Learn with NITISH KUMAR

This is one of the earliest video on our channel. Though less confident voice but have explained all points with lucidity. Play it with full volume. Especially notes are very important

In News: COMCASA, LEMOA & BECA https://youtu.be/jf0ARzaeHvk

Explained: Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement (BECA) India and the United States have signed the Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement (BECA), which, along with the two agreements signed earlier the LEMOA and the COMCASA. Completing the troika The two agreements signed earlier are the Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement (LEMOA) and the Communications Compatibility and Security Agreement (COMCASA). This completes a troika of "foundational pacts" for deep military cooperation between the two countries. What is BECA? BECA will help India get real-time access to American geospatial intelligence that will enhance the accuracy of automated systems and weapons like missiles and armed drones. Through the sharing of information on maps and satellite images, it will help India access topographical and aeronautical data, and advanced products that will aid in navigation and targeting. Benefits of BECA This could be a key to Air Force-to-Air Force cooperation between India and the US. BECA will provide Indian military systems with a high-quality GPS to navigate missiles with real-time intelligence to precisely target the adversary. Besides the sailing of ships, flying off aircraft, fighting of wars, and location of targets, geospatial intelligence is also critical to the response to natural disasters. What was the LEMOA about? LEMOA was the first of the three pacts to be signed in August 2016. LEMOA allows the militaries of the US and India to replenish from each other's bases, and access supplies, spare parts and services from each other's land facilities, air bases, and ports, which can then be reimbursed. LEMOA is extremely useful for India-US Navy-to-Navy cooperation since the two countries are cooperating closely in the Indo-Pacific. What about the COMCASA? COMCASA was signed in September 2018, after the first 2+2 dialogue during Mrs. Swarajs' term as EAM. The pact allows the US to provide India with its encrypted communications equipment and systems so that Indian and US military commanders, and the aircraft and ships of the two countries, can communicate through secure networks during times of both peace and war. The signing of COMCASA paved the way for the transfer of communication security equipment from the US to India to facilitate "interoperability" between their forces. Join >> @dailynewscom

FIFTEENTH FINANCE COMMISSION Three years after it was constituted, the Fifteenth Finance Commission has finalised its report for fund devolution from the Centre to States for the five years from 2021-22 to 2025-26. FIFTEENTH FINANCE COMMISSION The Fifteenth Finance Commission (XV FC) was constituted on November 27, 2017. It was constituted against the backdrop of the abolition of the Planning Commission and the distinction between Plan and non-Plan expenditure, and introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST). WHAT IS THE FINANCE COMMISSION? The FC was established by the President of India in 1951 under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution. It was formed to define the financial relations between the central government of India and the individual state governments. The Finance Commission (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 1951 additionally defines the terms of qualification, appointment and disqualification, the term, eligibility and powers of the Finance Commission. As per the Constitution, the FC is appointed every five years and consists of a chairman and four other members. Since the institution of the First FC, stark changes in the macroeconomic situation of the Indian economy have led to major changes in the FC's recommendations over the years. 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁 Join >> @dailynewscom

WHAT ARE WESTERN DISTURBANCES? With the approaching winter, minimum temperatures in the national capital have trended downward over the last due to the arrival of northwesterly winds called Western Disturbances. WESTERN DISTURBANCES : A western disturbance is an extratropical storm originating in the Mediterranean region that brings sudden winter rain to the northwestern parts of the Indian subcontinent. It is a non-monsoonal precipitation pattern driven by the westerlies. The moisture in these storms usually originates over the Mediterranean Sea, the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea. Extratropical storms are global phenomena with moisture usually carried in the upper atmosphere, unlike their tropical counterparts where the moisture is carried in the lower atmosphere. In the case of the Indian subcontinent, moisture is sometimes shed as rain when the storm system encounters the Himalayas. Western disturbances are more frequent and strong in the winter season. THEIR SIGNIFICANCE : Western disturbances, specifically the ones in winter, bring moderate to heavy rain in low-lying areas and heavy snow to mountainous areas of the Indian Subcontinent. They are the cause of most winter and pre-monsoon season rainfall across northwest India. Precipitation during the winter season has great importance in agriculture, particularly for the rabi crops. Wheat among them is one of the most important crops, which helps to meet India's food security. An average of four to five western disturbances forms during the winter season. The rainfall distribution and amount vary with every western disturbance. 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁 Join >> @dailynewscom

