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UPSC GEOGRAPHY
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This channel provides notes from different major books like D.R. khullar, G.C leong etc No copyright material allowed. Queries - @Upscgeographybot
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کانال UPSC GEOGRAPHY (@upsc_geography_notes_optional) در بخش زبانی انگلیسی بازیگری فعال است. در حال حاضر جامعه شامل 66 628 مشترک است و جایگاه 2 457 را در دسته آموزش و رتبه 4 976 را در منطقه الهند دارد.
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“This channel provides notes from different major books like D.R. khullar, G.C leong etc
No copyright material allowed.
Queries - @Upscgeographybot”
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◇ Alluvial fan lakes - are formed due to obstruction of free flow of the rivers offered by the alluvial fans developed at the foothill zones of the mountains. Such smaller lakes have been formed in fan areas all along the foothill zones of the Shivalik Ranges of the Himalaya.
◇ Delta lakes - are formed due to collection of water in the low-lying areas between two distributaries of the main river draining the delta. Such delta lakes are more frequently formed in bird-foot deltas because the seaward projecting narrow branches of delta are bent by sea and tidal waves and thus water is locked between the branches of delta and lakes of smaller sizes are formed.
◇ Flood plain lakes - are small and temporary lakes which are formed due to collection of water in the depressions formed during the uneven deposition of alluvia at the time of floods.
◇ Raft lakes - are formed when several larger wooden logs and rafts obstruct the free flow of water as they form temporary dams across the river channels.
▪︎JOIN - @upsc_geography_notes
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■ FLUVIAL LAKES
#Geomorphology #Lakes
Like glaciers, rivers also form several types of lakes through their erosional and depositional works.
◇ Plunge pool - lakes are formed in the plunge pools which are formed at the bases of major waterfalls. Such lakes are formed in the beds of river valleys due to recession of waterfalls.
◇ Structural lakes - are those which are formed due to damming of river water because of major obstructions caused by the exposure of resistant rock beds across the river channels. These lakes are drained out as the resistant rock beds are eroded away.
◇ Oxbow lakes - are more frequently found with the alluvial rivers. These lakes are formed when a meandering river straightens its course and the acute meander loops are left out. These left-out or separated meander loops become oxbow lakes. Wular lake of Kashmir is considered to be an ox-bow lake.
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◇ Alluvial fan lakes - are formed due to obstruction of free flow of the rivers offered by the alluvial fans developed at the foothill zones of the mountains. Such smaller lakes have been formed in fan areas all along the foothill zones of the Shivalik Ranges of the Himalaya.
◇ Delta lakes - are formed due to collection of water in the low-lying areas between two distributaries of the main river draining the delta. Such delta lakes are more frequently formed in bird-foot deltas because the seaward projecting narrow branches of delta are bent by sea and tidal waves and thus water is locked between the branches of delta and lakes of smaller sizes are formed.
◇ Flood plain lakes - are small and temporary lakes which are formed due to collection of water in the depressions formed during the uneven deposition of alluvia at the time of floods.
◇ Raft lakes - are formed when several larger wooden logs and rafts obstruct the free flow of water as they form temporary dams across the river channels.
▪︎JOIN - @upsc_geography_notes
66 614
■ FLUVIAL LAKES
#Geomorphology #Lakes
Like glaciers, rivers also form several types of lakes through their erosional and depositional works.
◇ Plunge pool - lakes are formed in the plunge pools which are formed at the bases of major waterfalls. Such lakes are formed in the beds of river valleys due to recession of waterfalls.
◇ Structural lakes - are those which are formed due to damming of river water because of major obstructions caused by the exposure of resistant rock beds across the river channels. These lakes are drained out as the resistant rock beds are eroded away.
◇ Oxbow lakes - are more frequently found with the alluvial rivers. These lakes are formed when a meandering river straightens its course and the acute meander loops are left out. These left-out or separated meander loops become oxbow lakes. Wular lake of Kashmir is considered to be an ox-bow lake.
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□ TERMINAL MORAINE LAKES
◇ Formed when the glaciers are ablated.
◇ In fact, several successive morainic ridges parallel to each other are formed due to recession of ice sheets during great ice ages.
◇ The water, when located between two morainic ridges, forms such lakes. Grand Lake of the state of Colorado (USA) is an example of such lakes.
□ ROCK BASIN LAKES
◇ are formed due to filling of depressions and hollows, formed by glacial erosion in the beds of glacial valleys, with water. The water collecting in cirques forms cirque or tarn lakes.
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■ GLACIAL LAKES
#Phsiography #Lakes
□ GROUND MORAINE LAKES
◇ Ground moraine lakes are formed due to collection of water in the irregular smaller depressions formed due to deposition of moraines in the bed of the glacial valleys when either the ice sheets retreat or glaciers are ablated (melted).
◇ The depressions receive either the meltwater or seepage water coming as springs.
◇ Generally, ground moraine lakes are enclosed lakes as they do not have any outlet.
◇ Such lakes are of small size and shallow depth.
□ LATERAL MORAINE LAKES
◇ Formed in two ways:-
• Due to damming of the mouths of tributary glacial valleys by the accumulation of lateral moraines and filling of these tributary valleys by water. Such lakes are purely temporary because these are drained out when the morainic dams are breached due to accumulation of huge volume of water.
• Due to accumulation of water between the walls of glacial valleys and the lateral moraines parallel to the valleys.
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■ CHARACTERSTICS FEATURES OF LAKES
#Lakes
◇ Lakes are variables and change with time Each lake has its own life history or life-cycle which includes origin, development and obliteration (extinction).
◇ Some lakes are found at higher heights (thousands of metres from sea level) of the mountains and plateaux whereas some lakes are found below sea level.
◇ Some lakes are characterized by greater depth e.g. Baykal Lake of Siberia (more than 1.6 km deep) whereas many of the lakes are very shallow which become almost dry during dry summer season and thus such lakes are also called seasonal lakes.
◇ Lakes range in areal extent from a tiny tarn glacial lake having an areal extent of a few square metres to very extensive lakes like Caspian Sea.
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■ SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF LAKES
#Lakes
◇ Lakes do not have any specific spatial pattern of their distribution. They are found over the mountains, plateaux, plains alike.
◇ The highest lake of the world, Tso Sekuru, is located at the height of 18, 284 feet AMSL (Tibetan plateau). On the other hand, Dead Sea, the lowest lake of the world, is located 1300 feet below sea level.
◇ Normally, lakes are found more in the following regions (i) humid regions, (ii) glaciated regions, (iii) flood plain areas, (iv) sea coastal areas, (v) rift valley zones etc.
◇ The highest glacial lake of India is Devtal which is located at the height of 17,745 feet AMSL in Garhwal Himalaya, Gaurikund is the second highest lake (height 18,200 feet AMSL) of the world.
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