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پستهای کانال
| 2 | owned by @sixtynine | 351 |
| 3 | @serotonin & @dopamine | 1 758 |
| 4 |  🎈Is your english not as good as you wish it should be?
🎈Do you want to practice english but can't due to various circumstances?
🎈 Do you wish to learn english in a fun and easy manner?
📫 To solve the above issues join us and start learning
https://t.me/chatting
▶️ Join @Chatting | 1 827 |
| 5 | sticker.webp | 7 541 |
| 6 | 🔵 DEATH BY ARSENIC
🟢 *Phar Lap was a legendary racehorse that won many notable races. After its triumph in the famous Agua Caliente Handicap in 1932 in Mexico, the animal died in agony under mysterious circumstances while on tour in the USA.*
One of the suggestions at the time was that Phar Lap had been poisoned. Ivan M. Kempson (Academia Sinica, Taiwan) and Dermot A. Henry (Museum Victoria, Australia) have now subjected the horse’s hairs to a very thorough examination. As the researchers report in the journal Angewandte Chemie, the animal does indeed seem to have died of arsenic poisoning.
🟢 Traces of many substances that enter the body eventually also wind up in the hair, where they accumulate. Hair analysis has often been used to detect drug use or to posthumously uncover poisoning as the cause of death. After his death, Phar Lap was prepared and stuffed and displayed in Museum Victoria in Melbourne. “We were able to obtain small pieces of the hide and mane with the roots intact,” reports Kempson. They only examined hairs that were unquestionably still growing at the time of death. These were individually analyzed along their entire length with synchrotron X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy at the Advanced Photon Source in Chicago. This method detects even trace amounts of chemical elements because each element emits very characteristic radiation.
The scientists looked at the arsenic content of the hairs. “They found a small amount of arsenic that was relatively evenly distributed over all of the hairs. This is in agreement with the arsenic content of the chemicals used to preserve the hide,” says Kempson. “In addition, we found a considerably elevated arsenic content at the same distance from the root in each of the hairs we examined.”At the time of the horse’s death, this part of the hair was under the surface of the skin.
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🧪 @Serotonin ⚗️ | 7 315 |
| 7 | sticker.webp | 5 777 |
| 8 | 🔵 GOLD COMOLEXES AS ENHANCED ANALOGUES OF AN ANTI-CANCER DRUG
🟢 Cancer continues to be a leading cause of death, and the development of new anticancer drugs is important. So-called “pleiotropic” drugs, which have multiple effects and can address several cancer targets at once, might be able to provide a greater impact on and higher specificity for cancer cells. One could, for example, combine the effects of metals with those of intrinsically bioactive ligands to achieve “metal–drug synergism”. The coordination of an already active compound to a metal fragment often leads to complexes of higher selectivity, a lower risk of unwanted side effects, and a higher retention time due to improved stability.
🟢 AC1-004 (pictured) is a known inhibitor of the hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIF-1α), which is essential for tumor growth, angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels), and metastasis (the spread of cancer cells to other parts of the body). Rainer Schobert, University of Bayreuth, Germany, and colleagues have synthesized gold(I) complexes that are derived from AC1-004 (general structure pictured). They retained the benzimidazole unit of AC1-004 in the form of an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand and replaced its 2-aryloxymethyl residue with a thiolato gold(I) fragment. The team first prepared gold chlorido complexes and then exchanged the chlorido ligand for a thiolato ligand.
🟢 The researchers hoped to combine the HIF-1α inhibition with effects typical of NHC gold complexes, such as an inhibition of tumoral thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cytotoxic and antiangiogenic effects. They found that some of the complexes showed greater cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction in cancer cells, including resistant ones, than AC1-004 due to the desired multiple effects on cancer cells. The developed complexes could be useful starting points for further optimization.
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🧪 @Serotonin ⚗️ | 5 853 |
| 9 | sticker.webp | 3 892 |
| 10 | 🔵 CONSTRUCTION OF A WORLD SCALE LOW CARBON HYDROGEN PLANT.
🟢 INEOS is inviting tenders for the next phase of planning for a carbon, capture, and storage (CCS) enabled low-carbon hydrogen plant and a range of associated infrastructure projects at its site in Grangemouth, Scotland. This is the cornerstone of the “Road Map to Net Zero” for the Grangemouth site. The project is expected to be operational by 2030. Grangemouth is an integrated refining and petrochemicals center and INEOS’ largest production site by volume.