#SSB_LECTURETTE India as a Superpower https://youtu.be/ahmXYX4Zd9k

Prime Minister Narendra Modi takes a tour of ‘Arogya Van’ in Kevadia after inaugurating it. • The park has hundreds of medicinal plants and herbs and also provides information about their usage and importance.

Maharashtra golden-backed frog found in Sahyadri Tiger Reserve • Wildlife researchers have documented the presence of the Maharashtra golden-backed frog (Indosylvirana caesari) for the first time from the Sahyadri Tiger Reserve (STR) in the Western Ghats. • There has been very little research and hardly any information available about these species, their reproduction, and other scientific evidence. • The amphibian was earlier reported at Amboli, Sindhudurg. • Endemic to the Western Ghats, the rare species is one of the six species of golden-backed frogs (four from Kerala and one each from Karnataka and Maharashtra). • Of these, the Maharashtra golden-backed frog was found in Amboli and Sindhudurg. The species was named after wildlife photographer and well-known pathologist Caesar Sengupta. • The Maharashtra golden-backed frog differs from other members of its group based on characteristic features of its body and the sharper golden colour on its back.

FENI BRIDGE • Union Road Transport Minister Nitin Gadkari announced that the 1.8 kilometre long Feni bridge connecting Sabrum in India with Ramgarh in Bangladesh will be completed by December this year. • Name: Feni Bridge is known as Maitree Setu in Chattogram. • Location: The bridge is being built over the Feni River and will connect Tripura with Chittagong port of Bangladesh. • Timeline: The foundation of the bridge was laid in 2015 jointly by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. The project is scheduled to be completed by April next year. • Agencies Involved: The bridge is being constructed by the National Highways Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd of Ministry of Road and Transport highways, Government of India. • Significance: It will provide direct road connectivity between South Tripura and Chittagong allowing India to use Chittagong as a “port of call" and promoting trade, tourism and people-to-people ties.

• The Malabar series of Naval exercises started in 1992 as a bilateral Indian Navy-US Navy exercise. • Japan joined the Naval exercise in 2015. • As India seeks to increase cooperation with other countries in the maritime security domain and in the light of increased defence cooperation with Australia, Malabar 2020 will see the participation of the Australian Navy. • The exercise strengthens the coordination between the Navies of the participating countries. • The participants engage to enhance safety and security in the maritime domain. They collectively support free, open and inclusive Indo-Pacific and remain committed to a rules based international order.

Documents announced during the 3rd India-US 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue: 1. Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement between the Ministry of Defence, Government of India and the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), Deparment of Defence of United States of America. 2. MoU for Technical Cooperation in Earth Observations and Earth Sciences. 3. Agreement for the Electronic Exchange of Customs Data between the Postal Operators. 4. Arrangement extending the duration of the Memorandum of Understanding between India and the USA. 5. Letter of Intent between the Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi and the Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Cancer Institute, Government of the USA for cooperation in the field of Ayurveda and Cancer Research.

