IPH EXERCISE

#RA

The effects of soil erosion go beyond the loss of fertile land. It has led to increased pollution and sedimentation in streams and rivers, clogging these water ways and causing declines in fish and other species. Degraded lands are also often less able to hold onto water, which can worsen flooding. Sustainable land use can help to reduce the impacts of agriculture and livestock. #RA #954_Degraded_Lands

Internal combustion engine enables the driver to decide which source of power is appropriate for the travel requirements of a given journey. Major US auto manufacturers are now developing feasible hybrid electric vehicles, and some are exploring fuel-cell technology for their electric cars. #RA #Apeuni_prediction #Apeuni_289 ——————————————————— 🎖Together we persevere, Together we can 🎖 @Iran_pte_hous

Main Ideas: - studying all human remains - offering unique insights - the lives of individuals in the past - curtailing the ability of archeologists - excavations in England and Wales - being reburied after a two-year period - prehistoric remains - the possibility of long-term scientific investigation - utilizing new techniques in the future - museum collections Other Points: - revising burial legislation - being removed from the curation process - the preservation and accessibility of human remains (alternative) Sample Answer: Although studying all human remains can perceive the lives of individuals in the past as curtailing the ability of archeologists because of offering unique insights, being reburied after a two-year period could associate prehistoric remains with excavations in England and Wales; moreover, the possibility of long-term scientific investigation may derive museum collections from utilizing new techniques in the future. (59 words) #SWT #Apeuni_19 ——————— @Iran_pte_house

Human remains are a fundamental part of the archaeological record, offering unique insights into the lives of individuals and populations in the past. Recently a new set of challenges to the study of human remains has emerged from a rather unexpected direction: the British government revised its interpretation of nineteenth-century burial legislation in a way that would drastically curtail the ability of archaeologists to study human remains of any age excavated in England and Wales. This paper examines these extraordinary events and the legal, political and ethical questions that they raise. In April 2008 the British government announced that, henceforth, all human remains archaeologically excavated in England and Wales should be reburied after a two-year period of scientific analysis. Not only would internationally important prehistoric remains have to be returned to the ground, removing them from public view, but also there would no longer be any possibility of long-term scientific investigation as new techniques and methods emerged and developed in the future. Thus, while faunal remains, potsherds, artifacts and environmental samples could be analyzed and re-analyzed in future years, human remains were to be effectively removed from the curation process. Archaeologists and other scientists were also concerned that this might be the first step towards a policy of reburying all human remains held in museum collections in England and Wales including prehistoric, Roman, Saxon, Viking and Medieval as well as more recent remains. #SWT #Apeuni_19 ————————————————————— 🎖Together we persevere, Together we can 🎖 @Iran_pte_house

📍ANSWERS #RWFIB #158_Facial_Appearance 1. B. investigates (v.): to examine a crime, problem, statement, etc. carefully, especially to discover the truth. 2. C. Whereby (adv.): by which way or method. 3. B. Existence (n.): the state of being present or of being a condition. 4. D. Extends (v.): to add to something in order to make it bigger or longer. 5. A. Underlying (adj.): used to describe something on which something else is based. 6. C. Prophecy (n.): a statement that tells what will happen in the future. 7. B. Sufficient (adj.): enough for a particular purpose.

Research demonstrates that facial appearance affects social perceptions. The current research ---1--- the reverse possibility: Can social perceptions influence facial appearance? We examine a social tag that is associated with us early in life — our given name. The hypothesis is that name stereotypes can be manifested in facial appearance, producing a face-name matching effect, ---2--- both a social perceiver and a computer are able to accurately match a person’s name to his or her face. In 8 studies we demonstrate the ---3--- of this effect, as participants examining an unfamiliar face accurately select the person’s true name from a list of several names, significantly above chance level. We replicate the effect in 2 countries and find that it ---4--- beyond the limits of socioeconomic cues. We also find the effect using a computer-based paradigm and 94,000 faces. In our exploration of the ---5--- mechanism, we show that existing name stereotypes produce the effect, as its occurrence is culture-dependent. A self-fulfilling ---6--- seems to be at work, as initial evidence shows that facial appearance regions that are controlled by the individual (e.g., hairstyle) are ---7--- to produce the effect, and socially using one’s given name is necessary to generate the effect. Together, these studies suggest that facial appearance represents social expectations of how a person with a specific name should look. In this way a social tag may influence one’s facial appearance. 1) A. searches B. investigates C. discovers D. observes 2) A. ever B. despite C. whereby D. notwithstanding 3) A. indolence B. existence C. transience D. evanescence 4) A. prolongs B. increase C. hovers D. extends 5) A. underlying B. discursive C. evasive D. oblique 6) A. observation B. preference C. prophecy D. stipulation 7) A. suffice B. sufficient C. respectable D. efficient #RWFIB #158_Facial_Appearance

