basic nursing knowledge

#ANATOMICAL_POSITIONS #basic nursing knowledge the scientific study of the structure of an organism and the relationships of its different parts PHYSIOLOGY the scientific study of the functions of living organisms and their parts PATHOLOGY the scientific study of disease (e.g. infection or cancer) DISEASE abnormalities of the body structure or function that prevents the body from being stable and alive LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION chemical-cellular-tissues-organ-system-organism ANATOMICAL POSITION the standard reference position of a body-a standing posture with arms at the sides and the palms, head, and feet forward SUPINE POSITION when the body is lying face upward PRONE POSITION when the body is lying face downward SUPERIOR Toward the head end or upper part of a organism or the body; above INFERIOR Toward the feet or lower part of an organism or body; below ANTERIOR front or ventral of a body POSTERIORI back or dorsal of a body MEDIAL situated near the median plane of the body or the midline of an organ. The opposite of lateral LATERAL situated on one side or other of the body or of an organ, esp. in the region furthest from the median plane. The opposite of medial PROXIMAL Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk DISTAL directed away from the midline or mesial plane of the body SAGITTAL PLANE vertical division of the body into right and left portions TRANSVERSE PLANE runs horizontally from right to left, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts FRONTAL PLANE a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions SUPERFICIAL on or near the surface; concerned with or understanding only what is on the surface, shallow DEEP away from the body surface; more internal VENTRAL toward or on or near the belly (front of a primate or lower surface of a lower animal) DORSAL belonging to or on or near the back or upper surface of an animal or organ or part THORACIC CAVITY the cavity in the vertebrate body enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck and containing the lungs and heart ABDOMINAL CAVITY space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines; also called the abdomen PELVIC CAVITY Contains the urinary bladder, the reproductive organs, and the last part of the large intestine. ABDOMINOPEVIC CAVITY contains both the abdominal and pelvic cavities CERVICAL of or relating to the cervix of the uterus CUTANEOUS relating to or existing on or affecting the skin GLUTEN of or relating to or near the gluteus muscles OCCIPITAL posterior surface of head POPLITEAL back of knee CRANIAL skull DIGITALl fingers, toes INGUINAL Area where thigh meets body trunk; groin PALMAR palm of the hand TARSAL ankle ATROPHY a decrease in size of an organ caused by disease or disuse CRURAL of or relating the leg from the knee to the foot FACIAL face LUMBAR of or relating to or near they part of the back between the ribs and the hipbones PEDAL of or relating to the feet TEMPORAL of or relating to the temples (the sides of the skull behind the orbit) ANTEBRACHIAL forearm ANTECUBITAL of or relating to the region of the arm in front of the elbow BRACHIAL of or relating to an arm CARPAL any of the eight small bones of the wrist CEPHALIC of or relating to the head CUBITAL of or relating to the elbow FEMORAL of or relating to or near the femur or thigh MAMMARY of or relating to the milk-giving gland of the female PLANTAR relating to or occurring on the undersurface of the foot; sole of foot UMBILICAL relating to or resembling the umbilicus; navel HOMEOSTASIS process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment NEGATIVE FEEDBACK feedback in opposite phase with (decreasing) the input POSITIVE FEEDBACK feedback in phase with (augmenting) the input ATROPHY a decrease in size of an organ caused by disease or disuse HYPERTROPHY abnormal enlargement of a body part or organ

Vitamins_Deficiency #basic nursing kniwledge 1- Vitamin “A”: Night blindness 2- Vitamin “B1”: Beriberi 3- Vitamin “B2”: Ariboflavinosis 4- Vitamin “B3”: Pellagra 5- Vitamin “B5”: Parestheia 6- Vitamin “B6”: Anemia 7- Vitamin “B7”: Dermititis and enteritis 8- Vitamin “B9” - “B12”: Megaloblastic anemia 9- Vitamin “B17”: Cancer 10- Vitamin “C”: Scurvy and swelling of gums 11- Vitamin “D”: Rickets and Osteomalacia 12- Vitamin “E”: less fertility 13- Vitamin “K”: Non-Clotting of blood

