Dr. John Campbell
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My name is John Campbell and I am a retired Nurse Teacher and A and E nurse based in England. I also do some teaching in Asia and Africa when time permits. These videos are to help students to learn the background to all forms of health care.
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Capture of Universities
Hard hitting stuff from Professor Norman Fenton. The Capture of Academia: How Universities Shape Power, Silence Dissent, and Influence Society.
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Teaching Skills 6, Tools in your teachers tool box
When you find yourself in a teaching situation you need to be prepared with the right tool for the right job. If you dont have the tools you can't do the job. Each tool is a subset of skills that allow you to operationalise a teaching technique to facilitate learning in the minds of others. The more you practice using a particular tool, the more skilled you will become.
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Teaching Skills 5, Teaching Process
Assess, plan, implement and evaluate your teaching session.
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Teaching Skills 4, Lesson Planning
Proper preperation promotes proper performance. And of course poor preperation promotes probable poor performance.
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Teaching Skills 3, Aims and Objectives
Teach with John, Part 3. It is an excellent disciplin, espically for newer teachers, to write aims and objectives for their teaching sessions. The aim is a broad declerati of intent, identifying the educational goal. The objectives are the behavioural stages to reach this goal.
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Teaching Skills 2, Cognitive frameworks
Teach with John, part 2. Once we know what the learner already knows about a topic, we are in a position to extend their knowledge in a way which is meaningful to them as individuals. We give new items of knowledge, individual facts and small topics, but we always relate these with other pieces of information that are already known to the learner. This is how we extend the individual learner's cognitive framework regarding a topic, giving the facts and the interconnections and interrelationships between the facts.
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Teaching Skills 1, Introduction
Teach with John. In this series, I will try to communicate the skills and knowledge I found useful and practical when I was learing to teach, and the usefull ideas and techniques I have developed over many years as a teacher.
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The original incident
Darya Shipilova, admitted to hospital 29 September 2026 severe pneumonia.
Died on 2 October 2026
Early reports, possible pneumonic plague following an occupational exposure.
Russian authorities subsequently denied that plague was responsible.
The actual cause of death remains unidentified.
5,500 laboratory tests performed.
Bacteriological, molecular genetics and mass spectrometric methods.
No high-threat pathogens were detected.
Contacts were found to have two COVID-19 infections, three rhinovirus infections and one Haemophilus
Contact tracing and quarantine
All identified contacts underwent medical observation.
Daily laboratory testing over seven days.
No contacts developed symptoms attributed to the incident.
Medical observation was discontinued by 9 October.
No further epidemiologically linked cases
Was there a laboratory accident?
Two investigations found no laboratory biosafety or biosecurity incident.
However, the WHO specifically states
"A laboratory-associated exposure therefore cannot be fully excluded at this stage."
WHO's assessment of the risk
There is currently no identified evidence of ongoing transmission.
No additional linked cases have been established.
International travel or trade restrictions are not recommended.
But, WHO emphasises that its confidence is limited because the causative organism remains unknown.
What further investigations does the WHO recommend?
Continued examination of clinical specimens and epidemiological evidence.
Identifies value of additional laboratory testing, including confirmatory testing at reference laboratories.
WHO offered Russia assistance with high-threat pathogens and laboratory biosafety.
WHO has accepted Russia's epidemiological information provisionally,
while explicitly acknowledging that the cause and source of the fatal illness remain undetermined.
Russian video from 10th October
https://vestiirk.ru/news/obshchegorodskoi-subbotnik-proshel-v-irkutske292560/
Stills pictures
https://38news.ru/news/bolshoy-subbotnik-proshel-v-irkutske-fotoreportazh/
Reuters 6 October
https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/russia-says-no-plague-cases-have-been-detected-among-contacts-deceased-lab-2026-10-06/
Reuters spoke to residents in Shelekhov near Irkutsk.
Rare independent glimpse of everyday life
About 200 people had been quarantined, but 60% had been released by 6th October
Local residents told Reuters that life had continued as normal.
One woman said people had gone to work and to classes, some put on face masks, but there was no panic, no rush on pharmacies.
Another man said the death had been widely discussed, but everyday life went on.
