PHARMACOLOGY HUBs

1st Mock Test tomorrow Date :- 17th June 2024 FINAL LEAP TEST-SERIES for upcoming FMGE exam 📊FINAL LEAP TEST-SERIES is starting from 17th June 2024 High Yield MOCK TESTs based on changing pattern of FMGE curated by Team Docopsy New Pattern:- Part 1 and Part 2 ➡️Total sections :- 6 ➡️Per Section👇 Questions :- 50 Q Time :- 50 Minutes Interested FMG aspirants 🌐WhatsApp now to join👇 http://wa.me/+919420717898 🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻

1st Mock Test tomorrow Date :- 17th June 2024 FINAL LEAP TEST-SERIES for upcoming FMGE exam 📊FINAL LEAP TEST-SERIES is starting from 17th June 2024 High Yield MOCK TESTs based on changing pattern of FMGE curated by Team Docopsy New Pattern:- Part 1 and Part 2 ➡️Total sections :- 6 ➡️Per Section👇 Questions :- 50 Q Time :- 50 Minutes Interested FMG aspirants 🌐WhatsApp now to join👇 http://wa.me/+919420717898 🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻

FINAL LEAP TEST-SERIES for upcoming FMGE exam 📊FINAL LEAP TEST-SERIES is starting from 17th June 2024 High Yield MOCK TESTs based on changing pattern of FMGE curated by Team Docopsy Interested aspirants🔘 🌐WhatsApp now to join👇 http://wa.me/+919420717898 🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻

FINAL LEAP TEST-SERIES for upcoming FMGE exam 📊FINAL LEAP TEST-SERIES is starting from 17th June 2024 High Yield MOCK TESTs based on changing pattern of FMGE curated by Team Docopsy Interested aspirants🔘 🌐WhatsApp now to join👇 http://wa.me/+919420717898 🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻

FINAL LEAP TEST-SERIES for upcoming FMGE exam 📊FINAL LEAP TEST-SERIES is starting from 16th June 2024 High Yield MOCK TESTs based on changing pattern of FMGE curated by Team Docopsy Interested aspirants🔘 🌐WhatsApp now to join http://wa.me/+919420717898 🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻🔻

135.explanation Correct Answer - D Ans. is 'd' i.e., Pulmonary edema Mannitol It is a nonelectrolyte of low molecular weight that is pharmacologically inert. It raises osmolarity of plasma and tubular fluid. Mannitol decreases tubular water and electrolyte reabsorption by : 1. Due to the osmotic effect, fluid is retained in the lumen of PT. 2. Inhibits transport processes in thick AscL+1 - most important cause of diuresis. 3. Expands ECF (r intravascular volume) - draws water from the intracellular compartment → increases GFR and inhibits renin release. 4. Increases renal blood flow, especially to medulla -3 medullary hypertonicity is reduced → corticomedullary osmotic gradient is dissipated → passive salt reabsortion is reduced. Uses - Raised IOT (glaucoma), raised ICT, to maintain. GFR and urine flow in impending renal failure, and to counteract low osmolality of plasma/ECF due to rapid hemodialysis. Contraindications → Acute tubular necrosis (ARF), anuria, pulmonary edema, Acute LVF, cerebral hemorrhage. Join @PHARMACOLOGYhubs

134.explanation Correct Answer - A Ans. is 'a' i.e., Synthetic amylin analogue NEWER ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS **Exenatide Exenatide is a synthetic glucagon-like peptide - 1 (GLP-1) analogue. GLP-1 is an important incretin that is released from gut in response to oral glucose. But GLP-1 cannot be used clinically as it is degraded rapidly by enzyme dipeptidly peptidase → (DPP-4). Exenatide is resistant to DPP-4. It acts similar to GLP-1 → Enhancement of postprandial insulin release, suppression of glucagon release and appetite as well as slowing of gastric emptying. It is given by subcutaneous route & used in type 2 DM Nausea is the most important side effect. **Sitagliptin This is orally active inhibitor of DPP-4. It prevents degradation of endogenous GLP-1 and other incretins,potentiating their action, resulting in limitation of postprandial hyperglycemia. It is used in type 2 DM. Other DPP-4 inhibitor is vildagliptin. **Pramlintide This is a synthetic amylin analogue (Amylin is a polypeptide produced by pancreatic (3-cells which reduces glucagon secretion from a-cells and delays gastric emptying). Pramlintide attenuates postprandial hyperglycemia and exerts a centrally mediate anorectic action. o It is given by subcutaneous route and is used in both Type 1 and Type 2 DM. **Glucomannan This is a powdered extract from the tuber of konjar. It is promoted as a dietary adjunct for diabetes. It swells in the stomach by absorbing water and is claimed to reduce appetite, blood sugar, serum lipids and relieve constipation. **Bromocriptine Recently bromocriptine has been approved by FDA, as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in type 2 DM. It has been found that dopamine alter insulin resistance by acting on hypothalamus and bromocriptine blocks O2 receptors. Join @PHARMACOLOGYhubs

133.explanation Correct Answer - A Ans. 'a' i.e., Methocholine Join @PHARMACOLOGYhubs