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4 244
147.Explanation
Correct Answer - A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Anteroinferior
Cone of light
Seen in anteroinferior quadrant of the tympanic membrane is
actually the reflection of the light projected into the ear canal to
examine it.
This part reflects it because it is the only part of tympanic membrane
that is approximately at right angles to the meatus.
This difference in different part of the tympanic membrane is due to
the handle of malleus which pulls the tympanic membrane and
causes it to tent inside.
Thus, the handle of malleus causes tenting and because of tenting
the antero-inferior quardrant is at right angles to the meatus and
thus reflects the light (leading to cone light).
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4 244
146.Explanation
Correct Answer - B
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Radiotherapy
Treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Irradiation is treatment of choice (external radiotherapy).,
Radical neck dissection is required for persistent nodes when
primary has been controlled and in post radiation cervical
metastasis.
Systemic chemotherapy is used as palliation for distant metastases
or radiation failure.
For advanced stages (stage III & IV), the cure rate can be doubled
when chemotherapy is combined with radiotherapy
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4 244
145.Explanation
Correct Answer - C
Ans. is 'c' i.e., 13- hemolytic streptococci
Tonsils frequently serve as the site of acute infection, which causes
acute tonsillitis.
Tonsillitis is particularly common in children, especially in school
going age group. However, it can occur in adult also.
Virus initiates an acute tonsillitis attack and predisposes to bacterial
infection.
8-hemolytic streptococcus is the most common organism causing
acute tonsillitis.
Other bacteria causing acute tonsillitis are staphylococcus,
hemophilus and pneumococcus.
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4 244
143.Explanation
Correct Answer - A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Oval window
The most common site of disease is promontory in the region of the
anterior margin of oval window, and in advanced cases the stapes
become ankylosed in position by a mass of new spongy bone.
Why is it so ?
This area is involved most commonly because in this area is located
the fissula ante fenestram, a vestigial structure which frequently
contains cartilaginous remnants and which is particularly prone to
otosclerotic changes
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4 244
142. Which structure prevents spread of infection form middle ear to brain ?
4 244
141.Explanation
Correct Answer - D
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Reduction of impedance to sound transmission
The ear canal (auditory canal) acts as a resonator, i.e. it resonates
(amplifies frequencies) between 2000 and 5000 (average 3000)
cycles per second and therefore most energy will be transmitted to
the cochlea in these frequencies.
However, if this sound energy hits the inner ear fluid directly most of
the energy would be reflected, resulting in hearing loss (as all the
sound wave is reflected and nothing is a transmitted as electrical
impulse).
Therefore, there is a need for a transformer mechanism, a need that
is fullfilled by middle ear → middle ear converts sound of greater
amplitude but lesser force to that of lesser amplitude but greater
force.
This function of the middle ear is called impedence matching
mechanism or the transformer action.
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4 244
141. Ossicles of middle ear are responsible for which of the following ?
