Agriculture one liner notes

🗓 8th May : World Red Cross       विश्व रेड क्रॉस दिवस Theme 2024 : "I give with joy, and the joy I give is a reward" ❣ Red Cross Day was adopted on May 08, 1948 and it was officially declared as World Red Cross (or Red Crescent Day). ❣ First Red Cross Day was celebrated in 1948. ❣ This date is the anniversary of the birth of Henry Dunant, who was born on 8 May 1828. ❣ He was the founder of International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the recipient of the first Nobel Peace Prize. ❣ International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) 🔶Danish Red Cross Launched the World’s First Volcano Cat Bond 🏢 ICRC : International Committee for Red Cross 🔻 Formation : 1863 🔻 HQ : Geneva, Switzerland 🔻 D.G : Yves Daccord =•=•=•=•=•=•=•=•=•=•=•=• ❇️ 8th May 🩸 World Thalassemia Day      विश्व थैलेसीमिया दिवस Theme 2023  : "'Be aware. Share. Care.' An inherited blood disorder that causes your body to have less hemoglobin than normal.

Different types of disease symptoms ✅Necrosis : It indicates the death of cells, tissues and organs resulting from infection by pathogen. Necrotic symptoms include spots, blights, burn, canker, streaks, stripes, damping-off, rot etc. ✅Wilt : Withering and drooping of a plant starting from some leaves to growing tip occurs suddenly or gradually. Wilting takes place due to blockage in the translocation system caused by the pathogen. ✅Die-back: Drying of plant organs such as stem or branches which starts from the tip and progresses gradually towards the main stem or trunk is called die-back or wither tip. ✅Mildew: White, grey or brown coloured superficial growth of the pathogen on the host surface is called mildew. ✅Rusts : Numerous small pustules growing out through host epidermis which gives rusty (rust formation on iron) appearance of the affected parts. ✅Smuts : Charcoal-like and black or purplish-black dust like masses developed on the affected plant parts, mostly on floral organs as inflorescence are called smut. ✅Blotch : A large area of discolouration of a leaf, fruit etc. giving a blotchy appearance. ✅White blisters : Numerous white coloured blister-like ruptures are surfaced on the host epidermis that forms powdery masses of spores of fungi. They are called white blisters or white rust. ✅Colour change : It denotes conversion of green pigment of leaves into other colours mostly to yellow colour, in patches or covering the entire leaves. (i) Etioliation: Yellowing due to lack of light, (ii) Chlorosis: Yellowing due to infection viruses, bacteria, fungi, low temperature lack of iron etc. (iii) Albino: Lack of any pigment and turned into white or bleached (iv) Chromosis: Red, purple or orange pigmentation due to physiological orders etc. ✅Exudation : Such symptom is commonly found in bacterial diseases when masses of bacterial cells ooze out to the surface of affected plant parts and form some drops or smear, it is called exudation. This exudation forms a crust on the host surface after drying. ✅Overgrowth : Excessive growth of the plant parts due to infection by pathogens. Overgrowth takes place by two processes (i) Hyperplasia : abnormal increase in size due to excessively more cell division (ii) Hypertrophy : abnormal increase in size or shape due to excessive enlargement of the size of cell of a particular tissue. ✅Atrophy: It is known as hypoplasia or dwarfing which is resulted from the inhibition of growth due to reduction in cell division or cell size. ✅Sclerotia: These are dark and hard structures of various shaped composed of dormant mycelia of some fungi. Sometimes, sclerotia are developed on the affected parts of the plant. Presence of sclerotia on the host surface is specifically called a sign of disease

Plant Nutrient Deficiency Terminology ✅Burning: severe localized yellowing ,scorched appearance. ✅Chlorosis: general yellowing of the plant tissue; lack of chlorophyll. Generalized: symptoms not limited to one area of a plant, but rather spread over the entire plant. ✅Immobile nutrient: not able to be moved from one part of the plant to another. ✅Interveinal Chlorosis: yellowing in between leaf veins, yet veins remain green. ✅Localised: symptoms limited to one leaf or one section of the leaf or plant. ✅Mobile nutrient: able to be moved from one plant part to another. ✅Mottling: spotted, irregular, inconsistent pattern. ✅Necrosis: death of plant tissue; tissue browns and dies.

