𝐒𝐂𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐂𝐄 𝐒𝐏𝐄𝐂𝐓𝐑𝐔𝐌

𝐀𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 𝑇ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑠, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑖𝑡. 𝐸𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑑 𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑠. 𝐵𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑑 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑥𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠. 𝐵𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑑 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡. 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑖𝑡, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡, 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑙 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑑𝑦. 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑖𝑡, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡, 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑢𝑛𝑔𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑔𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑡𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒. 𝐼𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑟, 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑑 𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑠. 𝑌𝑜𝑢 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑛 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑓𝑓𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑠, 𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑦𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑘). 𝑨𝑵𝑨𝑻𝑶𝑴𝒀 𝑶𝑭 𝑻𝑯𝑬 𝑯𝑬𝑨𝑹𝑻 𝑇ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑠 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑙𝑦 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑟𝑦𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑐 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ. 𝐼𝑓 𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙 75 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑔𝑒, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑟 ℎ𝑒𝑟 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 75 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒, 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑠, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑎 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑓 3 𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 200 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑑. 𝑇ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡, 𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑐, 𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑢𝑛𝑔𝑠. 𝐼𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑙𝑦 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑑𝑦. 𝐵𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑝 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑙𝑢𝑛𝑔 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑙𝑜𝑏𝑒𝑠, 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑏𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑙𝑢𝑛𝑔. 𝑇ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚, 𝑎 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑢𝑛𝑔𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙. 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑚—𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛. 𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑙𝑢𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔. 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑒 (𝑓𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚) 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑝𝑠 𝑘𝑒𝑒𝑝 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔. 𝑇ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠, 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎 (𝑝𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑢𝑚) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠. 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡, 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒, 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑏𝑦 𝑎 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙, 𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑢𝑚.

IT-based entrepreneurs often capitalize on digital tools to streamline operations, reach wider audiences, and create scalable business models.

▎Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom Flow Chain 1. Data: Raw facts and figures without context (e.g., numbers, dates, strings). Data can be seen as the building blocks of information. 2. Information: Processed data that has meaning or context. For example, if you have a list of temperatures recorded over a week, it becomes information when you analyze it to show trends (e.g., average temperature). 3. Knowledge: Information that has been processed and understood to create insights or actionable understanding. Knowledge involves the application of information in a specific context (e.g., knowing that a higher temperature can indicate a heatwave). 4. Wisdom: The ability to make sound judgments and decisions based on knowledge. Wisdom involves ethical considerations and long-term thinking (e.g., deciding to implement climate control measures based on knowledge of rising temperatures). ▎Differentiation of Concepts • Data: Unprocessed facts; lacks meaning. • Information: Processed data; provides context and relevance. • Knowledge: Information applied and understood; actionable insights. • Wisdom: Application of knowledge with ethical considerations; informed decision-making. ▎Concept of Information Systems An Information System (IS) is a coordinated set of components for collecting, storing, processing, and communicating data and information. It supports decision-making, coordination, control, analysis, and visualization within an organization. ▎Main Components of an Information System 1. Hardware: Physical devices (computers, servers, networking equipment). 2. Software: Programs and applications that process data (operating systems, database management systems). 3. Data: The raw facts that are processed to produce information. 4. Procedures: Instructions and guidelines for using the system (data entry protocols, security measures). 5. People: Users who interact with the system (IT professionals, end-users). 6. Networks: Communication systems that connect hardware and enable data sharing. ▎Functions of Each Component • Hardware: Executes processes and stores data. • Software: Provides instructions for hardware to perform tasks. • Data: Serves as the input for processing and output for decision-making. • Procedures: Ensure consistent use and management of the system. • People: Operate the system and make decisions based on its outputs. • Networks: Facilitate communication and data sharing among users and systems. ▎Application Areas of Information Systems 1. Business Management: Enhancing operational efficiency and decision-making. 2. Healthcare: Managing patient records and improving care delivery. 3. Education: Supporting learning management systems and student information systems. 4. Finance: Facilitating transactions, budgeting, and financial analysis. 5. Government: Improving service delivery and public administration. 6. E-commerce: Enabling online transactions and customer relationship management. ▎Value of Information Systems in Solving Societal Problems Information systems can address societal challenges by: • Enhancing transparency in governance. • Improving healthcare access through telemedicine. • Supporting education through online learning platforms. • Facilitating disaster response through real-time data sharing. • Promoting sustainable practices via data analytics. ▎IT-Based Entrepreneurship IT-based entrepreneurship refers to the creation of new businesses that leverage information technology to deliver products or services. This includes: • Developing software applications (e.g., mobile apps). • E-commerce ventures that utilize online platforms for sales. • Providing IT consulting services. • Innovating in areas like cloud computing or artificial intelligence.