The local hospital had briefly stopped diagnostic tests, but then resumed.
Notable international concern
Reuters 10 October
https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/who-says-russia-confirms-death-research-lab-no-plague-case-registered-2026-10-10/
Says the cause of death is still unknown.
The WHO reports that Russia has found no additional severe pneumonia cases, no symptomatic contacts, and negative test results for the pathogens in question.
I Live in Siberia's "Plague City." Here's the Truth
Katherine
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Enhanced Russia vigilance, no diagnosis
CDC Director Erica Schwartz
https://www.foxnews.com/video/6406495733112/?utm_source=chatgpt.com
CDC is coordinating with Homeland Security, the State Department and other agencies to identify travellers from the affected region.
Enhanced vigilance and assessment is not the same as mandatory quarantine or universal screening.
Pneumonia of undetermined etiology - Russian Federation
https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2026-DON620
WHO Report — 10 October 2026
Unresolved questions
What organism caused the fatal pneumonia?
Was the infection acquired through the laboratory worker's occupational activities?
Was seven days of monitoring sufficient to exclude secondary infections when the original pathogen had not been identified?
WHO report
The most detailed account yet
Death of a laboratory worker
Irkutsk Anti-Plague Research Institute in Siberia.
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Enhanced Russia vigilance, no diagnosis
CDC Director Erica Schwartz
https://www.foxnews.com/video/6406495733112/?utm_source=chatgpt.com
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Governor Igor Kobzev, Irkutsk and Shelekhov
Restrictions have been lifted and medical institutions are back to normal operations.
https://www.irk.ru/news/20261009/quarantine/
https://weacom.ru/news/irk/society/234975
https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/russia-plague-lab-technician-death-siberia-quarantine/mr7nwtpm0
The quarantine had been lifted.
All preventive measures had been completed.
Institutions had returned to normal operations.
Medical observation of identified contacts had ended.
Almost 5,000 laboratory tests had detected no dangerous pathogens.
"The quarantine has been lifted. We are working as normal."
"no microorganisms linked to the young woman's professional work were found in her biological samples".
"no new cases of staff from the anti-plague institute seeking medical attention"
Health situation in the region "remains under our control and that of the experts".
Travel
9th of October, no travel restrictions on arrivals from Russia
US has increased screening, travellers coming in from the affected part of Siberia
CDC has also reminded Americans not to travel to Russia, (advisory)
Adherence to and Compliance with Arms Control, Nonproliferation, and Disarmament Agreements and Commitments
https://2021-2025.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/2024-Arms-Control-Treaty-Compliance-Report.pdf?safe=1
US State Department’s April 2024
Page 27
Russia inherited the past offensive program of biological research and development from the Soviet Union.
Russia has not ended all activities prohibited by Article I of the BWC,
or fulfilled its Article II obligation to destroy or to divert to peaceful purposes BW items.
Rather, the United States assesses that the Soviet program was absorbed, not dismantled, by the Russian Federation, and that the program has continued and evolved.
Opened for signature in 1972, in force from 1975. It's a UN treaty.
https://2009-2017.state.gov/t/isn/bw/c48738.htm
Article I
a State Party “never in any circumstances to develop, produce, stockpile or otherwise acquire or retain… [m]icrobial or other biological agents, or toxins whatever their origin or method of production, of types and in quantities that have no justification for prophylactic, protective or other peaceful purposes,”
Article II requires
State Party to “destroy, or to divert to peaceful purposes” the BW items specified in Article I of a past offensive program.
since Yeltsin’s announcement in April 11, 1992,
subsequent Russian CBM submissions have remained incomplete and misleading.
Russia has provided an incomplete acknowledgment of the former Soviet program,
has not furnished evidence of the dismantlement or cessation of key activities, and continues its ongoing secrecy efforts,
including legislation criminalizing any disclosure of information about the former Soviet program.
Key military biological facilities associated with the Soviet offensive program remain, inaccessible and not transparent, nearly 30 years after Yeltsin’s decree.
knowledge and capabilities Russia has retained from its inherited program have enabled it to develop a highly capable state BW program, able to produce and deploy BW agents to support a range of military objectives.
