' 𝖥𝗂𝗅𝖾𝗌 𝖧𝖾𝖺𝗅𝗍𝗁 𝖧𝗎𝗌𝗍𝗅𝖾𝗋𝗌

مهمين برضو

- Enumerate items of History 1- personal history 2- present complain 3- present horstory 4- past history 5- family history - Enumerate items of personal history 1- name 2-Age 3-Gender 4-Accupation 5-Residennce 6-Spacial habits - Criteria of complain 1-Simple statement of the patient's complaint in his own words 2-Main symptoms in chronological order 3-Current presenting complaint and its duration - How to take family history 1-Family history of similar disease affecting the members of the patient's family. 2-History of consanguinity -

- Enumerate items of History 1- personal history 2- present complain 3- present horstory 4- past history 5- family history - Enumerate items of personal history 1- name 2-Age 3-Gender 4-Accupation 5-Residennce 6-Spacial habits - Criteria of complain 1-Simple statement of the patient's complaint in his own words 2-Main symptoms in chronological order 3-Current presenting complaint and its duration - How to take family history 1-Family history of similar disease affecting the members of the patient's family. 2-History of consanguinity

<1>●Enumerate important symptoms in cardiac examination -Symptoms of pulmonary venous congestion -symptoms of systemic congestion -Symptoms of low cardiac out put -chest pain -palpitations -Symptoms of HTN -Symptoms of embolization -Cyanosis -fever &Jaundice __ <2>●Enumerate Symptoms of pulmonary venous congestion -dyspnea -orthopnea -PND -Acute pulmonary edema -cough ___ <3>●Enumerate grades of dyspnea -grade 1,in sever exertion -grade 2,in moderate exertion -grade 3,in mild exertion -grade 4,at rest __ <4>● Enumerate causes of PND,cardiac asthma ,pulmonary edema - left ventricular failure -Mitral stenosis ____ <5>●Enumerate causes of cardiac edema -congestive heart failure -right sided heart failure -pericardial effusion -tri cuspid lesion ___ <6>●Enumerate cause of generalised edema -renal -hepatic Nutritional ____ <7>●Enumerate causes of local edema -inflammatory -lymphatic obstruction -venous obstruction -angioneurotoc __ <8> ●Enumerate causes of syncope -cardiac syncope -vasomotor syncope -orthostatic syncope -cerebral syncope -hypoxic syncope -cough and micturation syncope

#ECE3 Cardio Written :

Grades of dyspnea? 1>extra ordinary exertion 2>ordinary exertion 3>sub ordinary  exertion 4>at rest

Causes of Orthopnea ? 1. left ventricular failure 2. Pericardial effusion 3. Severe respiratory diseases as acute severe bronchial asthma, COPD 4. Severe abdominal distension that interfere with the movement of the diaphragm as in massive ascites, severe gaseous distension

Causes of Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)? left ventricular failure MS

Causes of Paroxysmal dyspnea(acute dyspnea)? 1. Bronchial asthma 2. Cardiac asthma 3. Uremic asthma

Causes of Trepopnea? 1.unilateral lung collapse from an endobronchial or extra bronchial obstruction 2.massive pleural effusion 3.massive pneumothorax.