Biology neet

Theory of evolution was given by: Charles Darwin. * Photo-respiration is: Energy spending process. * Mass flow is affected by: Transpiration. * Conversion of fat to sugar occurs in: Glyoxysomes. * Photorespiration occurs in: Chloroplast. * Photosynthesis is an: Oxidation -reduction process. * Photo system II is absent in: C4plants. * Conversion of fat into carbohydrate is in: Glyoxylate cycle. * Precursor of IAA is: Tryptophan. * Cobalt as a constituent of: Vit. B12 * Law of tolerance introduced by: Shelford.  * Glycolysis occurs in the part of cell: Cytoplasm * Krebs cycle & ETC occurs in: Mitochondria * Final product of Glycolysis is: Pyruvate. * Light or hill reaction takes place in: Grana of chloroplast.  * Dark reaction or Calvin cycle takes place in: Stroma of chloroplast.  * Most abundant protein in the world: Rubisco.  * One molecule of glucose is produced: 686 Kcal. * Highest water use efficiency order: CAM> C4>C3.  * Kranz type leaf anatomy found in: C4 plants.  * Calvin cycle & hatch- slack occurs in: Chloroplast.  * Photosynthetic rate highest in: C4 plants.  * Glucose is a type of sugar: Monosaccharide.  * Sugar which is sweetest among all sugars: Fructose.  * Examples of disaccharides are: Maltose, lactose, sucrose.  * Non reducing sugar: Sucrose.  * Sugar found in gernminating seeds: Maltose.  * Lactose (milk sugar) is a combination: Glucose + Galactose * Bond that joins amino acids: peptide

pany got patent rights n Basmati Rice through the US  Patent and Trademark office.           -  First Transgenic cow "Rosie" Produced human Milk protein. 2000 - World's Population 6 billion & India's Population 1 billion 2001 - [ Census Report ] Population Growth Rate - 17/1000/yr 2002 - Ahmad Khan's technique >4. km road laid.           - World Summit for Sustainable development of biodiversity (Johannesburg South Africa)           - All Buses of Delhi were converted to run ofmn CNG by the end of the year. (COP-8) 2003 - HGP completed 2004 -  According to IUCN,  1.7 to 1.8 million species on earth & Extinction of 784 Species in last 500 years. 2006 -  Sequencing of chromosome number completed in May (HGP)           -   Sequencing of Chr. 1 was completed 2011 -  World Population - 7.2 billion              India Population   - 1.2 billion           -  [ Census Report ] Population Growth Rate - 20/1000/yr 2017 - MTP ( Amendment Act ) ------------------------------------------------------------- EVOLUTION Seprately Note : bya = billion years ago            mya = million years ago            k =  thousand [ e.g. 10k years back means 10,000 yrs back ]            20 bya - Universe Age 4.5 bya - Earth was formed 4 bya - Life appeared on earth [ which is actually 500 millipn after Earth was formed ] 3 bya - First Non-cellular Life forms 2 bya - Cellular Life forms 200 mya - fish-like reptiles [ e.g. Ichthyosaurs ] 65 mya - dinosaurs dissappeared 15 mya - Dryopithecus & Ramapithecus 2 mya - Australopithecus 1.5 mya -  Homo-erectus 100k - 40k yrs back -  Neanderthals 75k - 10k yrs back - Homo-Sapiens 18k yrs back  -  Cromagnon 10k yrs back  -  Modern Man ▭▬▭▬▭▬▭▬▭▬▭▬▭▬

💛Types of Vaccines💛 Vaccines are classified into 3 types : 1. First Generation Vaccines (i) Attenuated live vaccine : Small pox vaccine of Jenner. (ii) Killed vaccine (harmless virus - CBSE 2015 cancelled) : Salk's Polio vaccine (IPV). 2. Second Generation Vaccines These are formed by genetic engineering or r-DNA technique. Vaccines produced through genetic engineering are safe as they contain antigen only from coat of pathogen. (BHU 1992) eg.: Hepatitis-B vaccine produced from yeast. 3. Third Generation Vaccines These are synthetic vaccine which are purest.

💐ECOLOGY DATES💐 🔥IUCN in 2004 estimated the total number of plant and animal species. 🔥Earth summit 1992 🔥World Summit 2002 🔥Environment protection act 1986 🔥Air act 1981. Amended in 1987 to include noise as air pollution. 🔥BS 3 since 2010 october 🔥Bs 4. Since 2010 april 🔥Water act 1974. 🔥Ozone hole over Antarctica develops in late August and early October. 🔥Montreal protocol signed in 1987 but effective in 1989. 🔥National forest policy 1988. 🔥Amrita Devi incident in 1731. 🔥Chipko movement in 1974. 🔥Joint Forest Management 1980. 💎💎These dates are a must.💎💎

Evolution of Organisms Geological time scale of earth is divided into 6 era 1. Azoic - Era of no life. 2. Archaeozoic - Era of invisible life. 3. Proterozoic - Invertebrates and microbe originate. (Q 2012) 4. Palaeozoic - Vertebrates appear. 5. Mesozoic - Age of reptiles. 6. Coenozoic - Age of mammals and birds. (Q 1993) Archaeozoic and proterozoic are together called precambrian. 💢

