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It functions as a hormone regulating calcium metabolism. Its synthesis involves the skin, liver, and kidneys. Its deficiency affects bones. Which of the statements given above are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3 Explanation Statement 1 is correct: Vitamin D acts as a hormone in the body. It regulates calcium and phosphorus levels, which are essential for maintaining healthy bones and teeth. Statement 2 is correct: Vitamin D synthesis is a multi-step process. It is produced in the skin upon exposure to sunlight, then converted in the liver and finally activated in the kidneys. Statement 3 is correct: Vitamin D deficiency affects bones. It also impacts immune function, neuromuscular activity, and metabolic processes. Deficiency can lead to broader health issues beyond skeletal disorders. Thus, Vitamin D plays a crucial role in overall physiological functioning. Q5. Consider the following statements regarding Kali Tiger Reserve: It lies within the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot. It forms ecological connectivity with protected areas in Goa and Maharashtra. It is dominated entirely by tropical evergreen forests. Which of the statements given above are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only Explanation Statement 1 is correct: Kali Tiger Reserve is located in the Western Ghats, which is one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots known for high levels of endemism and species richness. Statement 2 is correct: The reserve is part of a larger ecological landscape and shares boundaries with protected areas in Goa and Maharashtra. This connectivity supports wildlife movement and genetic diversity. Statement 3 is incorrect: The vegetation in the reserve is not entirely tropical evergreen. It includes a mix of semi-evergreen forests, moist deciduous forests, bamboo patches, and grasslands. The reserve is important for landscape-level conservation and supports diverse flora and fauna, including apex predators.

Mega Quiz Correct Answer with Explanation Q1. Consider the following statements regarding Khanij Bidesh India Limited (KABIL): It is mandated to acquire overseas mineral assets through equity participation and long-term supply agreements. It is a statutory body established by an Act of Parliament. Its focus on lithium and cobalt is linked to India’s energy transition goals. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 3 only (b) 1 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Answer: (a) 1 and 3 only Explanation Statement 1 is correct: Khanij Bidesh India Limited (KABIL) is designed to secure overseas mineral resources through equity participation, joint ventures, and long-term offtake agreements. This helps India ensure a stable supply of critical minerals like lithium and cobalt, which are essential for emerging technologies. Statement 2 is incorrect: KABIL is not a statutory body. It is a joint venture company incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013. It is promoted by three CPSEs—NALCO, HCL, and MECL—and functions under the Ministry of Mines. Statement 3 is correct: Lithium and cobalt are crucial for lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles and renewable energy storage systems. Therefore, KABIL’s focus aligns with India’s commitments toward clean energy transition and reducing carbon emissions. KABIL represents a strategic shift from import dependence to securing upstream mineral assets globally. Q2. With reference to the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), consider the following statements: It is a region where Earth’s magnetic field is weaker than normal. It occurs because the inner Van Allen radiation belt comes closer to Earth’s surface. It increases protection of satellites from solar radiation. Which of the statements given above are incorrect? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Answer: (b) 3 only Explanation Statement 1 is correct: The South Atlantic Anomaly is a region where the Earth’s magnetic field is relatively weak compared to other parts of the planet. This weakness allows high-energy charged particles to penetrate deeper into the atmosphere. Statement 2 is correct: The anomaly exists because the inner Van Allen radiation belt comes closest to the Earth’s surface in this region. As a result, satellites passing through this zone experience increased radiation exposure. Statement 3 is incorrect: The SAA does not increase protection. Instead, it reduces the shielding effect of Earth’s magnetic field, exposing satellites and spacecraft to higher levels of radiation, which can damage electronic systems. This phenomenon is important for space technology as it affects satellite functioning and astronaut safety. Q3. Consider the following statements regarding Wular Lake: It is a tectonic lake that helps regulate floods in the Kashmir Valley. It is part of the Indus River system. Its degradation is mainly due to tectonic and natural processes. Which of the statements given above are correct? (a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Answer: (c) 1 and 2 only Explanation Statement 1 is correct: Wular Lake is a tectonic lake and plays a crucial role in flood moderation by acting as a natural reservoir for the Jhelum River. It helps absorb excess water during periods of high flow. Statement 2 is correct: The Jhelum River flows through Wular Lake and is a tributary of the Indus River. Therefore, Wular Lake is part of the Indus River system. Statement 3 is incorrect: The degradation of Wular Lake is primarily due to human activities such as encroachment, siltation, willow plantations, and pollution. Natural tectonic processes are not the main cause of its shrinkage. Wular Lake is an important wetland with ecological, hydrological, and economic significance. Q4. With reference to Vitamin D, consider the following statements:

Q5. Consider the following statements regarding Kali Tiger Reserve: It lies within the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot. It forms ecological connectivity with protected areas in Goa and Maharashtra. It is dominated entirely by tropical evergreen forests.

Q4. With reference to Vitamin D, consider the following statements: It functions as a hormone regulating calcium metabolism. Its synthesis involves the skin, liver, and kidneys. Its deficiency affects bones.

Q3. Consider the following statements regarding Wular Lake: It is a tectonic lake that helps regulate floods in the Kashmir Valley. It is part of the Indus River system. Its degradation is mainly due to tectonic and natural processes

Q2.With reference to the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), consider the following statements: It is a region where Earth’s magnetic field is weaker than normal. It occurs because the inner Van Allen radiation belt comes closer to Earth’s surface. It increases protection of satellites from solar radiation.

Q1. Consider the following statements regarding Khanij Bidesh India Limited (KABIL): It is mandated to acquire overseas mineral assets through equity participation and long-term supply agreements. It is a statutory body established by an Act of Parliament. Its focus on lithium and cobalt is linked to India’s energy transition goals.

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