IMPORTANT POINTS IN HISTORY OF PUBLIC HEALTH #basic nursing knowledge 🔹World's first organized body of medical knowledge - Chinese medicine 🔹AYUSH - Ayurveda, Yoga and naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy 🔹Ayurveda, Yoga and Siddha are indian origin. 🔹Siddha originated in tamil speaking areas of south india 🔹Father of homeopathy - Samuel Hahnemann 🔹Unani tibb - originated from greek medicine 🔹First codification of medical knowledge - Hammurabi (Babilonian code of Hammurabi) 🔹Hippocrates - Father of medicine - Father of modern medicine - Author of 'Air, water, places' - First true epidemiologist 🔹Charaka - Father of Indian medicine 🔹Sushratha - Father of indian surgery - Father of plastic surgery - Author of 'Sushratha samhitha' 🔹Ambroise pare - Father of modern surgery 🔹Avicenna - Author of 'Canon of medicine' and 'The book of healing' 🔹Andreas vesalius - Author of 'Fabrica' - Father of modern anatomy 🔹Jules Guerin - Coined the term Social medicine 🔹John snow - Father of epidemiology - Studies 'Spot maps' - first done in london 🔹Edward jenner - Invented small pox vaccine - Coined the term - Vaccination 🔹Louis pasteur - Germ theory of diseases - Invented vaccines against - Chicken pox, Anthrax, Rabies - Coined term - Vaccine 🔹Robert Koch - Koch's postulates - Identifies 3 organisms - V. cholera, Anthrax, M. tuberculosis 🔹James lind - Scurvey trial on british navy - First introduced the concept of 'preventive medicine' 🔹Joseph goldberger Pellagra is because of nutritional deficiency 🔹Ronald Ross - Life cycle of plasmodium within anopheles - Worked in india 🔹Alphonso laveran - Identified malarial parasite - Life cycle of plasmodium in man 🔹Walter reed - Transmission of yellow fever by aedes 🔹Edwin chadwick - Enactment of public health act in 1848 (great sanitary awakening) 🔹Fracastorius - Theory of contagion - Mode of transmission of syphilis - Founder of epidemiology 💥 Father of public health is a disease - CHOLERA 💥Barometer of social welfare - TUBERCULOSIS 💥First bacterium discovered as a cause of disease - LEPROSY Note : 🦋 Founder of epidemiology - Fracastorius 🦋 Father of epidemiology - John snow 🦋 First true epidemiologist - Hippocrates 🦋 First distinguished epidemiologist - Thomas sydenham

*BLOOD TRANSFUSION* :- #basic nursing knowledge *PRBC*.......storage temp. ( *2- 6°c*) Storage time.........( *35 - 42 days*) Transfusion time. .... *2 - 4 hrs* *WHOLE BLOOD* Storage Temp. = *2 - 6°c* Storage time :- *35 days* Transfusion time :- *2 - 4 hrs* *PLATELETS* Storage temp. - *22 - 24°c* Storage time :- *5 days* Transfusion time:- *15 - 30 min. Single donor platelets* SDP RDP :- 4 - 5 min. *FRESH FROZEN PLASMA* :- Storage time:- *-20°c* Storage tim q Transfusion time :- *15 - 30 min.* Use within 2hrs

