bond Theory: Explains chemical bonding through the overlap of atomic orbitals to form covalent bonds, emphasizing electron sharing. Join our Educational Channels: ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 📚JOIN: @Educational_Question 📚JOIN: @Et_Study_Notes 📚JOIN: @Oromia_Educational_News 📚JOIN: @AmboIfaBoru 📚JOIN: @General_questions_always

What is lever? 👉🏿 A lever is a rigid rod able to rotate about a fixed point known as a fulcrum, formed by the joint. Any force applied to the lever is called the effort. ✍🏿 A force that resists the motion of the lever, such as the downward force exerted by a weight on the bar, is called the load or the resistance. ✍🏿 A lever with a mechanical advantage less than 1 has the effort applied closer to the fulcrum than the load; this is typically referred to as a third-class lever, where the effort is between the fulcrum and the load. ✍🏿 A mechanical advantage less than 1 means the effort force needs to be greater than the load force to move the object. ✍🏿 In a third-class lever, the fulcrum is at one end, the load is at the other end, and the effort is applied in between, resulting in a short effort arm compared to the load arm. ✍🏿 Effort arm shorter than load arm: The distance from the fulcrum to the point where the effort is applied (effort arm) is smaller than the distance from the fulcrum to the load (load arm). Example: A pair of tweezers or a human bicep muscle flexing to lift an object. ✍🏿 The contraction of the muscles is the effort and the part of the body concerned is known as the resistance or load. ✍🏿 Bones of the body act as levers (a mechanical device) which create a mechanical advantage of strength or speed. Join our Educational Channels: ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 📚JOIN: @Educational_Question 📚JOIN: @Et_Study_Notes 📚JOIN: @Oromia_Educational_News 📚JOIN: @AmboIfaBoru 📚JOIN: @General_questions_always

Metabolic Processes Definition: Metabolic processes are the chemical reactions that occur within a living organism to maintain life. These processes enable organisms to grow, reproduce, repair damage, and respond to their environment. --- Types of Metabolic Processes: 1. Anabolism (Building Up) - Definition: The synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy (endothermic). - Examples: - Protein synthesis from amino acids. - DNA replication. - Photosynthesis (in plants). - Purpose: Supports growth, repair, and storage of energy. 2. Catabolism (Breaking Down) - Definition: The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy (exothermic). - Examples: - Cellular respiration (glucose breakdown to produce ATP). - Digestion of food into nutrients. - Fat breakdown into fatty acids and glycerol. - Purpose: Provides energy for bodily functions and building blocks for anabolism. --- Key Components of Metabolism: 1. Enzymes: - Proteins that act as biological catalysts to speed up metabolic reactions. - Highly specific to their substrate (e.g., amylase breaks down starch). 2. Energy Molecule (ATP): - Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is the primary energy currency of cells. - Energy is released when ATP is broken into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and a phosphate group. 3. Metabolic Pathways: - Linear Pathways: Sequence of reactions leading to a final product (e.g., glycolysis). - Cyclic Pathways: Reactions regenerate starting materials (e.g., Krebs cycle). --- Examples of Metabolic Processes: 1. Photosynthesis (Anabolic): - Occurs in plants. - Converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight. - Equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O + => C6H12O6 + 6O2 2. Cellular Respiration (Catabolic): - Occurs in all living organisms. - Breaks down glucose into water, carbon dioxide, and ATP. - Equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 => 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP 3. Protein Synthesis (Anabolic): - Ribosomes use mRNA to assemble amino acids into proteins. 4. Lipid Breakdown (Catabolic): - Lipids are broken into fatty acids and glycerol, which can be used for energy production. --- Regulation of Metabolic Processes: 1. Hormones: - Insulin: Promotes glucose storage and uptake. - Glucagon: Stimulates glucose release into the blood. - Thyroxine: Regulates the overall metabolic rate. 2. Feedback Mechanisms: - Negative Feedback: Maintains balance (e.g., ATP production halts when energy is sufficient). --- Importance of Metabolic Processes: - Provides energy for cellular activities. - Supplies raw materials for growth and repair. - Regulates body temperature and homeostasis. Join our Educational Channels: ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 📚JOIN: @Educational_Question 📚JOIN: @Et_Study_Notes 📚JOIN: @Oromia_Educational_News 📚JOIN: @AmboIfaBoru 📚JOIN: @General_questions_always

Candidates who are retaking the Grade 12 national exam can register online using the self-registration address https://register.eaes.et/Online . This internet registration application is self-service and subscribers can request the support they need from the center. Please use the information provided in this message to help registrants register easily. Educational Assessment and Testing Service