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■ Election Commission grants national party status to AAP: • The Election Commission of India (ECI) on April 10 granted the status of a national party to the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP), while also withdrawing this status from the Trinamool Congress (TMC) party, Nationalist Congress Party (NCP), and the Communist Party of India (CPI). • With the latest move, the number of national parties in India has come down to six — Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), Congress, CPI(M), Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), National People’s Party (NPP) and the AAP. • To earn a national party status, a political outfit needs to be recognised as State party in four States and have at least two members in the respective Legislative Assemblies, according to the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) order, 1968.

✈️ Exercise Cope India 2023: • Exercise Cope India 2023 is a bilateral Air Exercise between the Indian Air Force (IAF) and the United States Air Force (USAF) is being held at Air Force Stations Arjan Singh (Panagarh), Kalaikunda and Agra. • The exercise aims to enhance mutual understanding between the two Air Forces and share their best practices.

■ Stand Up India scheme: • The Stand Up India scheme was launched on April 5, 2016. □ Objective: • The objective of the Stand-Up India scheme is to facilitate bank loans between 10 lakh and 1 Crore to at least one Scheduled Caste (SC) or Scheduled Tribe (ST) borrower and at least one woman borrower per bank branch for setting up a greenfield enterprise.

📰 Only 9.3% of loans under scheme for street vendors given to those from minority communities: Govt. data: • A total of 42.7 lakh loans amounting to ₹5,152.37 crore had been disbursed to street vendors under the PM SVANidhi scheme out of which only 3.98 lakh or 9.3% were to hawkers from the minority communities, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs told the Rajya Sabha. • According to the data shared by the Ministry, the State-wise disbursal of loans seemed to be aligned with its population, with Uttar Pradesh disbursing the maximum number of loans at 11,22,397, while Sikkim gave out just one loan. • Incidentally, Uttar Pradesh also gave the largest number of loans to hawkers from minority communities at 95,032. □ About PM Street Vendor’s AtmaNirbhar Nidhi (PM SVANidhi): • The PM SVANidhi is a micro-credit scheme which was launched by the government on 2nd July, 2020 to provide handholding support to street vendors to tide over pandemic-induced economic stress. • It facilitates collateral-free loans of ₹10,000, with subsequent loans of ₹20,000 and ₹50,000 with 7% interest subsidy.

🗞 Centre ‘appropriate’ party to respond to plea on disqualified lawmakers, says EC: • The Election Commission in the Supreme Court has chosen to maintain a distance on the question whether a disqualified lawmaker should be banned from contesting elections for five years. • The commission said it would be “appropriate” to have the Union government deal with the issue. • The petitioner contended that an MP or an MLA who has either been disqualified from the House under the Tenth Schedule (anti-defection law) or under Article 191(1)(e) of the Constitution should be barred from contesting elections for five years. • Article 191(1)(e) gives the various grounds of disqualification “for being chosen as, and for being a member of the Legislative Assembly or Legislative Council of a State”. • They include holding an office of profit, being of unsound mind or undischarged solvent or being a non-citizen or voluntarily acquiring the citizenship of a foreign state or being under any acknowledgment of allegiance or adherence to a foreign state. • The issue involved in this matter pertains to the interpretation of Article 191(1)(e) of the Constitution. It relates to matters that do not have a nexus with the conduct of elections in terms of the remit of the Commission under Article 324. • The Election Commission is a body established under Article 324 of the Constitution. It is vested with the authority of superintendence, direction, and control of elections for the conduct of elections to Parliament, State Legislatures and the offices of the President and the Vice-President. • Article 191 - Disqualification for memberships. • Article 324 - Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/centre-appropriate-party-to-respond-to-plea-on-disqualified-lawmakers-says-ec/article66695237.ece

