Important knowledge

🔴Brain Herniation 🔰Types 1. SubFalcine (Cingulate Gyrus) ➡️ Compress The Internal Cerebral V/Ant Cerebral A 2. TransTentorial ➡️ Downward Displacement Of Diencephalon/Basal Ganglia/Mid Brain Through The Tentorial Notch 3. Tonsillar ➡️ Herniation Of Cerebellar Tonsils Through The Foramen Magnum ➡️ Decerebration ➡️ Apnea 4. TransCalvarial ➡️ Brain Herniation Through Defect in Skull 5. Uncal ➡️ Herniation Of Uncus Or Medial Part Of Temporal Lobe ➡️ Compression Of Midbrain/3rd N/Post Cerebral A

Halo sign تطلع بورقه الترشيح ( الكلينساية) Indicate CSF leakage (Rhinorrhea or otorrhea ) Indicate basal skull fracture Anterior cerebral fossa in rhinorrhea Middle cerebral fossa in otorrhea

⚡️Orthopedic surgery

⚡️Important notes abouts Urology

⚡️Important notes about neurosurgery

⚡️ شغلات جوكر باي محطة هستري 1) great the patient & introduce your self ورة متكمل الاسالة الي ببالك 2) past medical history 3) past surgical history 4) social history ( smoking, alkohol) 5) drug history 6) family history

⚡️ the most common cause of non traumatic spleen rupture is malarial spleen

⚡️تناقظات ال anus -------------- ▪︎ ال hemorrhoids من نشيلها بعملية ممكن يصير عدنا fissure ك complication نتيجة ال spasm الي يصير بال sphincter من ال pain ▪︎اذا شلنا ال abcess ال track الي فتحناها ممكن تصير fistula وكذلك اذا عدنا fistula وشلناها (كحورناها ) المنطقة الي بقت ممكن يتجمع بيها pus وتصير abcess

⚡️Endotrachial intubation

⚡️بال Intestinal obstruction بالبداية يكون عدنا colicky pain ميكون قوي وكذلك intermittent بسبب ال exaggerated peristalsis بال early phase بعدها يختفي ال pain بال late phase بعد ماتختفي ال peristalsis ▪︎في حال رجع الالم مرة ثانية بعد ما اختفى او بلبظاية تحول الى constant & severe لازم نفكر انو صار عدنا complication مثلا bowel perforation

Types of colicky pain

Colicky pain

⚡️بالاطفال منشخص appendicitis اذا ماكو vomiting (It is rare to find a child with appendicitis who has not vomited)

Content of inguinal canal

⚡️Ddx of RIF mass ------------ ▪︎appendiculer mass ▪︎TB ▪︎CA ▪︎ chron's disease

⚡️Presentation of chron's disease ------------------------- ▪︎RIF pain (mimic appendicitis) ▪︎chronic diarrhea (watery) ▪︎perianal lession ♧ fistula (recurrent not responding to treatment) ♧ abcess ♧discharge ♧swelling ♧ itching ▪︎RIF mass (common)

Preoperative skin shaving should be undertaken in the operating theatre immediately before surgery as the SSI rate after clean wound surgery may be doubled if shaving is performed the night before , because minor skin injury enhances superficial bacterial colonisation. Cream depilation is messy and hair clipping is best, with the lowest rate of infection بيلي 🖤

⚡️pre-op ----------------- ♦️The progesterone-only contraceptive pill should be continued before surgery ♦️Consider stopping estrogen-containing oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy 4 weeks before surgery