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In case
#IN CASE is used to give a possible future reason for the present action:
I'm buying some food in case I'm hungry later.
(= I'm buying it now, before I get hungry)
Compare this with an if sentence for the same situation :
I'll buy some food if I'm hungry later.
(=I'll buy it at the time I'm hungry, not before)
Now compare these sentences:
I'm not going out tonight in case my uncle phones.
I'm going out tonight so if my uncle phones ask him to leave a message for me.
#In case is often used to give advice and warnings:
Don't go out without a coat in case you get cold.
Use plastic gloves when treating someone else's wounds in case they are HIV positive.
* Note: We use in case + present to describe future situations.
Example:
I'm taking a drink in case I get thirsty.
* in case + past can be used to describe why someone did something :
Example
I wrote my first draft in pencil in case I needed to change it.
Now I want you to do the following activities by completing these sentences with in case or if.
1. You should have some gloves at home ____ you have to treat someone's wound.
2. You should wear gloves ____ you have to treat someone's wound.
What is your answer and why?
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💹Forms of verbs
There are two special forms for verbs called voice:
1. Active voice
2. Passive voice
#1. The active voice is the "normal" voice. This is the voice that we use most of the time. You are probably already familiar with the active voice. In the active voice, the object receives the action of the verb:
Example
active [subject+ verb +object]
Eg. Cats eat fish.
#2. The passive voice is less usual. In the passive voice, the subject receives the action of the verb:
Example
passive [subject +verb+ object]
Eg. Fish are eaten by cats.
✳️The object of the active verb becomes the subject of the passive verb:
Example
(subject +verb +object)
active : Everybody drinks water.
passive : Water is drunk by everybody.
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✅ -ed / -ing adjectives
A large group of adjectives are verb participles, with an -ing or -ed ending.
Examples: interesting, interested
❇️Adjectives with an -ing ending describe something.
Ex: The lesson was interesting.
💹 Adjectives with an -ed ending describe the effect that thing has on you.
Ex: we were all interested in what we were doing.
Put the correct adjective form of the verb in the brackets.
#Q. a: I didn't enjoy the film. It --------- me. (bore)
b: Yes, it was very ------.
A. bored, boring
B. boring, bored
C. boring, boring
D. bored, bored
Which one is correct?
A? Right!👍
because the first person is describing the effect of the film on him. So -ed form is used in that case.
And the second person is talking about something (the film) so -ing form is the correct form.
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♻️Punctuation Marks List
Examples of Passive
Punctuation Mark
Use to...
1⃣( . ) Period
End a sentence: Dinner was delicious.
2⃣( ? ) Question Mark
End a sentence and denote inquiry: What time is it?
3⃣( ! ) Exclamation Point
End a sentence and denote excitement or emphasis: Watch out for that tree!
4⃣( , ) Comma
Denote a break within a sentence or direct address of a person or group: Mary, listen to me .
Separate any of the following:
- Two or more adjectives: He is a charming, attentive listener.
- Items in a list: Please buy eggs, milk, butter and flour.
- The name of a city from the name of a state: I live in Salt Lake City, Utah.
- Two independent clauses: The waiter still hasn't taken our order, and the play starts in five minutes.
- Direct quotations: Quoth the raven, "Nevermore."
5⃣( ; ) Semicolon
Separate two related but independent clauses: I asked Anne to look at my computer; she has a knack for them.
Separate a series of items that already contain commas:
- For our wedding colors, I chose white, the color of innocence; red, the color of passion; and yellow, the color of lemons.
- I have lived in Detroit, Michigan; Paris, France; and Sydney, Australia.
6⃣( : ) Colon
Introduce a list.
For Christmas, I would like the following presents: a hula hoop, a hippopotamus, and my two front teeth.
Introduce a statement that expands upon the clause before the colon.
And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you - ask what you can do for your country.
7⃣( - ) Hyphen
Add a prefix: Trans-Atlantic flights are costly.
C reate compound words: Spider-Man is my favorite superhero.
W rite numbers as words: I have lived in this house for thirty-three years.
8⃣( - or - ) Dash
Make a brief interruption within a sentence or a parenthetical phrase: Johnny asked me - with a straight face, I might add - if he could borrow the car for the weekend.
9⃣( " ) Double Quotation
Enclose a direct quotation: "If you pick up a starving dog and make him prosperous, he will not bite you. This is the principal difference between a dog and a man."
🔟( ' ) Single Quotation
Denote possession: I believe that is Allen's pen.
Denote c ontraction: I know it's his because of the distinct monogram.
Denote a quotation within a quotation: He told me just last week, "I do enjoy this monogrammed pen. My wife said, 'Allen, it isn't like people go around mistaking your pens for theirs all day.'"
1⃣1⃣( ( ) ) Parentheses
Indicate clarification: Please bring home some real butter (as opposed to margarine).
Indicate an a fterthought or personal commentary: Anyone can edit Wikipedia (not that there's anything wrong with that).
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