Crest Learning UPSC

➡️UN -World population day, (Theme) Empowering young people to create the families they want in a fair and hopefully world. ➡️UNICEF- Reports 👉371m youth in india(15-29yrs) world's largest. 👉with right investment in Education, skills, health, nutrition, family planning services, could boost GDP By upto 1 trillion By 2030 👉 India has made initiatives for this Beti Bachao Beti Padhao & National Adolescent Health Programme(reducing child marriage and Adolescent fertility) ➡️ Govt. Need to do more to address 👉limited reproductive autonomy, socio cultural barriers & gender inequality bcz they restrict to realise true potential of young( women) 👉NFHS-5(2019-21)- Child marriage has reduced by half since 2006, still reported at 23.3%(india) 👉teenage child bearing(15-19yr) was fixed at 7% nationally but in some states it is more than double ➡️State of world population report 2025 By (UNFPA) UN population fund underscores the lack of reproductive autonomy 👉36% Indians (adult) face unintended pregnancies 👉30% unmet reproductive goals 👉23% faced both ➡️ To tackle child marriage through 👉Comprehensive, multipronged strategy includes education, contraception, nutrition, mental health,community empowerment 👉UNICEF-each year of secondary education reduce child marriage by up to 6% eg.- Project Udan in Rajasthan (by IPE Global)2017-2022, 30,000 child marriage being prevented eg.- Advik Programme by govt. Odisha with UNICEF-UNFPA 2019-20 Enabled 11,000 vilaages child marriage free in 2022 eg.- Project manzil Rajashtan govt. with IPE Global

➡️ Recycling lithium ion battery could spark an industry worth $3.5B by 2030, (ICEA) India cellular and electronics association. 👉currently, india recycling only 1% end of life L ion batteries

➡️NAMIBIA (Windhoek) 👉 India signed MoU to set up Entrepreneurship development center in namibia 👉India co-operate in health and medicine. 👉Namibia joined India led coalition of Disater resilient infrastructure(DRI) & Global Biofuel Alliance (GBA) 👉 1st diplomatic mission of the south West Africa people's organisation (SWAPO) was established in India, it was support for Namibia's liberation.

➡️ NAS- National achievement survey, conducted every 3Ys by ministry of education 👉measuring the learning outcomes( core sub. Language, maths, Science) of students in govt. & govt. Aided schools in classes 3, 5, 8, 10

👉 BRICS represents about half the global population 👉40% of global GDP 👉1/4 of global trade.

➡️GAZA 👉 Beit Hanoun(north) 👉Khan younis( Sauth)

➡️NATO- increase military spending to 5% of member nation's GDP By 2035. 👉 NATO members(32) combined spent 55% of global military spending. 😒👉Conflict and Environment observatory, if NATO's defence spending reached 3.5% of GDP, Greenhouse gas emission would increase 200mt annually. ➡️SIPRI- Stockholm international peace Research institute, global spending was 2,718billion(9.4% increase) ➡️Historically, Cold war saw Highest global military spending, 6.1% of the world's GDP, 1960 ➡️ in 2024, 2.5% of global GDP ➡️military spending 1👉 US- $997b 2👉China- $314b 3👉Russia- $149b 4👉Germany- $88.5b 5👉India- $86.1b ➡️Ukraine spent 34% of it's GDP ➡️Lebanon 29%

➡️ 1lakh Crore Research Development and Innovation RDI 👉Aim to incentivise pvt. Sector to invest in basic Research 👉it consist special purpose fund U/Anusandhan National Research FoundationANRF( Act as Custodian of fund, independent institutional body U/ oversight of Science ministry) 👉ANRF act as single window clearance mechanism for funding R&D 👉fund to Technology readiness level-4.

➡️Russia captured Ukraine' 1st village Dachne in Dnipropetrovsk region, an industrial mining territory.

➡️MSME- 👉 in 2024, contributed 30% of GDP 👉Aim for current year 35% of GDP ➡️this sector also provides opportunities Women led enterprises 👉 Women owned upto 20% of all MSME 👉contribute 10% of total turnover while receiving 11- 15% investment of this sector. ➡️Challenges faced by Women 👉 Acc. To SIDBI For Women credit gap is 35%( means 1/3 of requirement unmet) 👉 while for men 20% ➡️Initiatives PM Mudra loan- collateral free loan to MSME, About 41% money directed to Women led MSMEs.

➡️ Maternal Mortality Ratio-- No of death/1lakh during pregnancy or pregnancy termination upto 40 days. ➡️MM Categoised in 3 category. 👉Empowered Action group(EAG)- UP, MP, Bihar, Jharkhand, Chha, Odi, Raj, Assam. 👉 Southern states Andhra, Telangana, karnataka, kerala, Tamil 👉Other states ➡️MMR- 👉2000- 362 👉2023- 80 Achieved target of- 🔹️NHP 100/ Lakh Achieving- 🔹️SDG 70/lakh ➡️Highest MMR- Assam 167 ➡️lowest Kerala- 18 ➡️Target Achieved due to- 👉National rural health mission( NHRM 2005) introduced ASHA 👉108 ambulance system 👉Better & accessible health infrastructure 👉early registration and routine antenatal care 👉 enhanced medical skilling ➡️Reason of MM- 👉Uneducated and finance 👉delay to reach health facility 👉Unskills and unreadyness of health facility. Although, 9 Out of 10 births take place in public or pvt. Health facility. ➡️ 40% Global decline in Maternal deaths b/w 2000- 2023 👉 in 2023 death/2min globally 👉 Nigeria accounts 28.7% of global MM

My request, reactions is necessary to work rigorously

➡️Russia captured 2 settlements in east Ukraine. 👉Piddubne( Donetsk) 👉Sobolivka(kharkiv)

➡️govt. to add 75000 new medical seats over the next five years.

➡️ Co-operation ministry 2021. 👉Registered 2lakh primary agricultural credit societies(PACS) 👉1st cooperative university "Tribhuvan" Sahkari university, in Anand, Gujarat. ➡️key pillers of co-operative sector 👉Transparency 👉Technology 👉Member welfare specially farmers.

➡️ Khelo Bharat Niti 2025 ( national sport policy) will transform the role of sports in building Viksit Bharat ➡️ 5 pillers of policy... 👉 sport excellence 👉sports for social development 👉sports for eco. Development 👉as a people's movement 👉Sports in education

➡️ Decline defence spending 17.1% (2014-15) - 13%(2025-26) ➡️ in 2023- 24 india spent 2.3% of GDP on military whereas public expenditure on health 1.84% of GDP ( NHP Target is 2.5%)

➡️ Indias commitment to building alternative economic mechanism to "developed world" or Global North.