🎉IMPORTANT DATES TO REMEMBER🎉 ✌️✌️#basic nursing days ⭕️January:- 30- National antileprosy day. ⭕️Feb:- 4- world Cancer Day, 28- National science day ⭕️March:- 3- world wildlife day, 8- international women's Day, 2nd Thursday of march- world kidney day, 20- world sparrow day, 21- world forestry day, 22- world water Day, 24- world TB day ⭕️April:- 7- world health day, 17- world haemophilia day, 22- earth Day, 25- world malaria day, last Saturday- veterinary day ⭕️May:- 1- labour day, 3- asthma day, 8- red cross day, 9- thalassemia day, 2nd sunday- mother's Day, 12- hypertension day, 19- hepatitis day, 22- international biodiversity day, 25- thyroid day, 31- No tobacco day ⭕️June:- 5- Environment day, 14- blood donors day, 3rd sunday- father's Day, 21- yoga day, 26- international day against drug abuse and illicit trafficking ⭕️July:- 1- Doctors day(India), 11- population day, 29- international Tiger day ⭕️Aug:- 1to7- world breastfeeding week, 12-elephant/youth day, 20- malaria day, 29- mosquito day/national sports day ⭕️Sept:- 1to7- National nutrition week, 5- world spinal chord injury day, 16- ozone day, 21- Alzheimer's day, last Sunday- world heart day, 28- rabies day ⭕️Oct:- 1st monday- universal children day, 1- national voluntarily blood donation day/world senior citizens day, 3- world habitat day, 4- world animal welfare day, 10- mental health day, 2nd Thursday- world sight day, 16- world food Day, 21- global I2 deficiency day ⭕️Nov:- 1- world ecology day, 7- world Cancer awareness Day, 14- diabetes day, 17- epilepsy day, 21- fisheries day ⭕️Dec:- 1-AIDS day, 2- National pollution prevention in India to mark the Bhopal gas tragedy, 5- soil day, 10- human rights day, 14- nat energy conservation day, 23- kisan farmers day

COMMON LAB VALUES🧪🧫🔬 #Basic nursing knowledge 1. *Hemoglobin* • Male 14-16 g/dl; • Female 12-14 g/dl 2. *Prothrombin time* 10-13 sec 3. *Bleeding time* 1-9 min 4. *Hematocrit* • Male 42-52% ; • Female 36-48% 5. *Platelet*- 150,000- 400,000 6. *RBC* • Male 4.5-5.5 million/L; • Female 4.0-5.0 million/L 7. *Serum Amylase* 80-180 IU/L 8. *Bilirubin(serum)* • total 0.8-1.2mg/dl • direct 0-0.4 mg/dl; • indirect 0.2-0.8 mg/dl; 9. *ABG VALUES* • pH 7.35- 7.45 • PaCo2 35-45 • HCO3 22-27 mEq/L • Pa O2 80-100 mmg 10. *SaO2* 95-100% 11. *Serum Electrolyte* • Sodium 135- 145 mEq/L • Potassium 3.5- 5.0 mEq/L • Calcium 4.2- 5.5 mg/dL • Chloride 98-108 mEq/L • Magnesium 1.5-2.5 mg/dl 12. *BUN* 10-20 mg/dl 13. *Creatinine* 0.8- 1.2 14. *CPK-MB* • Male 50 –325 mu/ml; • Female 50-250 mu/ml 15. *Fibrinogen* 200-400 mg/dl 16. *FBS* 70-100 mg/dl 17. *Glycosylated Hgb* (HbA1c) – 4.0-5.6% 18. *Uric Acid* 2.5 –8 mg/dl 19. *ESR* • Male 15-20 mm/hr; • Female 20-30 mm/hr 20. *Cholesterol* 150- 200 mg/dl 21. *Triglyceride* 140-200 mg/dl 22. *Lactic Dehydrogenase* 100-225 mu/ml 23. *Alkaline phospokinase* 32-92 U/L 24. *Albumin* 3.2- 5.5 mg/dl