🟢 The carbon dioxide from this project will be routed into the Scottish Cluster’s Acorn CO2 Transport and Storage Project. More than 1 m tonnes of CO2 per year from the hydrogen plant will be piped through existing gas pipelines directly to the sea for permanent storage in rock formations deep below the North Sea.
🟢 The company says it is moving quickly to implement its Net Zero plans. This will involve replacing hydrocarbon fuels such as natural gas with clean, low-carbon hydrogen to power processes and produce key materials. INEOS has already invested over £500m (€599m) in active projects across the site, including investment in a new energy power plant due to come on stream at the end of 2023. This power plant is expected to reduce emissions by at least 150,000 tonnes of CO2 per year. Later, the new power plant will be converted to run on hydrogen, which should further reduce CO2 emissions.
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🧪 @Serotonin ⚗️ | 3 914 |
| 11 | sticker.webp | 3 120 |
| 12 | 🔵 RENEWABLE-BENZENE PRODUCED
🟢 Neste, Covestro, and the petrochemical company SK geo centric are collaborating to enable the production of a key polyurethane raw material based on renewable raw materials through mass balance. Under the collaboration, Neste will supply SK geo centric with renewable Neste RE™, an ISCC-certified raw material for polymers and chemicals that is made from 100 % renewable feedstocks such as waste, residual oils, and fats. SK geo centric will process this feedstock into benzene at the company’s facilities in South Korea and supply it to Covestro for use as a raw material for methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) at its site in Shanghai, China. MDI is an important raw material for the production of rigid polyurethane foam, which has a wide range of applications.
🟢 The cooperation is the start of a possible future collaboration between the three companies aimed at replacing fossil raw materials with more sustainable raw materials in the production of polymers and chemicals. According to the companies, replacing the usual oil-based fossil feedstock will lead to a significant reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, thus improving the carbon footprint of the polyurethane raw materials produced by Covestro and of downstream industries.
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🧪 @Serotonin ⚗️ | 3 188 |
| 13 | sticker.webp | 2 486 |
| 14 | 🔵 FIRST BIO AEROGEL COMPANY.
🟢 Aerogels are so-called super insulation materials that are extremely light and consist almost entirely of microscopic pores. As a result, they transport heat very poorly. Aerogel insulation, therefore, prevents heat loss much more than conventional material. Aerogels can be made from various substances, but, until now, they have been based almost exclusively on fossil or energy-intensively extracted raw materials, such as silicate minerals. In addition, aerogels have always been expensive due to their complex production.
🟢 The founders of aerogel-it have taken a technology originally developed by BASF a step further and, for the first time, produced a high-performance insulating material that is entirely of biological origin. With this bio-based and highly efficient aerogel insulation material, the start-up wants to contribute to decarbonization and energy efficiency in the building sector. The German Federal Foundation for the Environment (DBU) is supporting the project both technically and financially with 125,000 euros.
🟢 The material is made of lignin, the most important component of wood besides cellulose, which is, e.g., a by-product of the production of paper. The lignin bioaerogel has a tunable particle size ranging from 1–2 mm and density from 50–150 kg/m³. Its thermal conductivity is between 0.021–0.023 W/(m*K) at 10 °C when in a particle bed. The bioaerogel has a surface area of 250–350 m²/g and a pore volume of 1.9 cm³/g with a porosity of over 90 %. The aerogel insulation is thinner and lighter than conventional insulation, so it creates more space in buildings. Furthermore, the bio-based insulation material can be recycled or even reused.
🟢 In the future, the bio-superinsulation material can be used not only in buildings but also in refrigerators and functional clothing. Depending on the application, aerogel-it could produce powder, granulate, or boards. With the DBU funding, they want to advance research and test prototypes. Currently, the material is still under development. It is available at lab and pilot scale. Next year, the company plans to start up their production facility in Wallenhorst in the district of Osnabrück in Germany. To this end, aerogel-it is currently looking for investors.
🟢 The DBU’s Green Startup Programme supports start-ups that develop innovative and economically viable solutions for the environment, ecology, and sustainability.
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🧪 @Serotonin ⚗️ | 2 600 |
| 15 | sticker.webp | 1 870 |
| 16 | 🔵 USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT.
🟢 Wacker and CordenPharma, in partnership with Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany, and the Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany, have launched a project to accelerate the development of RNA-based drugs. The project aims to create a new generation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for RNA-based pharmaceuticals. These LNPs will be used to deliver RNA molecules, including messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), self-amplifying RNAs (saRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), which have different characteristics and can be used in various clinical applications.