आप सभी को होली के पावन पर्व की हार्दिक शुभकामनाएं 🙏🙏🙏

🌲 Every year, on March 21, we celebrate World Forestry Day. 🌳 Theme, "Forests and Innovation: New Solutions for a Better World. 🌴 The United Nations General Assembly established World Forestry Day in 2012. 📚THE ENDURING SIGNIFICANCE OF FORESTS Forests are often referred to as the "lungs of the planet" for a reason. They play a vital role in: 📌Combating Climate Change: Forests act as carbon sinks, absorbing and storing vast amounts of carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas. 📌Protecting Biodiversity: Forests provide habitats for countless species of plants and animals, ensuring the health and balance of ecosystems. 📌Providing Clean Air and Water: Forests filter air and water, regulating our climate and providing us with essential resources. 📌Supporting Livelihoods: Millions of people around the world depend on forests for food, medicine, and income generation.

■ India’s first cloned desi Gir female calf Ganga ◇ Context: The National Dairy Research Institute ( est. 1956, under ICAR, based in Haryana’s Karnal) has produced the first-ever clone of a calf belonging to the indigenous Gir cow breed. The calf has been named Ganga. □ Process: ◇ Scientists used three animals for producing this calf: Oocyte was taken from the Sahiwal breed, a somatic cell from the Gir breed, and a surrogate animal was a crossbreed. □ What is Reproductive cloning? ◇ Reproductive cloning is a process by which an exact genetic replica, or clone, of an existing organism, is created through a type of cloning called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). ◇ This involves removing the nucleus of an egg cell and replacing it with the nucleus of a somatic cell (a non-reproductive cell) from the organism to be cloned.

Nature of Plant Breeding Plant breeding is an art or science and is as old as agriculture, started since man learnt to cultivate the plants. In earlier days, man depends on his skill and judgement in selecting better plants. His knowledge about the plant was very limited. He knew nothing about the inheritance of characters, role of environment in producing them and the basis of variation in various plant characters. His method of selection was designed without the understanding of the principle of inheritance. Therefore during primitive time plant breeding was largely an art and very less science was involved in that, but the present breeding methods are entirely based on the scientific principles of plant sciences, particularly of genetics a cytogenetic. Thus, plant breeding is purely science with very little art involved. Science is the knowledge gathered through scientific method. The scientific method consists of observation, formulation of hypothesis, experimentation and conclusion either to accept or reject the hypothesis. Plant breeding is considered as the current phase of crop evolution. As the knowledge of genetics and other related science progresses plant breeding become less art and more science. Especially discovery of Mendels work in 1900, added lot to the knowledge of science. Selection of desirable plant even today is an art it depends on the skill of a person but alone skill is not enough, modern plant breeding is based on through understanding and use of genetics principles. To be successful, a plant breeder must know each and everything about the crop with he is working. He should have an understanding of principles of difference disciplines viz. genetics, cytology, Morphology and Taxonomy, plant Physiology , Plant Pathology, Entomology, Agronomy, and Soil Science, Biochemistry, Statistics, and Biometrics. Computer and Plant biotechnology. Thus plant breeding is an art science and a technology of developing genetically superior plants in terms of the economics utility for the mankind.

Plant Breeding: Plant breeding is an applied branch of Botany, which deals with improvement of agricultural crops. This branch of agricultural science has contributed maximum to the increase in food production all over the world and therefore, now a day it assuming ever increasing importance in field of agriculture in every country. Riley, 1978 defined plant breeding as a technology of developing superior crop plants/ varieties for various purpose. Frankel, 1958 defined plant breeding as the genetic adjustment of plants to the service man. Plant breeding is a branch of biology concerned with changing the genotype of plant so that they become more useful. The food grain production of India has increased from 54 millions tonnes to 206 million tonns. As a result of this the nation has become almost self sufficient in food grain, this thing is achieved only due to green revolution has tookes place in 1965-66. Green revolution in our country particularly in Rice and Wheat increases our food grain production in our country particularly in Rice and Wheat increases our food grain production and today we are exporting several million tonns food grain to many developed and developing country. On the other hand population of our country after independence also increasing at an arming rate of 2.5% per year, this make it necessity that the food grains production should increases at least at the same rate or faster than the population rate. Therefore, it is the necessity of modern farmers. Progressive farmers to apply plant breeding science, techniques for the development of new high yielding varieties, to meet the need of this tremendous growing population. In India more than 70% population is depend on agriculture, however majority of them are marginal farmers and landless labour. The input like fertilizer, pesticides, insecticides required for agriculture are expensive and therefore farmers are looking forward for improved high yielding, disease and pest resistance and Earliness varieties. Govt of India also trying to made every effort after independence for increasing agricultural production.

