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■ Operation Vijay: • Unlike the rest of the country, Goa didn’t get independence on August 15th of 1947. • Goa was still under the control of the Portuguese until Operation Vijay happened in 1961. • The Portuguese had invaded their way into Goa long back in 1510. They had come to India and colonised their invaded land long before the British, in fact. • The Portuguese didn’t leave India in 1947. • When the Portuguese refused to give up control of the state in 1947, India’s first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, started trying different non-violent ways to resolve the issue. But all his efforts of peaceful and diplomatic negotiations were rendered useless. • In 1955, he imposed an economic blockade on Goa, but even that did not deter the Portuguese power to leave the Indian soil. • So in 1961, Mr Nehru decided that there was no alternative option left for military intervention. He orchestrated a military attack on Goa on December 18 of that year and code-named it ‘Operation Vijay’, which translates to ‘Operation Victory'.  • On 19th December 1961, Goa’s deposed Governor-general Manuel António Vassalo e Silva officially surrendered to the Indian forces. • Not only Goa got freedom. Portuguese controlled places like Daman and Diu and Anjadip Island also got freedom. • After getting freedom, Goa became a Union Territory by 12th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1962. • Goa got statehood in 1987 and became the 25th state of India. Panaji is the capital of Goa. Join >> @upscscaleup

■ Operation Vijay: • Unlike the rest of the country, Goa didn’t get independence on August 15th of 1947. • Goa was still under the control of the Portuguese until Operation Vijay happened in 1961. • The Portuguese had invaded their way into Goa long back in 1510. They had come to India and colonised their invaded land long before the British, in fact. • The Portuguese didn’t leave India in 1947. • When the Portuguese refused to give up control of the state in 1947, India’s first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, started trying different non-violent ways to resolve the issue. But all his efforts of peaceful and diplomatic negotiations were rendered useless. • In 1955, he imposed an economic blockade on Goa, but even that did not deter the Portuguese power to leave the Indian soil. • So in 1961, Mr Nehru decided that there was no alternative option left for military intervention. He orchestrated a military attack on Goa on December 18 of that year and code-named it ‘Operation Vijay’, which translates to ‘Operation Victory'.  • On 19th December 1961, Goa’s deposed Governor-general Manuel António Vassalo e Silva officially surrendered to the Indian forces. • Not only Goa got freedom. Portuguese controlled places like Daman and Diu and Anjadip Island also got freedom. • After getting freedom, Goa became a Union Territory by 12th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1962. • Goa got statehood in 1987 and became the 25th state of India. Panaji is the capital of Goa.

PADMA AWARDS  Jan. 27, 2022 This year the President has approved conferment of 128 Padma Awards including 2 duo case (in a duo case, the Award is counted as one).  About: The list comprises 4 Padma Vibhushan, 17 Padma Bhushan and 107 Padma Shri Awards. 34 of the awardees are women and the list also includes 10 persons from the category of Foreigners/NRI/PIO/OCI and 13 Posthumous awardees. Padma Vibhushan (4) Prabha Atre (Art) Shri Radheyshyam Khemka - Posthumous (Literature and Education) General Bipin Rawat - Posthumous (Civil Service) Shri Kalyan Singh - Posthumous (Public Affairs)   Padma Bhushan(17) Shri Ghulam Nabi Azad (Public Affairs) Shri Victor Banerjee (Art) Gurmeet Bawa – Posthumous (Art) Shri Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee (Public Affairs) Shri Natarajan Chandrasekaran (Trade and Industry) Shri Krishna Ella and Smt. Suchitra Ella – Duo (Trade and Industry) Madhur Jaffery (Others-Culinary) Shri Devendra Jhajharia (Sports) Shri Rashid Khan (Art) Shri Rajiv Mehrishi (Civil Service) Shri Satya Narayana Nadella (Trade and Industry) Shri Sundararajan Pichai (Trade and Industry) Shri Cyrus Poonawalla (Trade and Industry) Shri Sanjaya Rajaram – Posthumous (Science and Engineering) Pratibha Ray (Literature and Education) Swami Sachidanand (Literature and Education) Shri Vashishth Tripathi (Literature and Education) Join >> @upscscaleup

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