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10. A bacterial growth medium preferred for drug susceptibility test? A. Blood agar B. MaCconky C. Muller Hilton agar D. Nutrient agar 11. During conjunction the genetic material will be transferred through A. Cell wall B. Medium C. Pili D. Capsule 12. The bacterial cells are at their metabolic peak during A. Lag phase B. Log phase C. Stationary D. Decline phase 13. Which of the following items of equipment could be used to sterilize bottles of culture medium containing agar? A. an autoclave C. a biohazard cabinet B. a membrane filter D. a Bunsen burner 14. Endotoxin produced by Gram negative bacteria is present in A. Peptidoglycan C. Theichoic acid B. Lipopolysaccharide D. Inner membrane 15. Endospore is all of the following except as compared to vegetative cells. A. More likely to survive treatment with disinfectants B. More resistant to staining C. More likely to die in nutritionally poor conditions D More resistant to temperature changes 16. Differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells include all of the following except A. Eukaryotic cells have mitochondria B. prokaryotic cells have more complex cell walls C. Eukaryotic cells have cilia and flagella with complex structure D. prokaryotic cells have no genetic material. Channel: https://t.me/starvetbooks [email protected] @Aman28vet

Paramphostomosis (Rumen fluke) in the rumen mucosa of an adult bullock 🐂. The most common of these fluke is called Calicophoron dauneyi. The larval stage of this parasite 🪱 can cause significant disease in the intestine of young cattle 🐮🐄 and sheep 🐏🐑. Clinical signs include anaemia, diarrhoea and weight loss. Channel: https://t.me/starvetbooks [email protected] @Aman28vet

💥Case Study 📒 "Free Gas Bloat" It is due to obstruction of the oesophagus (choke) - no eructation process will occur - leads to accumulation of the air in the rumen. (or) Tetanus (only free gas bloat occur) 📌Clinicial signs / Diagnosis: 1. Enlargement of left paralumbar fossa (in severe case bilateral enlargement of abdomen) 2. Auscultation exhibit - drum like sound (pung sound) 3. Anorexia 📌Treatment: 1. Palpation of the esophagus, if any palpable mass present or not. If choke in esophagus animal cannot able to engulf the feed material and saliva also so animal omit the more amount of - saliva if you hold the esophagus tightly definitely animal omit the more amount of saliva that indicate choke. 📌Diagnosis of choke: palpation of the esophagus area from the larynx to bottom. 📌Treatment of choke: if the mass is present in the cervical part of esophagus. Push the mass into inside the rumen by using stomach tube. If hard masses cannot go inside the rumen by stomach tube. Using Mouth gag to open the animal mouth. Any one person move the mass from bottom to mouth, inserting the hand into mouth to capture the choked mass and remove it. If the hard mass present in the thoracic part of oesophagus. Inserting the stomach tube to push the mass inside the rumen. 💥Note: If you cannot able to push the mass inside the rumen by mild pressure. Don't give high force to push, because it leads to erosion of esophagus/rupture of esophagus/wound - it affects the animal feeding habit. 📒Esophagotomy - done when stomach tube method and manually push the content is failure. 📌Administer any antibiotics like streptopenicillin, Enrofloxacin, Gentamicin. Anti-inflammatory Meloxicam - dose rate is 0.5mg/kg body weight (I/M). 6.Antihistamines Chlorpheniramine maleate - 0.25 to 0.5 mg/kg (I/M). Channel: https://t.me/starvetbooks [email protected] @Aman28vet

📌Trocharization Site in Cattle🐄 💥What is Trocar and cannula ? 📍Use in cattle in emergency release of rumen contents and gas in bloat. The anatomical location for incision of skin by trocar and canula is that at flank of cattle behind of last rib. ✍️ Channel: https://t.me/starvetbooks [email protected] @Aman28vet

Signs Of Colic In Horses [email protected] @Amam28vet