FULL FORM OF COMMON MEDICAL words #basic nursing knowledge CBC : : complete blood count CP : : complete picture (of blood) CXR : : X-ray chest (PA view) BT : : bleeding time CT : : clotting time LFT : : liver function test SGOT : : serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase SGPT : : serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase ALP : : alkaline phosphatase ALT : : alanine aminotransferase GGT: :gamma glutamyl transpeptidase GGT: : gamma glutamile transpeptidase GTT: : glucose tolerance test LDH: : lactae dehydrogenase PT: : prothrombing time AF : : atrial fibrillation AIDS : acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AKA : alcoholic ketoacidosis ALL : acute lymphoblastic leukaemia AMI : acute myocardial infarction ARF : acute renal failure HTN : : high blood pressure Hypertension CABG: coronary artery bypass graft CAH: congenital adrenal hyperplasia CCF: congestive cardiac failure CF: cystic fibrosis CHD: coronary heart disease CNS: central nervous system COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CPAP: continuous positive airways pressure CRF: chronic renal failure CSF: cerebrospinal fluid CT: computer mography CVA: cerebrovascular accident (stroke) CVD: cardiovascular disease DKA: diabetic ketoacidosis DU: duodenal ulcer DVT: deep vein thrombosis ECG: electrocardiography/ or cardiogram EEG: electroencephalogram ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESRD: end-stage renal disease FPG: fasting plasma glucose GIT: gastrointestinal tract GU: gastric ulcer GvHD: graft versus host disease HAV: hepatitis A virus HBV: hepatitis B virus Hcg: human chorionic gonadotrophin HAV : : hepatitis A virus HCV hepatitis: C virus HIV: human immunodeficiency virus HNA: heparin neutralising activity ICH: intracranial haemorrhage IDA: iron deficiency anaemia IDDM: insulin dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus IFG: impaired fasting glucose IGT : impaired glucose tolerance IHD: ischaemic heart disease Ig: immunoglobulin IM: intramuscular ITU: intensive therapy unit IV: intravenous IVU: intravenous urogram K: : potassium LBBB: left bundle branch block LCM: left costal margin LFTs: liver function tests LIF: left iliac fossa LUQ: left upper quadrant LVF: left ventricular failure LVH: left ventricular hypertrophy MC&S: microscopy, culture & sensitivity MCH: mean cell haemoglobin MI: myocardial infarction Min: minutes MPD: myeloproliferative disease MRI : magnetic resonance imaging MS : multiple sclerosis or mass spectroscopy Na: : sodium Ca : : calcium NaCl: sodium chloride OA : osteo arthritis RA : : rheumatoid arthritis OCP: oral contraceptive pill PACWP: pulmonary artery capillary wedge pressure PAD: peripheral arterial disease PB: peripheral blood PBC : primary biliary cirrhosis PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention PCL: plasma cell leukaemia PE: pulmonary embolism PR: per rectum PV : : per vagina PV: plasma volume RAS: renal angiotensin system or renal artery stenosis RBBB: right bundle branch block RBCs: red blood cells RCC: red blood cell count Rh: Rhesus (monkey) RIF: right iliac fossa RUQ: right upper quadrant SC: subcutaneous SDH: subdural haemorrhage SOB: shortness of breath SM: smooth muscle SVC : superior vena cava SVCO: superior vena caval obstruction SXR: skull x-ray T°: temperature t1/2: half-life T4: thyroxine TA: temporal arteritis TB: tuberculosis TFT: thyroid function test TIAs: transient ischaemic attacks TPO: thyroid peroxidase TRAB: thyrotropin receptor antibodies TSH : thyroid-stimulating hormone TT: thrombin time UC: ulcerative colitis U&E: urea and electrolytes UCE: : urea creatinine & electrolytes URTI: upper respiratory tract infection UTI: urinary tract infection USS: ultrasound scan VIII: C factor VIII clotting activity VIP: vasoactive intestinal peptide Vit K: vitamin K VSD: ventricular septal defect WBC: :white blood cell TLC : : total leukocytes

#HUMAN_BODY_system #basic nursing knowledge SKELETAL SYSTEM gives the body structure and protects internal organs MUSCULAR SYSTEM works with the skeletal system to allow the body to move DIGESTIVE SYSTEM breaks down food to give the body energy EXCRETORY SYSTEM removes waste products from the body NERVOUS SYSTEM responds to stimuli in the environment, and controls most body functions CIRCULATORY SYSTEM carries needed materials to the body cells, including oxygen; carries waste away from the body, including carbon dioxide RESPIRATORY SYSTEM takes oxygen into the body when we inhale, and releases carbon dioxide when we exhale INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM protects the body, releases excess water in sweat, and helps regulate body temperature REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM produces sex cells that can unite with other sex cells to create offspring LYMPHATIC SYSTEM closely related to the immune system; helps fight viruses, germs, and diseases