IPH EXERCISE

Noun phrase suggestions for "global problems " Global issues Global matters Solving global problems Tackling global problems International issues The most pressing problems The most urgent matters The most pressing issues #noun_phrase @Iran_PTE_House

📍#RFIB 📍#ANSWERS 📌#535_Politeness_in_Communication 1. Obligation (n.): an act or course of action to which a person is morally or legally bound; a duty or commitment. 2. Infringe (v.): If something infringes on/upon someone's rights or freedom, it takes away some of their rights or limits their freedom. 3. Interlocutors (n.): a person who takes part in a dialogue or conversation. 4. Incendiary (adj.): tending to stir up conflict. 📌#514_Food_Choices 1. Incur (v.): become subject to (something unwelcome or unpleasant) as a result of one's own behavior or actions. 2. Degradation (n.): to destroy the quality of something 3. Shifts (n.): a slight change in position, direction, or tendency. 4. Outsized (adj.): exceptionally large. 📌#502_African_Refugees 1. Displacement (n.): the action of moving something from its place or position. 2. Uprooted (v.): move (someone) from their home or a familiar location. 3. Neighboring (adj.): (of a place or object) be situated next to or very near (another). 4. Tremendous (adj.): very great in amount, scale, or intensity.

Conflict driven large-scale ---1--- (both internal and external) is among the main challenges facing sub-Saharan Africa today. According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, more than 2.3 million South Sudanese ---2--- from their homes have fled to ---3--- countries, with 82% of them being women or children. These refugees face ---4--- social, health, and livelihood challenges. A) Neighboring B) Deserted C) Displacement D) Enough E) Uprooted F) Emit G) Tremendous #RFIB #502_African_Refugees

The food we eat every day keeps us alive, but it can also ---1--- big health and environmental costs — heart disease, carbon emissions, soil ---2---, and more. A recent study published in Nature Food finds that small ---3--- in the food choices Americans make could have ---4--- benefits to both health and planet. A) Sustain B) Degradation C) Deteriorate D) Shifts E) Outsized F) Evolution G) Incur #RFIB #514_Food_Choices

In human communication, the communicators involved in the interaction have an ---1--- to show politeness to each other for a successful conversation. Non-observance of politeness in a communicative act has the potential to ---2--- upon the public self-image of the addressees. When people become aware of the importance of the needs of their ---3---, they tend to avoid embarrassments and ---4--- language. A) Informant B) Infringe C) Interlocutors D) Compulsory E) Incendiary F) Obligation G) Deprive #RFIB #535_Politeness_in_Communication

📍ANSWERS 1. D. to paint (v.) 2. B. included (v.) 3. C. was formed (v.) 4. A. made up (phrasal verb): to form a particular thing. 5. B. was applied (v.): bring or put into operation or use. (معنا با توجه به استفاده در متن) 6. A. created (v.) 7. D. had dispersed (v.): distribute or spread over a wide area. #RWFIB #597_Painting_Movement

Movement in painting that originated in France in the 1860s and had enormous influence in European and North American painting in the late 19th century. The Impressionists wanted to depict real life, ---1--- straight from nature, and to capture the changing effects of light. The term was first used abusively to describe Claude Monet's painting Impression: Sunrise (1872). The other leading Impressionists ---2--- Paul Camile, Edgar Degas, Edouard Manet, Camille Pissarro, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, and Alfred Sisley, but only Monet remained devoted to Impressionist ideas throughout his career. The core of the Impressionist group ---3--- in the early 1860s by Monet, Renoir, and Sisley, who met as students and enjoyed painting in the open air - one of the hallmarks of Impressionism. They met other members of the Impressionist circle through Paris café society. They never ---4--- a formal group, but they organized eight group exhibitions between 1874 and 1886, at the first of which the name Impressionism ---5---. Their styles were diverse, but all experimented with effects of light and movement ---6--- with distinct brush strokes and fragments of color dabbed side-by-side on the canvas rather than mixed on the palette. By the 1880s the movement's central impulse ---7---, and a number of new styles were emerging, later described as post-impressionism. British Impressionism had a major influence on the more experimental and progressive British painters in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. 1) A. painted B. painting C. had painted D. to paint 2) A. includes B. included C. include D. have included 3) A. had been formed B. has formed C. was formed D. were formed 4) A. made up B. made with C. made out of D. made up of 5) A. had been applied B. was applied C. applied D. had applied 6) A. created B. has been created C. has created D. was created 7) A. disperses B. has dispersed C. dispersing D. had dispersed #RWFIB #597_Painting_Movement

📍ANSWERS 1. B. hiring (v.) 2. C. provides (v.) 3. D. revised (v.): examine and make corrections or alterations to (written or printed matter). 4. C. were (v.) 5. A. increases (v.) 6. B. will be (v.) 7. C. can explain (v.) #RWFIB #93_Sex-biased_Hiring