AFO MAINS Cutoff

#soil_science #AFO #NABARD ✅Parent Material: It is that mass (consolidated material) from which the soil has formed. Two groups of parent material ✅i) Sedentary: Formed in original place. It is the residual parent material. The parent  material differ as widely as the rocks. ✅ii) Transported: The parent material transported from their place of origin. They are  named according to the main force responsible for the transport and redeposition.  a) By gravity - Colluvial  b) By water - Alluvial, Marine, Locustrine  c) By ice - Glacial  d) By wind – Eolian ✅Colluvium: It is the poorly sorted materials near the base of strong slopes transported by  the action of gravity. (IBPS AFO 2021) ✅Alluvium: The material transported and deposited by water is, found along major stream  courses at the bottom of slopes of mountains and along small streams flowing out of drainage basins. ✅Locustrine: Consists of materials that have settled out of the quiet water of lakes. ✅Moraine: Consists of all the materials picked up, mixed, disintegrated, transported and  deposited through the action of glacial ice or of water resulting primarily from melting of  glaciers. ✅Loess or Aeolian: These are the wind blown materials. ✅When the texture is silty - loess; ✅when it is sand - Eolian. ✅The soils developed on such transported parent materials bear the name of the parent  material; viz. Alluvial soils from alluvium, Colluvial soils from Colluvium etc. ✅In the initial stages, however, the soil properties are mainly determined by the kind of parent  material.

#soil_science #AFO #NABARD ✅Parent Material: It is that mass (consolidated material) from which the soil has formed. Two groups of parent material ✅i) Sedentary: Formed in original place. It is the residual parent material. The parent  material differ as widely as the rocks. ✅ii) Transported: The parent material transported from their place of origin. They are  named according to the main force responsible for the transport and redeposition.  a) By gravity - Colluvial  b) By water - Alluvial, Marine, Locustrine  c) By ice - Glacial  d) By wind – Eolian ✅Colluvium: It is the poorly sorted materials near the base of strong slopes transported by  the action of gravity. (IBPS AFO 2021) ✅Alluvium: The material transported and deposited by water is, found along major stream  courses at the bottom of slopes of mountains and along small streams flowing out of drainage basins. ✅Locustrine: Consists of materials that have settled out of the quiet water of lakes. ✅Moraine: Consists of all the materials picked up, mixed, disintegrated, transported and  deposited through the action of glacial ice or of water resulting primarily from melting of  glaciers. ✅Loess or Aeolian: These are the wind blown materials. ✅When the texture is silty - loess; ✅when it is sand - Eolian. ✅The soils developed on such transported parent materials bear the name of the parent  material; viz. Alluvial soils from alluvium, Colluvial soils from Colluvium etc. ✅In the initial stages, however, the soil properties are mainly determined by the kind of parent  material.

Panel -5 , Time - 1pm Name -Yash Jadhav -Introduce yourself -Tell me about your family ( If your father is teacher then how you related to agriculture) -How many times u visited to farm -Strength and weakness -Define Apiculture -Floriculture -Sericulture -Role of AFO -Irrigation method -Fav. Subject ( I told Agronomy but they said I recently ask about agronomy so they ask about agri Engineering) -What is function of Clutch -Difference between Public sector bank and private bank -Co operative bank and example -current account and saving account -U mention leadership as your strength , so how to utilize in bank -Chief justice of India ( I did not recall at that time) -RBI Governor current and previous

Panel 1 Introduction Define soil What r Soil organisms Soil pathogens Phototropism Cash transfer kraychi tr kse kral How many attempts Stategy kai use keli job krta krta interview prnt yenyasathi India Post mdhe kai ase ahe jyamule te bankanche pudhe jau shkte ... Thank u.. All over good experience... 😁

Hyderabad Panel 1 Name , where you are from ! When did you complete Graduation ? What are you doing currently ? In which village are you working ? What is your experience ? What is NEFT, RTGS, SWIFT ? How SWIFT effects ongoing Russia - Ukraine conflict ? What is soil Testing ? What are the different soil testing parameters ? Do you have an account ? Which type of account ? What is the Difference between Savings Account & Investment ? Can investment be done only at the banks ? If not what are the different places you can invest ? Thank you ! All the best

Documents for verification- 1.Call later printout with instructions page (page 2 and 3) 2. Application form 3. ID (aadhar/voteretc) 4. 10th marksheet 5. 12th marksheet 6. Transcript /semester wise marksheet 7. Final degree or PDC 8. Msc transcript and degree (if mentioned) 9. Computer certificate. 10. Cast/Ews certificate (central formate) * In my case they also asked me for my state cast certificate . 11. Experiece certificate and Original NOC (if you're in a job) 12. A declaration form (they provide at venue.