UPSC Polity PSIR Quiz Notes PDF

🟢⚡️ प्रमुख संविधान संशोधन ⚡️🟢 🔈1st (1950) - भूमि सुधार 🔈35th (1974) - सिक्किम को भारतीय संघ के सह राज्य का दर्जा 🔈36th (1975) - सिक्किम को पूर्ण राज्य का दर्जा 🔈42nd (1976) - समाजवादी धर्मनिरपेक्ष राष्ट्र की अखंडता को परिभाषित किया गया, नीति निदेशक तत्व को अधिक व्यापक बनाया गया, मूल कर्तव्यों को जोड़ा गया, न्यायाधीशों की न्यूनतम संख्या निर्धारित की गई 🔈44th (1978) - संपत्ति के अधिकार को मूल अधिकार से हटा दिया गया 🔈52nd (1985) - दलबदल अधिनियम लाया गया 🔈61th (1989) - मताधिकार की आयु 21 से घटाकर 18 की गई 🔈73rd (1993) - पंचायती राज व्यवस्था 🔈74th (1993) - नगर पालिका 🔈86th (2002) - 6 से 14 वर्ष के बच्चों को निशुल्क शिक्षा 🔈101वां (2016) - GST 🔈102वां (2018)- राष्ट्रीय पिछड़ा वर्ग आयोग को संवैधानिक दर्जा 🔈103वां (2019) - EWS के लिए 🔈104वां (2019) - संविधान के अनुच्छेद 334 में संशोधन स्थानों के आरक्षण और विशेष प्रतिनिधित्व का 80 वर्ष के पश्चात ना रहना 🔈105वां (2021) - इस संशोधन ने राज्य सूचियों और पिछड़े वर्गों की पहचान करने और उन्हें अधिसूचित करने की राज्यों की शक्ति को संरक्षित किया।

🧿 Important Indian Polity & Constitution Notes 🧿 ============================== ✅किसी राज्य के राज्यपाल को स्वायत्त जिलों को व्यवस्थित करने और फिर से संगठित करने का अधिकार है। वह स्वायत्त जिलों के क्षेत्रों को बढ़ा या घटा भी सकता है या उनके नाम बदल सकता है या उनकी सीमाओं को परिभाषित कर सकता है। ➨The governor of a state is empowered to organise and re-organise the autonomous districts. He can also increase or decrease the areas of autonomous districts or change their names or define their boundaries and so on. ✅भारत का विधि आयोग न तो संवैधानिक निकाय है और न ही वैधानिक निकाय है। यह एक कार्यकारी निकाय है जिसे भारत सरकार के एक आदेश द्वारा स्थापित किया गया था। इसके प्रमुख कार्य में कानूनी सुधार के लिए काम करना शामिल है। ➨Law Commission of India is neither a constitutional body nor a statutory body. It is an executive body which was established by an order of the Government of India. Its major function includes working for legal reforms. ✅भारत का प्रतिस्पर्धा आयोग (CCI) भारत सरकार द्वारा स्थापित एक वैधानिक निकाय है। आयोग पूरे भारत संघ में प्रतिस्पर्धा अधिनियम, 2002 को लागू करने के लिए जिम्मेदार है। ➨The Competition Commission of India (CCI) is a statutory body established by the Government of India. The Commission is responsible for enforcing the Competition Act, 2002 throughout the India union. ✅भारतीय अंतर्देशीय जलमार्ग प्राधिकरण भारत सरकार द्वारा वर्ष 1986 में शिपिंग और नेविगेशन के लिए अंतर्देशीय जलमार्गों को विनियमित और विकसित करने के लिए बनाया गया था। Inland Waterways Authority of India was created by the government of India in the year 1986 for regulating and developing the inland waterways for shipping and navigation. ✅सिस्टेमैटिक वोटर एजुकेशन एंड इलेक्टोरल पार्टिसिपेशन (SVEEP) भारत के चुनाव आयोग द्वारा शुरू किया गया था। इसका उद्देश्य भारतीय लोकतंत्र को अधिक सहभागी और सार्थक बनाने के लिए मतदाताओं को सूचित करना, शिक्षित करना, प्रेरित करना और सुविधा प्रदान करना है। ➨The Systematic Voter’s Education and Electoral Participation (SVEEP) was launched by the Election Commission of India. Its purpose is to inform, educate, motivate and facilitate voters to make Indian democracy more participative and meaningful. ✅दो या दो से अधिक राज्यों के लिए एक संयुक्त राज्य लोक सेवा आयोग (JSPSC) संबंधित राज्य विधानसभाओं के अनुरोध पर भारत की संसद के एक अधिनियम द्वारा बनाया जाता है। यह एक वैधानिक और संवैधानिक निकाय है। ➨A Joint State Public Service Commission (JSPSC) for two or more states is created by an act of Parliament of India on the request of the state legislatures concerned. It is a statutory and not a constitutional body. ✅लोकसभा में विभिन्न राज्यों को सीटों के आवंटन का मुख्य आधार राज्य की जनसंख्या है। ➨The main basis for allocation of seats to various States in the Lok Sabha is population of the state. ✅राष्ट्रीय अनुसूचित जाति आयोग भारत के राष्ट्रपति को एक वार्षिक रिपोर्ट प्रस्तुत करता है। यह आवश्यक होने पर रिपोर्ट भी प्रस्तुत कर सकता है। ➨The National Commission for Scheduled Castes presents an annual report to the president of India. It can also submit a report as and when it thinks necessary. ✅भारत के संविधान के अनुच्छेद 105 में भारत के अटॉर्नी-जनरल की शक्तियों, विशेषाधिकारों और प्रतिरक्षा के बारे में उल्लेख है। जबकि संसद के सदनों और उसकी समिति के सम्मान के रूप में अटॉर्नी-जनरल के अधिकारों को अनुच्छेद 88 में कहा गया है। ➨The Article 105 of the Constitution of India mentions about the powers, privileges and immunities of Attorney-General of India. Whereas the rights of Attorney-General as respects the Houses of Parliament and its Committee are stated in Article 88. ✅राज्य का महाधिवक्ता राज्य के राज्यपाल द्वारा नियुक्त किया जाता है। वह ऐसा व्यक्ति होना चाहिए जो राज्य के उच्च न्यायालय का न्यायाधीश नियुक्त होने के योग्य हो। ➨The advocate general of the state is appointed by the governor of the state. He must be a person who is qualified to be appointed a judge of a high court of the state.