📍ANSWERS 📍#RFIB 📌#226_Space 1. Spending (n.): pass (time) in a specified way or in a particular place. 2. Damage (n.): physical harm that impairs the value, usefulness, or normal function of something. 3. Muscles (n.): a band or bundle of fibrous tissue in a human or animal body that has the ability to contract, producing movement in or maintaining the position of parts of the body. 4. Restricted (v.): put a limit on; keep under control. 5. Deteriorated (adj.): become progressively worse. 📌#117_Colorful_Poison_Frogs 1. Diversity (n.): the state of being diverse; variety. 2. Major (adj.): important, serious, or significant. 3. Reservoirs (n.): a large natural or artificial lake used as a source of water supply. 4. Counter (adv.): in a way that opposes something. 5. Tropical (adj.): from or relating to the area between the two tropics. 📌#30_Perks 1. Scheme (n.): an organized plan for doing something. 2. Ensure (v.): to make something certain to happen. 3. Avoid (v.): to stay away from someone or something. 4. Entitlement (n.): a situation in which you have the right to do or have something. 5. Basis (n.): the most important facts, ideas, etc. from which something is developed. 📌#363_Business_Emission 1. Disclose (v.): to make something known publicly, or to show something that was hidden. 2. Data (n.): information, especially facts or numbers, collected to be examined and considered and used to help decision-making. 3. Conflate (v.): to combine two or more separate things, especially pieces of text, to form a whole. 4. Invigilators (n.): a person whose job is to watch people taking an exam in order to check that they do not cheat.

An American retail giant is set to ask its suppliers to measure and report their greenhouse gas emissions. There is a need to ---1--- business emission. The ---2--- of emission can be used to test which company causes climate change, and ---3--- the government campaigners and environmental ---4---. #RFIB #363_Business_Emission A) Dislike B) Data C) Invigilators D) Dismiss E) Conflate F) Disclose G) Landlord

Employers often offer employees perks in addition to cash wages, for example, membership of a health insurance or company pension ---1---. If they do, they must ---2--- that they are fair in providing these benefits in order to ---3--- discrimination. For instance, if an employer includes an ---4--- to low-interest loans in male, but not female, employees' contracts, the female employees could take the employer to court on the ---5--- of unequal treatment. #RFIB #30_Perks A) Scheme B) Consideration C) Entitlement D) Ensure E) Allegation F) Avoid G) Basis

Colorful poison frogs in the Amazon owe their great ---1--- to ancestors that leapt into the region from the Andes Mountains several times during the last 10 million years, a new study from The University of Texas at Austin suggests. This is the first study to show that the Andes have been a ---2--- source of diversity for the Amazon basin, one of the largest ---3--- of biological diversity on Earth. The finding runs ---4--- to the idea that Amazonian diversity is the result of evolution only within the ---5--- forest itself. #RFIB #117_Colorful_Poison_Frogs A) Counter B) Diversity C) Accordant D) Reservoirs E) Tropical F) Major G) Essential

Researchers already know that ---1--- long periods of time in a zero-gravity environment - such as that inside the International Space Station (ISS) - results in loss of bone density and ---2--- to the body's ---3---. That's partly why staying aboard has been ---4--- to six months by the ISS. And now, a number of NASA astronauts are reporting that their 20/20 vision ---5--- after spending time in space, with many needing glasses once they returned to Earth. #RFIB #226_Space A) Restricted B) Deteriorated C) Devastate D) Muscles E) Spending F) Integrated G) Damage

🔆 Transcript: Today a university like the LSE in London certainly has to acknowledge that it is in competition for the best students, all of whom have choices they can exercise, and many of them choices which run across national and continental borders. We are in competition, too, for staff. The academic job market is one of the most global 25 there is. And in the 21st century, English is the new Latin, so universities in English-speaking countries are really exposed to more intense competition than those elsewhere. We are in competition for government funding, through the assessment of research quality. We are in competition for research contracts, from public and private sector sources, and indeed we are in competition for the philanthropic pound. Many of our own donors were at more than one university and indeed think of the LSE's requests alongside those of other charities to which they are committed. That is a competition environment that is particularly visible to a vice-Chancellor. 🔆 Main Points: ⚜️the best students and staff ⚜️the academic job market ⚜️English-speaking countries' universities ⚜️being exposed to more intensive competition ⚜️government funding ⚜️research contracts ⚜️the philanthropic pound ⚜️a competition environment other points: ⚜️the LSE University ⚜️public and private sector sources 🔆 Sample Answer: The essential feature of this topic was to determine the LSE University. Although the best students and staff can perceive the academic job market as English-speaking countries' universities, being exposed to more intensive competition could associate government funding with research contracts. Consequently, public and private sector sources may derive the philanthropic pound from a competition environment. ( 59 words) #SST #Apeuni_Prediction #Apeuni_96 #Internet ————————————————————— 🎖Together we persevere, Together we can 🎖 @Iran_pte_house