Discrimination against women has been alleged in ---1--- practices for many occupations, but it is extremely difficult to demonstrate sex-biased hiring. A change in the way symphony orchestras recruit musicians ---2--- an unusual way to test for sex-biased hiring. To overcome possible biases in hiring, most orchestras ---3--- their audition policies in the 1970s and 1980s. A major change involved the use of 'blind' auditions with a 'screen' to conceal the identity of the candidate from the jury. Female musicians in the top five symphony orchestras in the United States ---4--- less than 5% of all players in 1970 but are 25% today. We ask whether women were more likely to be advanced and/or hired with the use of 'blind' auditions. Using data from actual auditions in an individual fixed-effects framework, we find that the screen ---5--- by 50% the probability a woman will be advanced out of certain preliminary rounds. The screen also enhances, by several fold, the likelihood a female contestant ---6--- the winner in the final round. Using data on orchestra personnel, the switch to 'blind' auditions ---7--- between 30% and 55% of the increase in the proportion female among new hires and between 25% and 46% of the increase in the percentage female in the orchestras since 1970. 1) A. hire B. hiring C. being hired D. has hired 2) A. provide B. providing C. provides D. provided 3) A. are revising B. revise C. had revised D. revised 4) A. are B. had been C. were D. is 5) A. increases B. is increasing C. has increased D. increased 6) A. would be B. will be C. is D. to be 7) A. might explain B. should explain C. can explain D. would explain #RWFIB #93_Sex-biased_Hiring

📍ANSWERS 1. A. tested (v.) 2. B. containing (v.) 3. B. were tested (v.) 4. C. made (v.) 5. D. be published (v.) 6. C. are commissioned (v.): order or authorize the production of (something). #RWFIB #214_Wrinkle_Cure

Barrie Finning's, a professor at Monash University' s college of pharmacy in Melbourne, and PhD student Anita Schneider, recently ---1--- a new wrinkle cure. Twice daily, 20 male and female volunteers applied a liquid ---2--- Myoxinol, a patented extract of okra (Hibiscusesculentus) seed, to one side of their faces. On the other side they applied a similar liquid without Myoxinol. Every week for a month their wrinkles ---3--- by self-assessment, photography and the size of depressions ---4--- in silicon molds. The results were impressive. After a month the depth and number of wrinkles on the Myoxinol-treated side were reduced by approximately 27 per cent. But Finnin's research, commissioned by a cosmetics company, is unlikely to ---5--- in a scientific publication. It' s hard to even find studies that show the active ingredients in cosmetics penetrate the skin, let alone more comprehensive research on their effects. Even when rigorous studies ---6---, companies usually control whether the work is published in the traditional scientific literature. 1) A. tested B. is tested C. was tested D. had tested 2) A. contains B. containing C. contained D. to contain 3) A. are tested B. were tested C. test D. have been tested 4) A. were made B. is made C. made D. have been made 5) A. publish B. have published C. publishing D. be published 6) A. have commissioned B. commission C. are commissioned D. commissioning #RWFIB #214_Wrinkle_Cure

✅ Answer: 1. recently, 2. extinction, 3. disappear, 4. comers, 5. ancestors, 6. creatures. #LFIB

So what happened? Well, we know for certain that as ...1... as the 1800s –that ‘s just 200 years ago –lions were being hunted to ...2... in some parts of the world, sometimes just for sport. But long before that, about 10,000 years ago, lions started to ...3... from various ...4... of the globe. Scientists believe there was the usual battle with our human ...5... for food, in the form of other, smaller ...6... , with many lions also being killed to make clothing so ..... #Lfib #Apeuni ——————————————————— 🎖Together we persevere, Together we can 🎖 @Iran_pte_house

✅ Answer: 1. retained, 2. boundary, 3. immediately, 4. lily, 5. visible, 6. sculptures, 7. bend. #LFIB

Ok, let me tell you about some of the changes that have been made –and some things that have been ...1... . If you look at this map, you’ll see the familiar outline of the park, with the river forming the northern ...2... , and a gate in each of the other three walls. The statue of Diane Gosforth has been moved: it used to be close to the south gate, but it’s now ...3... to the north of the ...4... pond, almost in the center of the park, which makes it much more ...5... . There’s a new area of wooden ...6... , which are on the river bank, where the path from the east gate makes a sharp ...7... . #Lfib #Apeuni ——————————————————— 🎖Together we persevere, Together we can 🎖 @Iran_pte_house

✅ Answer: 1. compositions, 2. instrument, 3. expressive, 4. audiences, 5. trilogy, 6. tragedies. #LFIB

Liza Lim’s ...1... are vibrant and full of energy, and she often explores Asian and Australian Aboriginal cultural sources, including the native ...2..., the didgeridoo: this is featured in a work called The Compass. Her music is very ...3.... , so although it is complex, it has the power of connecting with ....4.... and performers alike. In the festival we’re going to give a semi-staged performance of The Oresteia. This is an opera in seven parts, based on the ...5.... of ancient Greek ....6.... by Aeschylus. #Lfib #Apeuni ——————————————————— 🎖Together we persevere, Together we can 🎖 @Iran_pte_house