🟢 The team will train a machine learning algorithm that can identify the best constituents for new RNA formulations based on the properties of the LNPs. The project will last for three years and will receive €1.4 million in funding from the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy. The final phase of the project will test the machine learning algorithm’s functionality in a specific application, aiming to allocate suitable formulations to any given RNA molecule. Overall, the project’s goal is to create new LNPs that can enhance the efficacy of RNA-based drugs and reduce the time and cost of their development.
🟢 LNPs are an essential component of RNA-based pharmaceuticals as they enable the delivery of RNA molecules to specific cells in the body. LNPs are made up of lipids and other materials that protect RNA molecules from being degraded in the bloodstream and help them penetrate the cell membrane. RNA-based drugs, such as mRNA vaccines, are a relatively new type of drug that have gained attention during the COVID-19 pandemic. These drugs have the potential to be more effective, have fewer side effects, and can be developed more quickly than traditional drugs.
🟢 Machine learning is a type of AI where computers learn and improve from experience. It analyzes large amounts of data to make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed. The algorithm is trained on a dataset and adjusts its models to improve performance. A key feature of machine learning is its ability to apply what it has learned to new, unseen data to make accurate predictions or decisions in real-world situations.
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🧪 @Serotonin ⚗️ | 2 080 |
| 17 | sticker.webp | 1 544 |
| 18 | 🔵 CLEANING AGENT AS A HEALTH HAZARD?
🟢 Øistein Svanes, University of Bergen, Norway, and colleagues have investigated long-term consequences of cleaning agents on respiratory health. They interviewed 6,230 people three times over a 20-year period, for example, on respiratory and allergic complaints, their job, whether they are doing sports, how they live, whether pets live in the household, or whether they smoke. In addition, the lung function of the subjects was examined. 85 % of the participating women said they would clean at least once a week at home, some worked as professional cleaners. Of the men, 46 % were regularly exposed to cleaning products.
🟢 For women who were cleaning at home or working as professional cleaners, lung function decreased significantly compared with those not engaged in cleaning. Both cleansing sprays and other cleansers seem to have a damaging effect that appeared after 10–20 years. According to the researchers, the effect on lung function was similar to that of smokers who smoke 20 cigarettes a day for 10–20 years.
🟢 For men, the chemical ingredients from detergents did not seem to affect pulmonary function. The team believes that men’s lungs may be more resilient than women’s respiratory systems. A phenomenon that has already been observed in connection with tobacco smoke or wood dust in the air. However, because the men in the sample cleaned less frequently, the basis of the evaluation was also thinner for them. An investigation with more male could possibly lead to different results.
🟢 Overall, the researchers conclude that certain cleaning products have a negative impact on the long-term health of the respiratory tract. They recommend being more aware of the possible consequences and to take precautions. Examples include: Provide adequate ventilation, wear a face mask, and, instead of using a chemical cleaner, use water or neutral cleaning agents where possible.
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🧪 @Serotonin ⚗️ | 1 700 |
| 19 | sticker.webp | 2 824 |
| 20 | 🔵 CLIMATE CHANGE MAKES WOOD LIGHTER.
🟢 Hans Pretzsch, Technical University of Munich, Germany, and colleagues have studied wood samples from common European species such as spruce, pine, beech, and oak to understand how climate change has impacted trees over the past 150 years. Using a state-of-the-art high-frequency probe technology, the specific gravity of the wood can be measured in an accuracy and resolution that until recently was unthinkable.
🟢 The data showed that, as expected, the volume growth of trees in Central Europe has increased significantly in recent decades. Depending on the species, the trees have grown 29 to 100 % in volume since 1900. In the same period, wood density has decreased by 8 to 12 %. The reason for this effect is faster growth but has also other reasons. The lower wood density could be related to the long-term increase in temperature and the associated increase in the growing season. In addition, nitrogen inputs from agriculture, transport, and industry could contribute to the effect.
🟢 The observations are bad news in two ways: First, lighter wood is less stable and its energy content is lower. This is crucial for many uses, from timber construction to energetic use. At the same time, less stable wood in living trees increases the risk of damaging events such as wind and snow breakage in forests. Secondly – and this is arguably the most important outcome for both practice and policy – the current climate-effective carbon sequestration of forests is overestimated because it is calculated using outdated wood densities. Due to lower wood density, trees store less CO2 than expected.
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🧪 @Serotonin ⚗️ | 3 151 |
