عُشــّٓاقـُــ الـْطــّبــ

What is the average diameter of the released ovum (released 2ry oocyte)? A) 50–80 µm B) 110–140 µm C) 200–250 µm D) 120 pm

Non-maturing growing follicles undergo: A) Fertilization B) Atresia C) Mitosis D) Division into ova

Usually, how many follicles become fully mature during a single cycle? A) All growing follicles B) Only one follicle C) Two to four follicles D) None

Into which cavity is the secondary oocyte released during ovulation? A) Uterine cavity B) Peritoneal cavity C) Follicular cavity D) Vaginal canal

During ovulation, the ovarian follicle ruptures and releases the: A) Primary oocyte B) Secondary oocyte C) Oogonium D) Polar body only

The cellular and fibrous sheath derived from ovarian stroma enveloping the stratum granulosum is: A) Corona radiata B) Theca folliculi C) Vitelline membrane D) Zona pellucida

Small cavities among proliferating cells join together to form one large cavity called the: A) Antrum B) Stroma C) Theca D) Follicle

In a multi-laminar follicle, small cavities filled with fluid contain: A) Cytoplasm B) Liquor folliculi C) Blood D) Lymph

During cellular respiration, where does the majority of ATP production occur through the process of oxidative phosphorylation? أ. Inner mitochondrial membrane ب. Cytosol ج. Mitochondrial matrix د. Intermembrane space

The cis face of Golgi mainly: A. Sends materials to the nucleusB. Receives materials from the ERC. Produces ATPD. Digests proteins

Ribosomes attached to rough ER mainly synthesize proteins destined for: A. Cytosol onlyB. Secretion and membranesC. DNAD. Glycogen

The hydrophobic portion of a phospholipid is: A. Phosphate head B. Polar head C. Fatty acid tails D. Carbohydrate chain

The major lipid component of the plasma membrane is: A. Triglyceride B. Phospholipid C. Glycogen D. Cholesterol only

📌Branched carbohydrates 1️⃣Starch (amylopectin part) 🔢Glycogen 🔢Dextrins 4️⃣Dextran 📌Non-branched carbohydrates 1️⃣Starch (amylose part) 🔢Cellulose 🔢Inulin 4️⃣Agar

📌Disaccharides with free anomeric carbon 1️⃣Lactose 🔢Maltose 🔢Lactulose 📌Disaccharides without free anomeric carbon. 1️⃣Sucrose 🔢Trehalose

📌 Carbohydrates & Their Functions 💫Glucose – Major source of energy; only fuel for brain and red blood cells. 💫Fructose – Energy source for sperm cells. 💫Galactose – Component of lactose in milk. 💫Ribose – Structural component of RNA, ATP, NADH, FAD, CoA. 💫Deoxyribose – Structural component of DNA. 💫L-Fucose – Component of blood group antigens (A, B, O, Rh). 💫Inulin – Used to measure renal function; also acts as a prebiotic. 💫Mannitol – Sugar alcohol; used as osmotic diuretic. 💫Sorbitol – Sugar alcohol; used as sugar substitute for diabetics, prevents food dehydration. 💫Xylitol – Tooth-friendly sugar alcohol; prevents dental caries. 💫Lactulose – Used as a prebiotic, in constipation, and hepatic encephalopathy (removes NH₃). 💫Agar – Used in bacterial/fungal culture media and as a laxative. 💫Dextran – Plasma expander; restores blood volume and prevents thrombosis. 💫Dextrins – Used in infant feeding and adhesives (stamps, envelopes). 💫Starch – Main plant storage polysaccharide; major dietary carbohydrate. 💫Glycogen – Main animal storage polysaccharide; stored in liver and muscle. 💫Cellulose – Structural material in plants; not digested by humans. 💫Hyaluronic acid – Lubricant in synovial fluid, vitreous humor; tissue repair. 💫Chondroitin sulfate – Structural component of cartilage; supplement in osteoarthritis. 💫Keratan sulfate – Found in cornea, cartilage; cushions shock, maintains corneal transparency. 💫Dermatan sulfate – Found in skin, vessels, valves; anticoagulant and wound repair. 💫Heparin – Physiological anticoagulant; activates antithrombin III. 💫Proteoglycans – Structural component of connective tissue; lubrication, support. 💫Glycoproteins – Blood group substances, antibodies, hormones, receptors.

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Proteoglycans act as a lubricant in: A. Blood vessels B. Lungs C. Joints D. Kidneys

The name Heparin comes from the Greek word hepar, which means: ​A) Skin ​B) Kidney ​C) Liver ​D) Lung

in which two forms do glycoproteins occur within cells? A) Free and bound to nucleic acids B) Soluble and membrane-bound C) Crystalline and amorphous D) Active and inactive