🎉. Histamine,stimulates the secretion of pepsin. 👉. Histamine is a potent vasodilator . lt contracts the smooth muscles in the bronchi. 👉. Synthetic drugs brompheniramina ( Dimetapp) & terfenadine ( Seldane), act as antihistamines. 👉. Antiallergic & antacid drugs work on different receptors. 👉. Tranquilizer & analgesics are neurologically active drugs. 👉. Noradrenaline plays a role in mood changes. 👉. Chlordiazepoxide & meprobamate,are sutable for relieving tension. 👉. Equanil is used in controlling depression & hypertension. 👉. Barbiturates are hypnotic. 👉. Analgesics reduce or abolish pain. 👉. Aspirin & paracetamol are non - narcotic analgesics. 👉. Aspirin inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins. It use in prevention of heart attacks 👉. Morphine is a narcotic analgesics. 👉. The first effective anti bacterial agent prontosil. 👉. Antibiotics have either cidal effect or a static effect on microbes. 👉. Penicillin G has a narrow spectrum. 👉. Ampicillin & Amoxicillin are synthetic modifications of penicillins. 👉. In India, penicillin is manufactured at the Hindustan Antibiotics in Pimpri & in private sector industry. 👉. Chloramphenicol, Vancomycin. & Ofloxacin are a broad spectrum antibiotics. 👉.Antiseptics ( either kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms). 👉.✨.Dettol is a mixture of chloroxylenol & terpineol. 👉. Iodine is a powerful antiseptic. 👉. 0.2% solution of phenol is an antiseptic while it's 1% solution is disinfectant. 👉. Norethindrone is an synthetic progesterone derivative drug. 👉. The estrogen derivative drug is ethynylestradiol. 👉. Aspartame is the most successful artificial sweeteners. 👉.Alitame is high potency sweeteners, although it is more stable than aspartame. 👉. Sucralose is trichloro derivative of sucrose.It does not provide calories. 👉. The two most familiar antioxidants are butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) & butylated hydroxy anisole(BHA).

Electrostatic Precipitator - removes particulate matter Scrubber - removes SO2 gas According to CPCB , particles less /equal to 2.5 micrometers [ in diameter ] ==> causes greatest harm to humankind. Mere 0.1 % impurities contains  -  • Suspended solids e.g. sand , silt , clay etc. • Colloidal material e.g. faecal matter, bacteria, cloth, & paper fibres • Dissolved materials e.g. nutrients ( nitrate, ammonia  phosphate , sodium, calcium ) Solids are easy to remove , what us hardto remove are nitrates, phosphates, other nutrients, toxic metal ions, & organic comp. Heavy metals [ according to biology ] defined as metal having density > 5g/cm^3 [e.g. Hg, Cd, Pb ]  Biomagnification mainly known due to Hg & DDT  BOG - floating plants [ yeah its in 276 bottomost ]  ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Some words related to SUPER QUICK REVISION ( Just words only ) Waste water case study - Arcata Town / FOAM ( Friends of Arcata Marsh)/EcoSAN toilet Solid waste case study - Ahmed Khan / Polyblend /water repellent properties of BITUMEN  Organic Waste Case study - Ramesh Chandra Dagar /composting n all  --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Radioactive Incidents - Three Mile Chernobyle incidents  Without green-house gases , Earth temp. qould be -18°C instead of average 15 °C  Clouds & Gases reflect 1/4 of incoming solar radiation. During Past century , temp. of earth is inc. by 0.6°C Thickness of OZONE is measure by DOBSON units " Good Ozone " is found in startosphere DNA & proteins absorb UV rays Cl free radical degrades Ozone (O3) Inflammation of Cornea due to UV-B rays - Snow Blindness National Forest Policy aims  33% forest cover for plains, & 67% forest cover for hills

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pany got patent rights n Basmati Rice through the US  Patent and Trademark office.           -  First Transgenic cow "Rosie" Produced human Milk protein. 2000 - World's Population 6 billion & India's Population 1 billion 2001 - [ Census Report ] Population Growth Rate - 17/1000/yr 2002 - Ahmad Khan's technique >4. km road laid.           - World Summit for Sustainable development of biodiversity (Johannesburg South Africa)           - All Buses of Delhi were converted to run ofmn CNG by the end of the year. (COP-8) 2003 - HGP completed 2004 -  According to IUCN,  1.7 to 1.8 million species on earth & Extinction of 784 Species in last 500 years. 2006 -  Sequencing of chromosome number completed in May (HGP)           -   Sequencing of Chr. 1 was completed 2011 -  World Population - 7.2 billion              India Population   - 1.2 billion           -  [ Census Report ] Population Growth Rate - 20/1000/yr 2017 - MTP ( Amendment Act ) ------------------------------------------------------------- EVOLUTION Seprately Note : bya = billion years ago            mya = million years ago            k =  thousand [ e.g. 10k years back means 10,000 yrs back ]            20 bya - Universe Age 4.5 bya - Earth was formed 4 bya - Life appeared on earth [ which is actually 500 millipn after Earth was formed ] 3 bya - First Non-cellular Life forms 2 bya - Cellular Life forms 200 mya - fish-like reptiles [ e.g. Ichthyosaurs ] 65 mya - dinosaurs dissappeared 15 mya - Dryopithecus & Ramapithecus 2 mya - Australopithecus 1.5 mya -  Homo-erectus 100k - 40k yrs back -  Neanderthals 75k - 10k yrs back - Homo-Sapiens 18k yrs back  -  Cromagnon 10k yrs back  -  Modern Man ▭▬▭▬▭▬▭▬▭▬▭▬▭▬