¡Ya disponible! Investigación de Telegram 2025 — los principales insights del año 
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A patient present with pain and tenderness in the left iliac fossa. USG shows a 2 cm stone in the renal pelvis without any hydronephrosis. Most appropriate management:
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Ureteric stone 🪨 climbs the nerve ladder 🪜 → hits Genitofemoral 🎯 → groin/scrotum pain 😣.
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Ureteric colic pain is referred along this nerve because the ureter shares visceral afferent fibers with L1–L2 spinal segments.
Hence, stone in the ureter causes loin-to-groin pain radiating along genitofemoral distribution.
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Referred pain from ureteric colic is felt in the groin due to involvement of the following nerve:
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Proteus species are urease-producing bacteria.
Urease splits urea → ammonia → raises urine pH → alkaline urine.
Alkaline urine + cloudiness with pus cells indicates urinary tract infection with Proteus.
This environment also favors struvite (triple phosphate) stone formation.
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A patient with alkaline urine which is cloudy with plenty of pus cells is suffering from infection with:
