𝙇𝙄𝙏𝙈𝘼𝙉𝙄𝘼: 𝙀𝙣𝙜𝙡𝙞𝙨𝙝 𝙇𝙞𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙚
𝑪𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒔 𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒎𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒂 𝒇𝒊𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒔𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒈𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒑 LITMANIA:English Literature- UG/PG/UGC-NET SOLUTION @LitMania_Literature
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What is The Wretched of the Earth about?The Wretched of the Earth (2021) is a seminal work examining the psychological effects of colonialism and advocating for revolutionary struggle against racist and colonial oppression. It has profoundly influenced civil rights, anti-colonial, Black consciousness, and psychiatric reform movements globally since its publication in 1961. The Wretched of the Earth Review The Wretched of the Earth (1961) by Frantz Fanon is a thought-provoking book that delves into the psychological and political effects of colonization. Here's why this book is worth reading: It offers a deep analysis of the dehumanizing impact of colonialism on individuals and communities, shedding light on an often ignored aspect of history. With its raw and powerful language, the book captures the emotional turmoil experienced by those living under colonial rule, making it a gritty and compelling read. It presents a call to action for decolonization and self-liberation, inspiring readers to critically examine power structures and pursue equality and justice. The Wretched of the Earth by Constance [translator] Fanon and Frantz Fanon is a powerful analysis of the effects of colonization and the struggle for independence, offering valuable insights into the psychological and political dimensions of decolonization movements.
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Shell ShockThe term shell shock was coined by soldiers to describe the psychological effects of battle during World War I. The fighting and bombardment of trench warfare were so relentless that doctors began noticing soldiers becoming afflicted with anxiety, nightmares, fatigue, and impaired sight and hearing. Many of them didn't have physical wounds that might explain these symptoms, so the doctors chalked up their symptoms to "nervous and mental shock." However, because the condition remained largely misunderstood, some of the soldiers afflicted with shell shock were mistakenly tried for desertion and cowardice. British medical officer Charles S. Myers studied the condition during the war and developed a treatment plan that included prompt treatment and psychotherapy. The army allowed him to set up four specialist units in December 1916 to manage milder cases of shell shock; more severe cases were treated at base hospitals.
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World War IWorld War I spanned the years 1914–18, engulfing the European continent and beyond. The main conflict involved the Central Powers, including Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey, which faced off against the Allies, including France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and the United States. While war had been brewing on the European continent, the spark that started the war was the assassination of the Austrian archduke Franz Ferdinand on June 28, 1914, in Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia. Austria-Hungary, with Germany as its ally, then declared war on Serbia. Russia joined soon thereafter as Serbia's ally, with France and Great Britain following suit, and the United States joining the Allies in 1917. The strategies and weapons used to fight World War I were more technologically advanced than those of previous wars. Armies used machine guns and other rapid-fire weapons, tanks, and chemical warfare in the form of nerve gas for the first time in combat. Such weapons swiftly created record numbers of mass casualties. Approximately nine million men died, and the total casualties (including those killed, wounded, taken prisoner, and missing) numbered more than half of the soldiers fighting in World War I. The new technology also ensured that much of the killing took place at a distance. In fact, opposing troops were much less likely to clash face-to face as they had previously done on a traditional battlefield. In order to protect themselves from this barrage, each side dug a series of parallel trenches in the earth, then tried to wear down the other side with bombardments so they could gain ground and send their soldiers ahead on foot. This led to slow and painful advances, and to high death tolls in which bodies piled up in "No Man's Land," the space between opposing trenches. Soldiers frequently remained in the often muddy trenches for days with rats and lice, causing even more to die from the disease-infested conditions. These new war strategies took a much larger mental toll on soldiers than in previous wars, and the notion that dying for one's country was a patriotic duty began to suffer as soldiers witnessed the mass carnage around them.
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Ain't I a Woman Speech
AUTHOR: Sojourner TruthYEAR DELIVERED: 1851 GENRE: Argument, History, Women's Studies AT A GLANCE At the Women's Rights Convention in Akron, Ohio, in 1851, Sojourner Truth responds to male speakers who considered women to be weaker than men, less intelligent than men, and placed below men by God. Truth uses her physical strength, her experiences, and her reason to refute their arguments and claim womanhood for women of color and those in poverty. Transcriptions of the speech were published in several forms and used as part of the abolitionist (antislavery) cause. Sojourner Truth's powerful speech remains one of the best examples of the voice of black women during the 19th-century push for women's rights. ABOUT THE TITLE The title of the speech "Ain't I a Woman?" is a rhetorical question—a question intended to create drama or make a point rather than elicit an answer. Sojourner Truth employs this persuasive device to force her audience to consider the place of women of color within the feminist movement.