🐅 Project Tiger: • The Government of India under then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi launched “Project Tiger” at Corbett National Park on 1st April 1973 to increase the declining tiger population and promote their conservation in India. • "Project Tiger" has been the largest species conservation initiative of its kind in the world. • At present, India has 53 Tiger reserves which are governed by Project Tiger which is administrated by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA). • The 53 Tiger reserves cover more than 75,000 sq km (approximately 2.4% of the country's geographical area) of tiger habitat. • The Project Tiger Division and National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) under Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change are committed towards protecting tiger, India's iconic species, through law enforcement, enhanced protection of tiger reserves using advanced technological tools. • Under section 38V (1) of the Wild Life Protection Act 1972, “The state government shall on the recommendation of the tiger conservation authority, notify an area as Tiger Reserve”. So, it becomes mandatory for the state to accept the recommendation. • No alteration in the boundaries of a tiger reserve shall be made except on a recommendation of the National Tiger Conservation Authority and the approval of the National Board for Wild Life. • No State Government shall de-notify a tiger reserve, except in public interest with the approval of the National Tiger Conservation Authority and the approval of the National Board for Wild Life. • With a current population of about 3,000 tigers, India is home to more than 70% of the global wild tiger population and their number is increasing at 6% per annum. • Countries with tiger populations (India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Russia, Thailand and Vietnam) in 2010 committed to doubling their number of big cats by 2022. • India met its target in 2018, four years ahead of schedule. • International Tiger Day (Global Tiger Day) is observed every year on July 29 to raise awareness about tiger conservation.

🔆Akbar ✅ Akbar was Son of Humayun. ✅ Akbar’s position was in dangerous when he succeeded his father Humayun as Delhi was seized by the Afghans. ✅ In 1556, in the second battle of Panipat, Akabar defeated Hemu and the army of Heme fled which made the victory of Mughal decisive. ✅ During the first 5 years of Akbar’s reign, Bairam Khan acted as his regent. ▪️Akbar relations with Rajpoot ✅ Akbar married the Rajput Princess Jodhabai, the daughter of Raja Bharmal. ✅For four generation, the Rajputs served the Mughals and many served in the positions of military generals as well. ✅ Akbar appointed Raja Man Singh and Raja Bhagawan Das in the senior position of the Mughal Administration. ✅ Though majority of the Rajput states surrendered to Akbar, the Ranas of Mewar continued to confront even though they were defeated several times. ✅ In 1576, the Mughals Army defeated Rana Pratap Singh in the battle of Haldighati, following the defeat of Mewar, other leading Rajput leaders surrendered to Akbar and accepted his Akbar’s policy towards Rajput was combined with a broad religious toleration. ✅ He abolished the pilgrim tax and later the jiziya. ▪️Akbar’s Religious Policy: ✅ He allowed his Hindu wives to worship their own gods. ✅ In 1575, Akbar built Ibadat Khana (House of worship) at his new capital Fatepur Sikri and invited scholars from all religions like Christianity, Hinduism, Jainism, and Zoroastrianism. ✅ He did not like the intrusion of the Muslim Ulemas in political matters. ✅ In 1579, he delivered the “Infallibility Decree” and proclaimed his religious powers. ✅ In 1582, he propagated a new religion called Din Ilahi or Divine Faith. ▪️About Din Ilahi of Akbar: ✅ The new religion believed in one God. ✅ It had all the good points of every religion. ✅ It didn’t endorse any philosophy. ✅ It aimed at bridging the gap that separated different religions. ✅ The new religion had only 15 followers including Birbal. ✅ Akbar did not compel anyone to join his new religion. ✅However, the new religion proved to be a failure, after Akbar’s death. ▪️Land Revenue Administration of Akbar: ✅ With the help of Raja Todar Mal, Akbar experimented on the land revenue administration, which was completed in 1580. ✅The land revenue system was called Zabti or Bandobast system or Dahsala System. ✅ The revenue was fixed on the average yield of land measured on the basis of previous ten years. ✅The land was divided into four categories 🔸Polaj (cultivated every year) 🔸 Parauti (once in two years) 🔸 Chachar (once in three or four years) 🔸Banjar (once in five or more years) ▪️Mansabdari System of Akbar ✅ Akbar introduced the Mansabdari system in his administration ✅ Under this system every officer was assigned a rank (Mansab) ✅ Lowest rank was 10 and the highest was 5000 for the nobles. ✅ Princes of royal blood received even higher ranks. ✅ The ranks were divided into two – Zat and Sawar. 🔸Zat means personal and it fixed the personal status of a person. 🔸 Sawar rank indicated the number of cavalrymen of a person who was required to maintain. 🔸 Every sawar had to maintain at least two horses. ✅ All appointments, promotions and dismissals were directly made by the emperor. #PYQanalysis Join https://t.me/bpscupsc_essay_writing

