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THE REVISION OF ELECTORAL ROLLS EXPLAINED Why in News The Supreme Court allowed Bihar’s Special Intensive Revision of electoral rolls to proceed, advising acceptance of Aadhaar, voter ID, or ration card as valid proof. Political parties have raised concerns about a new requirement to submit birth documents, fearing mass voter exclusion. Types of Electoral Roll Revisions Intensive Revision: House-to-house visits to rebuild rolls; used when existing rolls are outdated or flawed. Summary Revision: Annual update through public drafts; citizens can request changes without home visits. Special Revision: For exceptional needs or corrections; can follow either method. What is Happening in Bihar First Special Intensive Revision in over 20 years Combines house-to-house verification with use of old rolls New requirement: submit proof of birth or birthplace Initiated due to migration, urbanisation, and duplicate entries Bihar leads as Assembly polls are approaching Historical Context Major revisions since 1952 corrected flaws from early elections Women’s exclusion due to naming issues was a key concern From 1980s, focus shifted to preventing entry of ineligible voters 1990s: EPIC cards introduced during revisions Summary revisions became standard later to save costs But intensive revisions return when voter list credibility is at stake Legal Safeguards Voters cannot be excluded without proper inquiry and due process Old voter lists accepted as valid proof Citizenship doubts must be based on verified evidence Conclusion The Bihar case reflects a national effort to clean up voter rolls. But concerns remain about balancing verification with the right to vote.

Maratha Military Landscapes of India Inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site A proud moment for India as the iconic forts of the Maratha Empire receive global recognition. These historic military structures showcase the strategic genius, strength, and enduring legacy of the Marathas. Featured Sites: 1. Salher Fort – Nashik 2. Shivneri Fort – Junnar, Pune 3. Lohagad Fort – Lonavala 4. Khanderi Fort – Near Alibag 5. Raigad Fort – Raigad 6. Rajgad Fort – Near Bhor 7. Pratapgad Fort – Near Mahabaleshwar 8. Suvarnadurg Fort – Dapoli coast 9. Panhala Fort – Kolhapur 10. Vijaydurg Fort – Devgad 11. Sindhudurg Fort – Malvan 12. Gingee Fort – Viluppuram, Tamil Nadu Source: UNESCO World Heritage Centre

Current Affairs Update ✅ Bulgaria to Join Eurozone European Union Ministers have given the final green light for Bulgaria to adopt the euro from January 1, 2026, making it the 21st member of the single currency area. Know the Country – Bulgaria 🔹 Located in southeastern Europe, on the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula 🔹 Borders: Romania (N), Turkey & Greece (S), North Macedonia (SW), Serbia (W), and the Black Sea (E) 🔹 Capital: Sofia 🔹 Major Mountain Ranges: Balkan Mountains (central), Rhodope Mountains (south), Rila Mountains (highest peak – Mt. Musala, 2,925 m) 🔹 Rivers: Danube (north), Maritsa, Struma, Tundzha, Yantra, Iskur 🔹 Climate: Mostly moderate continental with Mediterranean influence in the south

Current Affairs Update ✅ Bulgaria to Join Eurozone European Union Ministers have given the final green light for Bulgaria to adopt the euro from January 1, 2026, making it the 21st member of the single currency area. Know the Country – Bulgaria 🔹 Located in southeastern Europe, on the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula 🔹 Borders: Romania (N), Turkey & Greece (S), North Macedonia (SW), Serbia (W), and the Black Sea (E) 🔹 Capital: Sofia 🔹 Major Mountain Ranges: Balkan Mountains (central), Rhodope Mountains (south), Rila Mountains (highest peak – Mt. Musala, 2,925 m) 🔹 Rivers: Danube (north), Maritsa, Struma, Tundzha, Yantra, Iskur 🔹 Climate: Mostly moderate continental with Mediterranean influence in the south