📕Official Books of Various Country📕 📌White Book➖Official publications of China, Germany and Potugal. 📌White Paper➖Official Paper of the Govt. of Britain and India on a particular issue. 📌Yellow Book➖Official paper of the Govt. of France. 📌Blue Book➖An official report of the British Government. 📌Green Book➖Official Publications of Itali and Persia 📌Grey Book➖Official reports of the Government of Japan and Belgium. 📌Orange Book➖Official publication of the Govt. of Netharlands.

🌟 Important Points 1. Article 356: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar stated that Article 356 (the provision for President's Rule in states) should be used as a last resort and as a means of final recourse. 2. Passing of the Constitution: The Indian Constitution was passed on November 26, 1949, and it came into effect on January 26, 1950. 3. Amendment with the Words 'Socialist,' 'Secular,' and 'Integrity': The words 'Socialist,' 'Secular,' and 'Integrity' were added to the Constitution through the 42nd Amendment. 4. Property Rights Changed to Legal Rights: The right to property was changed from a fundamental right to a legal right through the 44th Amendment. 5. Protection of Personal Liberties: To ensure the protection of personal liberties, citizens can approach the Supreme Court and High Courts. 6. Meaning of Writs: The literal meaning of the term 'Writ' (Quo-Warranto Writ) is "by what authority." 7. Removal of Judges: Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts can be removed by passing impeachment proceedings in Parliament. 8. Mandatory Signature on Finance Bill: The President is required to give assent without reconsideration to the Finance Bill. 9. Vice President's Role: The Vice President serves as the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha (Council of States). 10. Extension of Lok Sabha's Term: The power to extend the term of the Lok Sabha beyond five years is vested in Parliament only during a national emergency. 11. Three Major All India Services: The three major All India Services are the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), the Indian Foreign Service (IFS), and the Indian Police Service (IPS). 12. Chairman of the States' Reorganization Commission: Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was the Chairman of the States' Reorganization Commission, which was formed by the Constitution Assembly. 13. Adoption of the National Flag: The Constituent Assembly adopted the National Flag on July 22, 1947. 14. Number of Articles and Schedules in the Constitution on November 26, 1950: On November 26, 1950, the initial Indian Constitution had 395 Articles and 8 Schedules. 15. Right to Equality: The right to equality is enshrined in Article 14 of the Constitution. 16. Establishment of the Finance Commission: The provision for the establishment of the Finance Commission is mentioned in Article 280 of the Constitution.

✍️ Fundamental Duties (Article 51A) ======================= Article 51A: Fundamental duties - It shall be the duty of every citizen of India 🔹 To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem; 🔹 To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom; 🔹 To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; 🔹 To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so; 🔹 To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture; 🔹 To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures; 🔹 To develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform; 🔹 To safeguard public property and to abjure violence; 🔹 To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement. 🔹 Who is a parent of guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years. 🔹 To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities;to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women;

🟢 IMPORTANT AMENDMENTS: 1. 101st Amendment – GST 2. 52nd Amendment – Anti-Defection Law 3. 42nd Amendment – Mini Constitution 4. 73rd Amendment – Panchayati Raj 5. 74th Amendment – Municipality 6. 86th Amendment (2002) – Right to Education under Article 21A

🕊 Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar (Father of Indian Constitution) - Birth: April 14, 1891 (Mhow, Madhya Pradesh) - Death: December 6, 1956 (New Delhi) (Mahaparinirvan Day) - Father: Ramji Maloji Sakpal - Mother: Bhimabai - Wife: Ramabai 🔷Other Information - Architect of the Indian Constitution - Bharat Ratna Dr. Ambedkar Award given by Adityanath - Renowned educator, author, journalist - Polyglot in 11 languages and economist - Embraced Buddhism in 1956 (Conversion to Buddhism) - Inspirational figure for the Dalit Buddhist Movement 🔷Political Positions - First Law/Justice Minister: 1947-51 - Labour Minister: 1942-46 - Member of the Bombay State Legislative Assembly: 1926-1936 - Member of the Bombay Legislative Assembly: 1942-47 - Member of the Bombay Legislative Council: 1952-56 🔷Educational Achievements - Mumbai University (B.A.) - Columbia University (M.A., Ph.D., LL.D.) - London School of Economics (M.Sc., D.Sc.) - Gray's Inn (Barrister-at-Law) 🔷Notable Books - "Pakistan and the Partition of India" (1940) - "Annihilation of Caste" (1936) - "Who Were the Shudras?" (1946) - "Thoughts on Linguistic States" (1955) - The Cabinet Mission and the Untouchables (1946) 🟢NEWS - Statue: 125 feet in Hyderabad - Statue: Statue of Knowledge, 70 feet in Latur (Maharashtra) - Supreme Court premises: 7 feet statue

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