68th BPSC Essay Writing Enrichment Program: As per candidates requests, Will start Essay Writing Evaluation Program soon for 68th and 69th BPSC STAY TUNED! In this program i personally will check and evaluate copies of each and everyone. In this program only 20 candidates will be selected to whom I'll be guiding throughout their exam regarding ESSAY WRITING ✍️ https://t.me/bpscupsc_essay_writing

🥇🔥🌼🌺🌾🔴💐💯📝 For those who have cleared NDS/CDS & AFCAT Written examination! This playlist is important for them in their further preparation for SSB📝💯💐🔴👇👇👇 SSB Lecturette and GD TOPICS: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLcS4eOE46bBw6HzH8Fk7YNpJuNrvvBPly

■ Disqualification of an MP: • Recently, a notice issued by Lok Sabha Secretariat said Rahul Gandhi stood disqualified from the House from March 23, the day of his conviction. □ How MPs can be disqualified? • Disqualification of a lawmaker is prescribed in 3 situations. 1) Articles 102(1) and 191(1) enable disqualification of a member of Parliament and Legislative Assembly, respectively. The grounds include holding an office of profit, being of unsound mind or insolvent or not having valid citizenship. 2) The 10th Schedule of the Constitution provides for disqualification of members on grounds of defection. 3) The Representation of The People Act (RPA), 1951 provides for disqualification for conviction in criminal cases. □ What does Representation of the People Act say? • Section 9 deals with disqualification for dismissal for corruption or disloyalty, and for entering into government contracts while being a lawmaker. • Section 10 deals with disqualification for failure to lodge an account of election expenses. • Section 8 deals with disqualification for conviction of offences. The provision is aimed at "preventing criminalisation of politics" and keeping 'tainted' lawmakers from contesting elections. • Section 8(3) states: "A person convicted of any offence and sentenced to imprisonment for not less than 2 years shall be disqualified from the date of such conviction and shall continue to be disqualified for a further period of 6 years since his release." □ How does the Disqualification Operate? • The disqualification can be reversed if a higher court grants a stay on the conviction or decides the appeal in favour of the convicted lawmaker. • Significantly, the stay cannot merely be a suspension of sentence under Section 389 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), but a stay of conviction. • This means that Rahul Gandhi's first appeal would be before the Surat Sessions Court and then before Gujarat High Court.

Admit Card Out CDS(I), 2023 🔗https://upsconline.nic.in/eadmitcard/admitcard_cdsi_2023/instructions.php

🌩️ States demand that lightning be declared a natural disaster: • A few States have demanded that “lightning” be declared as a “natural disaster” because deaths caused by it surpass any other disaster in the country. • According to present norms, cyclone, drought, earthquake, fire, flood, tsunami, hailstorm, landslide, avalanche, cloudburst, pest attack, frost and cold waves are considered as disasters that are covered under the State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF), 75% of which is funded by the Centre. • Lightning characteristics are different for different regions, the prevalence is more at night and the early hours in hilly States and more during the day in the plains. That is why deaths occur more in the plains. • Farmers are the most affected and the number of deaths are more during the rainy season. • India is among only five countries in the world that had early warning system for lightning, the forecast is available from five days to up to three hours in advance of the predicted event.