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Absalom, Absalom!AUTHOR:William Faulkner YEAR PUBLISHED:1936 GENRE: Drama PERSPECTIVE AND NARRATOR The story shifts among the voices of several different narrators, each of whom has a different view of the events they describe; there is also some omniscient narration. ABOUT THE TITLE The title Absalom, Absalom! refers to the story of King David and his son Absalom in the Old Testament of the Bible (2 Samuel). While the novel's narrative does not follow the biblical story precisely, it includes parallels such as sibling incest, fratricide, and rebellion against the father. Absalom, Absalom! is a story of the American South spanning from the early years of the 19th century through the Civil War and on through Reconstruction to the narrative present in 1909. This crucial period of Southern history entails a host of influences and issues the novel takes up.
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AUTHOR
William Faulkner
YEAR PUBLISHED
1936
GENRE
Drama
PERSPECTIVE AND NARRATOR
The story shifts among the voices of several different
narrators, each of whom has a different view of the events they
describe; there is also some omniscient narration.
Absalom, Absalom! is a story of the American South spanning
from the early years of the 19th century through the Civil War
and on through Reconstruction to the narrative present in
1909. This crucial period of Southern history entails a host of
influences and issues the novel takes up.
The hermeneutics of suspicion is a style of literary interpretation in which texts are read with skepticism in order to expose their purported repressed or hidden meanings. This mode of interpretation was conceptualized by
Paul Ricœur, inspired by the works of what he called the three "masters of suspicion" (French: maîtres du soupçon): Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud, and Friedrich Nietzsche, who, he believed, shared a similar view of consciousness as false. Ricœur's term "school of suspicion" (French: école du soupçon) refers to his association of his theory with the writings of the three, who themselves never used this term, and was coined in Freud and Philosophy (1965).👍 7❤ 3
BRIEF BIOGRAPHY OF KALIDASA KALIDASALittle is known about Kalidasa, who is widely considered to be the greatest poet and dramatist who wrote in the Classical Sanskrit language (the language of religion and high culture in ancient and medieval India). It’s possible that he wrote under the patronage of the Gupta dynasty, which ruled most of the Indian subcontinent during his lifetime. He was probably a member of the brahmin (priestly) class, and the benedictions in the prologues of his plays suggest that he was a particular devotee of the gods Shiva and his consort Kali (“Kalidasa” means “servant of Kali”). The Recognition of Shakuntala is considered to be his masterpiece and it is widely translated, but he also wrote two other plays, Malavika and Agnimitra and Urvasi Won by Valor, as well as epic poems and other poetry. Kalidasa’s writings draw heavily from ancient Hindu texts, including the Ramayana and the Mahabharata—two vast Sanskrit epics filled with mythology and Hindu teachings.
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KEY FACTS• Full Title: The Last of the Mohicans (JAMES FENIMORE COOPER) • When Written: 1825 • Where Written: New York City • When Published: 1826 • Literary Period: The first wave of domestic American literary production • Genre: historical novel; frontier novel • Setting: The forests of upstate New York, near Lake George, 1757 • Climax: Magua murders Uncas and is killed by Hawkeye • Antagonist: Magua • Point of View: Third-person omniscient
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BRIEF BIOGRAPHY OF JULES VERNEJules Verne was born in the port city of Nantes, France. He began writing fiction and poetry while a schoolboy, but was sent to study law in Paris by his father, who was himself an attorney. From an early age, Verne was fascinated by maritime exploration and adventure. As a young man, he fell in love with two women who ended up marrying other men: first his cousin Caroline, then a young woman named Rose Herminie Arnaud Grossetière. Verne lived in Paris during the French Revolution of 1848. He frequented literary salons, and became friends with the writer Alexander Dumas. Although Verne’s father tried to force him to give up writing in favor of becoming a lawyer, Verne persisted, and ended up inventing a new genre: the Roman de la Science (novel of science), which is now regarded as an early form of science fiction. Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, published in 1870, is an example of this new genre of novel. Verne was a prolific writer, publishing two books a year for a number of years. He was wealthy and successful in his own time, and is remembered as one of the founders of science fiction. Having contracted diabetes, Verne died at home at the age of 77.
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