የየኛ ክፍል IT ትምህርት ምዕራፍ 1

የዩቱብ አካውንታችንን የምትፈልጉ ተማሪዎች ይህንን ከታች የተቀመጠውን ሊንክ በመንካት ሙሉ ቭድዮችን ስንለቅ ማግኘት ትችላላችሁ። 👇👇👇 https://youtu.be/9GlAmViwtgI?si=I01JYKQOcUVlO3Ni https://youtu.be/9GlAmViwtgI?si=I01JYKQOcUVlO3Ni 𝐎𝐌𝐎 𝐀𝐂𝐀𝐃𝐄𝐌𝐘 𝑌𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 !

📜📜 Max von Laue እና James Franck የሚባሉ ሁለት ፊዚስቶች የ1914 እና 1925 የፊዚክስ Nobel prize🏅 አሸናፊዎች ነበሩ። እንደምታውቁት ደግሞ ለnobel prize አሸናፊዎች የወርቅ ሜዳልያ ይሰጣቸዋል። በሁለተኛው የአለም ጦርነት 🪖💣 ወቅት ጀርመን  በNaziዎች ስር ስለነበረች በግዜው የናዚ ወታደሮች ውድ እና ዋጋ ያላቸውን ነገሮች የሚያካሂዱትን ጦርነት fund ለማድረግ በግድ ይወስዱ ነበር። እነዚህ ሁለት ሳይንቲስቶች የወርቅ ሜዳልያቸው እንዳይወሰድ በመፍራት በግዜው ትልቅ ክብር ይሰጠው ለነበረው Scientist Niels Bohr ሜዳልያቸውን እንዲጠብቅላቸው ይሰጡታል። እሱ በግዜው ይሰራ የነበረው በdenmark, Copenhagen university ነበር። ነገር ግን ዴንማርክም በናዚዎች ስር ወደቀች እና የኖቤል ሜዳልያዎቹ ችግር ውስጥ ወደቁ። ይሄን ግዜ በግዜው በbohr laboratory 🧪 ውስጥ ይሰራ የነበረው የሀንጋሪው chemist Georgy de Hevesy አንድ ሀሳብ አመጣ። የhydrochloric እና nitric acid ድብልቅ የሆነውን "aqua regia" የተባለውን mixture በመጠቀም ለምን በሜዳልያው ላይ ያለውን ወርቅ አናሟሟውም የሚል ሀሳብ አቀረበ። በዚህ ሀሳብ መሰረትም የሜዳልያው ወርቅ ሟምቶ በፈሳሽ መልክ በ laboratory መደርደሪያ አናት ላይ ተቀመጠ። የናዚ ወታደሮች በተደጋጋሚ ቢያዩትም ተራ chemical እየመሰላቸው ያልፉት ነበር። ከሁለተኛው የአለም ጦርነት በኋላ ናዚዎች ተሸንፈው ሰላም ወረደ። በ1952 ወደ ፈሳሽነት የተቀየረው ወርቅ እንደገና recover ተደርጎ  ለNobel Prize commite ተመልሶ እነሱ መልሰው ሜዳልያውን ሰርተውት በ1952 ሜዳልያውን መልሰው ለፊዚስቶቹ አስረክበዋቸዋል። ✍️✍️✍️

"Protons ለአንድ Atom ማንነቱን ሲሰጡት Electrons ባህሪውን ይሰጡታል"

Bill Bryson   ✍️✍️✍️✍️

📖📖 ከላይ የምትመለከቷቸው ምስሎች በ Zürich ከሚገኘው 🧠 የalbert Einstein original Note Book የተወሰዱ ናቸው። የ General relatively theory ሀሳቦቹን calculate ያደርግ የነበረው በዚህ notebook ላይ ነው። የምትመለከቷቸው calculations በሱ እጅ የተፃፉ ናቸው። ✍️✍️✍️

📚📚📚 በmath ትምህርት ላይ ስብስቦችን ወይም Setsን ለመግለፅ የምንጠቀምባቸውን Venn Diagrams ለመጀመርያ ግዜ በ19th century መጀመርያ ላይ  propose ያደረገው ይህ John Venn የሚባል ሰው ነው። Venn Diagram " የVenn diagram" እያልን የምንጠራውም ለዛ ነው። ለመጀመርያ ግዜም Venn Diagrams በጥቅም ላይ የዋሉት በJohn Venn "Symbolic Logic" በሚለው መፅሀፉ ነበር። ይሄንን ታሪካዊ መፅሀፍ ከታች አያይዤላችኋለሁ። ✍️✍️

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