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7. The centromeres divide and sister chromatids separate and pulled to the opposite ends of each cell.
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6. The process of meiosis is a characteristic feature of organism that reproduce asexually .
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4. Telophase is also known as a reversed prophase because what has disaooeared during the interphase will dusappear during this phase.
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3. In which phase choesion protein binding the sister chromatids together known as centromere, breakdown.
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Citizenship
👉International human right convention
🔶beside to the UN charter and the UDHR the UN presenting has more than 10 core human rights instruments.
1. The convention on the prevention and punishment of the crime Genocide 1948.
2. The convention relating to the status of refuge as 1951.
3. The international covanent on civil and political rights 1966.
4. The slavery convention on 1926 but amended by protocol in 1953.
5. The international covanent on civil and political rights 1966.
6. The convention against torture and other creul in human degarading punishment .
7. The international convention on the elimination of all forms of rasiat discrimination .
8. The convention of the elimination of all forms of discrimination against woman.
9. The convention on the right of child.
10. Tje international convention on the protection of the right of all migrant worker and members of their families.
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4. Under the uUN umbrella there are regional human rights system which cover three parts of the world. Them are
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Citizenship
UDHR
🔶The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a milestone document in the history of human rights, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 10, 1948, in Paris. The declaration was drafted in the aftermath of World War II, a period marked by widespread atrocities and a recognition of the need for a universal standard of human rights to prevent such horrors from occurring again.
👉Historical Context
1. Post-World War II Environment: The devastation of World War II and the Holocaust highlighted the urgent need for a framework to protect individual rights and promote peace. The atrocities committed during the war led to a global consensus on the necessity of safeguarding human dignity.
2. Formation of the United Nations: In 1945, the United Nations (UN) was established to foster international cooperation and prevent future conflicts. One of its primary goals was to promote and protect human rights.
3. Commission on Human Rights: In 1946, the UN established the Commission on Human Rights, chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt, who played a crucial role in advocating for human rights. The commission was tasked with drafting a declaration that would outline fundamental human rights.
👉Drafting Process
1. Diverse Contributions: The drafting process involved representatives from various countries, cultures, and legal traditions, reflecting a wide range of perspectives on human rights. Notable figures included René Cassin (France), Charles Malik (Lebanon), Peng Chun Chang (China), and others.
2. Adoption of the UDHR: After extensive discussions and revisions, the UDHR was adopted by the UN General Assembly on December 10, 1948, with 48 member states voting in favor and eight abstaining. The declaration consists of 30 articles outlining a broad range of rights, including civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights.
👉Key Principles of the UDHR
• Inherent Dignity: The UDHR emphasizes that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
• Universal Applicability: The declaration asserts that human rights are universal and should be protected for all people, regardless of nationality, ethnicity, religion, or any other status.
• Non-discrimination: It prohibits discrimination based on race, gender, religion, or any other characteristic.
• Right to Life, Liberty, and Security: It recognizes the right to life, liberty, and personal security as fundamental rights.
👉Impact and Legacy
1. Foundation for International Law: The UDHR has served as a foundation for numerous international treaties and national constitutions aimed at protecting human rights. It has inspired various human rights instruments, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR).
2. Global Influence: The principles enshrined in the UDHR have influenced human rights movements worldwide and have been used as a benchmark for assessing governments' human rights records.
3. Continued Relevance: Over the years, the UDHR has remained a vital reference point for advocacy and activism in promoting human rights globally. It continues to inspire efforts to address contemporary issues such as inequality, discrimination, and violations of rights.
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