✅✅Important Judgements ✅Kesavananda Bharati vs State of Kerala: SC ascribed to itself the function of preserving the integrity of the Indian Constitution. The basic structure doctrine was put forward in this case and has survived to date as one of the most enduring judicial pronouncements. ✅Maneka Gandhi vs UoI: SC introduced Due Process jurisprudence. It said that post this case A21 would be read as "No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to fair, just, and reasonable procedure established by valid law." ✅Md. Ahmad Khan vs Shah Bano Begum: SC delivered a unanimous verdict that whether the spouses were Hindu, Muslim, Christian, Parsis, pagans or heathens was irrelevant, she would be entitled to maintainence from her husband under section 125 of the CrPC. Overturned by later laws. ✅ Olga Tellis vs Bombay Municipal Corporation: SC ruled in favor of the BMC provision which was the basis for eviction of the slum dwellers but also asserted that the state must provide for alternative housing for the slum dwellers. It upheld the right to livelihood under A21. ✅Union Carbide Corporation vs UoI: This case exposed that legislation in India has always been reactive & not proactive. When the Bhopal tragedy occured there were no laws specifically dealing with the same. Related IPC provisions allowed a max imprisonment of upto 2 yr ✅ Indra Sawhney vs UoI: SC said that Hindu caste system could be used to determine whether a class was backward or not. For others communities who did not believe in caste other socio-economic factors would be taken into account to determine whether they were backward or not. ✅ Supreme Court AoR Association vs UoI 1st case: Collegium would now consist of 4 of the senior most judges 2nd case: Introduced the concept of a collegium of two senior most judges of the SC or the HC. 3rd case: Collegium would now consist of 4 of the senior most judges. ✅Vishaka vs State of Rajasthan: The SC set out 8 guidelines, based on the CEDAW, which would serve to protect women from sexual harassment in the workplace till the time an appropriate law was put in place to do the same. ✅Aruna Shanbaug vs UoI: In the Aruna Shanbaug case the SC distinguished between two forms of euthanasia, active and passive. It made a distinction between the two while allowing passive euthanasia in certain cases & maintaining that active euthanasia would be tantamount to murder. ✅ Justice Puttaswamy vs UoI: SC held that right to privacy is an FR. Overruled past SC judgements such as Kharak Singh, ADM Jabalpur in the way.

🗞️ Explained: Why is crypto trade within PMLA ambit? • To further tighten the loosely regulated crypto market, the Finance Ministry said that all virtual digital assets (VDAs) will come within the ambit of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA). □ What is the PMLA? • The anti-money laundering legislation was passed by the National Democratic Alliance government in 2002, and came into force on July 1, 2005. • The PMLA was showcased as India’s commitment to the Vienna Convention on combating money laundering, drug trafficking, and countering the financing of terror (CFT). • The law was aimed at curbing the process of converting illegally earned money into legal cash. • The Act empowered the Enforcement Directorate (ED) to control money laundering, confiscate property, and punish offenders. □ What does this move mean for crypto? • Indian crypto exchanges will have to report any suspicious activity related to buying or selling of cryptocurrency to the Financial Intelligence Unit – India (FIU-IND). • This central agency is responsible for receiving, processing, analysing, and disseminating information related to suspicious financial transactions to law enforcement agencies and overseas FIUs. • In its analysis, if the FIU-IND finds wrongdoing, it will alert the ED. • Under Section 5 and 8(4) of the Act, the ED has discretionary powers to search and seize suspected property without any judicial permission. □ Why is the government tightening the legislative grip on digital trade? • For a little more than a decade, cryptocurrencies, non-fungible tokens (NFT) and other digital assets enjoyed a regulation-free environment. • But, in the past couple of years, as the use of digital assets has gone mainstream, regulators have turned hawkish. • In India, according to a survey conducted by crypto exchange KuCoin, over 10 crore Indians have invested in cryptocurrencies. □ What about regulation in other countries? • According to PwC’s ‘Global Crypto Regulations Report 2023’, a large proportion of countries are at various stages of drafting regulations around crypto. • Most countries have already brought digital assets under anti-money laundering laws. • Singapore, Japan, Switzerland, and Malaysia have legislations on regulatory framework. • The U.S., U.K., Australia, and Canada have initiated plans on regulating. • So far, China, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia have issued a blanket ban on cryptocurrency. • The EU is also preparing a cross-jurisdictional regulatory and supervisory framework for crypto-assets. • The framework seeks to provide legal clarity, consumer and investor protection, and market integrity while promoting innovation in digital assets.