#أطباء_أتقياء

#Classification of drugs: - There is no homogenous system for classifying drugs that suits all purposes... -Drugs may be classified by : (1) Therapeutic uses: e.g. antimicrobial, antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive ..etc. (2) Mode of action: according to the drug mode of action either according to: - Molecular interactions: Receptor blockers, enzyme inhibitors. - Cellular site: loop diuretics, catecholamine uptake inhibitor. - molecular structure: glycoside, steroid, alkaloid ...etc.

#Therapeutic Index: - The therapeutic index of a drug is the ratio of the dose produces toxicity to the dose that produces a clinically desired or effective response in a population of individuals. Therapeutic index in humans = TD50/ED50 TD50:Toxic dose in 50% of people ED50:effective dose in 50%of the people Therapeutic index in animal studies = LD50/ED50 Where LD50 = lethal dose = is the dose of a drug which kills half of test animals. ED50 = effective dose = the dose which produces a defined response in half of test animals. - the therapeutic index is thus a measure of the drug safety, since a large value indicates that there is a wide margin between doses that effective and doses that are toxic... and in drugs like #digixon and #warfarin for example with a narrow therapeutic index the dose is critically important...

☘ Nomenclature of drugs: -Any drug may have in all 3 of the following classes of names: 1. The full #chemical name : this name describe the full chemical structure of the drug and specify the location of atoms and usually used for analytical purposes. 2. Official name: also known as (Non-proprietary, Approved or #Generic name) this name given by the pharmacopoeia commission derived from the full chemical name and used in pharmacopoeias ( e.g. British Pharmacopoeia B.P or United State Pharmacopoeia USP or British Pharmacopoeia Codex BPC) and used by official agencies (WHO) and among research workers and non-clinicians. 3. A proprietary (#brand or trade name): this a commercial property of pharmaceutical companies and usually registered and advertised as a trade marks for the manufacturers and used usually referred by clinicians. - To explain this we have imipramine (antidepressants) has the following names: Chemical name : 3-(10,11dihydro-5H-dibenz[b.f]-azepin-5-yl)propyldethylamine. Official name or generic or approved or non-proprietary name is Impiramine. Trade name or proprietary name is Tofranil.🤗☘

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