Place in news: Bundi Part of: GS Prelims and GS-I – Architecture In news The Ministry of Tourism’s Dekho Apna Desh Webinar series titled “Bundi: Architectural Heritage of a Forgotten Rajput Capital” focused on Bundi, Rajasthan recently. Key takeaways Bundi is a district in the Hadoti region of Rajasthan. It was the erstwhile capital of Hada Rajput province It is also known as City of stepwalls, blue city. It was also known as Chotti Kashi owing to presence of over hundred temples within and around the hada capital. Temples constructed in early phase of Bundi’s growth were in classical Nagara style. In later phases new temple typologies emerged from amalgamation of architectural form of traditional haveli with the classical Nagara style. Jain temples formed third type of temple type constructed A fourth temple type emerged in the form of a raised or elevated temple. Absence of monumentality in their scale is a distinctive feature of temples in Bundi. 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁 Join >> @dailynewscom

Explained: Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement (BECA) India and the United States have signed the Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement (BECA), which, along with the two agreements signed earlier the LEMOA and the COMCASA. Completing the troika The two agreements signed earlier are the Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement (LEMOA) and the Communications Compatibility and Security Agreement (COMCASA). This completes a troika of "foundational pacts" for deep military cooperation between the two countries. What is BECA? BECA will help India get real-time access to American geospatial intelligence that will enhance the accuracy of automated systems and weapons like missiles and armed drones. Through the sharing of information on maps and satellite images, it will help India access topographical and aeronautical data, and advanced products that will aid in navigation and targeting. Benefits of BECA This could be a key to Air Force-to-Air Force cooperation between India and the US. BECA will provide Indian military systems with a high-quality GPS to navigate missiles with real-time intelligence to precisely target the adversary. Besides the sailing of ships, flying off aircraft, fighting of wars, and location of targets, geospatial intelligence is also critical to the response to natural disasters. What was the LEMOA about? LEMOA was the first of the three pacts to be signed in August 2016. LEMOA allows the militaries of the US and India to replenish from each other's bases, and access supplies, spare parts and services from each other's land facilities, air bases, and ports, which can then be reimbursed. LEMOA is extremely useful for India-US Navy-to-Navy cooperation since the two countries are cooperating closely in the Indo-Pacific. What about the COMCASA? COMCASA was signed in September 2018, after the first 2+2 dialogue during Mrs. Swarajs' term as EAM. The pact allows the US to provide India with its encrypted communications equipment and systems so that Indian and US military commanders, and the aircraft and ships of the two countries, can communicate through secure networks during times of both peace and war. The signing of COMCASA paved the way for the transfer of communication security equipment from the US to India to facilitate "interoperability" between their forces. Join >> @dailynewscom

Join >> @dailynewscom

Indira Rasoi Yojana: Rajasthan Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – Policies and interventions In news Recently, Indira Rasoi Yojana was in the news. Over 50 lakh people have benefited from the scheme in Rajasthan. The scheme was launched in August 2020. Key takeaways Aim: To provide nutritious food to the poor and needy twice a day at concessional rates. Under the scheme, each plate serves 100 grams of pulses and vegetables each, 250 grams of chapati and pickles. Implementation: Local voluntary organisations Monitoring: A committee headed by the District Collector monitors the scheme. A special app has also been created for monitoring the food quality. Target: To serve 1.34 lakh people per day in the state. 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁 Join >> @dailynewscom 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁

Sudan and Israel agree to Normalise Relations Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – International Relations In news Recently, in a deal brokered by the USA, Sudan and Israel have agreed to normalise relations to end decades of hostility. Key takeaways In the initial phase, there will be no exchange of ambassadors or a mutual establishment of embassies. With this agreement, Israel will complete the creation of a safety cordon in the Red Sea, which currently includes Egypt, Jordan, South Sudan and Saudi Arabia. Sudan has been at war with Israel since its foundation in 1948. It has now become the third country to forge diplomatic relations with Israel in recent times. The USA has also brokered diplomatic pacts between Israel and the UAE and Bahrain earlier to normalise their relations. The deal would deepen Sudan’s engagement with the West. USA has also agreed to remove Sudan from its blacklist of countries accused of sponsoring terrorism. The deal is also aimed at unifying Arab countries against their common rival Iran. 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁 Join >> @dailynewscom