Marshall Billingslea, former Special Presidential Envoy for Arms Control
https://www.hudson.org/experts/1358-marshall-billingslea
Worked with defectors from Russia from bioweapons programs
I don't think we're on the verge of a pandemic the way we had with the Wuhan virus.
Russia was trying to cover everything up
Chimeas, merging smallox with Ebola
the Soviets and now the Russians definitely think of smallox and think of the plague as kind of the big thermonuclear type weapons
The four horsemen
Conquest on a white horse
War on a red horse
Famine on a black horse
Death on a pale horse.
They were given power over a fourth of the earth to kill by sword, famine and plague, and by the wild beasts of the earth.
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Weaponised plague
FSB (was the KGB), armed federal enforcement, has been escorting people to quarantine
Some of the 200 released
No confirmation of a second death, officially denied.
Plague denied, pneumonia of unknown cause, testing found no microbes related to her work.
Numerous early local reports retracted
Russian national press silent
WHO, US, EU questions not answered in public
Is the plague in Russia a bioweapon?
Well, we don’t think so, we are going to find out soon enough
Russia is not saying much, but they do say they’ve got it under control
CDC latest
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Public events in Irkutsk, cancelled, citywide community clean-up due last Saturday, was officially postponed
Not acting like its plague, acting like it’s something else, e.g. death in Arizona last year.
US, about 7 cases per year, usually from Prairie dogs
1924, last human to human transmission in US
Plague is endemic in Russia, especially SE Russia, near Mongolia.
Russia acting like it is a transmissible disease
Potential to be viral
Plague escape protocols are well rehearsed
Deaths despite antibiotics
Drug resistance plague?
Death despite prophylactic antibiotics
Engineering antibiotic resistance is possible
Mongolia, Kazakhstan, impose “health surveillance”
Irkutsk Anti-Plague Research Institute, history
For Anti-Plague, read biolab.
How much Russia is using AI for research
Lack of transparency in UK and US as well.
Known Unknowns
Precise diagnostic and PM reports
Microbiological reports, genome sequences
Route of exposure
Exactly what happened in the lab
Did containment and reporting procedures work
Russian covert motivation?
Weaponised microorganism?
Level of antibiotic resistance
Enhance person to person spread capabilities
Darya Shipilova (Glubina)
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2026/10/07/us-formally-demands-russia-explain-plague-outbreak/
Svetlana Shipilova
“I know the truth,”
“I’m having to fend off stupid acquaintances who believed all this – the clever ones didn’t believe it, of course.
“Not even all medical professionals understand it’s impossible to break a test tube like that,”
“Even if you fling it at the wall. Only an amateur could say something like that.
“Even hypothetically, you simply can’t spill what’s inside or break the tube – they’re that well protected.”
“They simply let my daughter die.”
Russia and transparency
1979 anthrax accident in Sverdlovsk, former Soviet Union.
Spores were accidentally released from a military facility.
Death toll, CDC puts it at a minimum of around 65 to 70 deaths from (inhalational of anthrax), deaths occurred April 1979.
May 1992, Boris Yeltsin acknowledged that it had in fact resulted from Soviet military bio-weapons work.
About 13 years of denial.
Chernobyl accident, April 26th, 1986
Explosions, graphite fire, huge amount of radioactive material into the atmosphere.
Pripyat evacuated 36 hours later
May Day parades, Kyiv went ahead, May 1st
Alarms in Sweden and England
New R value?
Madagascar 2017 — mean R₀ = 2.4
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30450266/
Estimation of Pneumonic Plague Transmission in Madagascar, August-November 2017
2,500 cases
CDC, Pneumonic plague
R₀ = 1.18
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/rr/rr7003a1.htm
Came from CDC analysis of all reported primary pneumonic plague cases in the US from 1900 to 2009.
San Francisco in 1904
Oakland in 1919
Los Angeles in 1924.
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Thursday, Plague update
Update, Russia Plague Lab Leak
Unconfirmed reports about a possible second death
Russia is now openly denying reports of a second case
WHO is checking in with Russia
Central unanswered question
What pathogen caused Darya Shipilova's fatal pneumonia?
Has Yersinia pestis been definitively excluded by laboratory testing?
Russian public health watchdog, thousands of tests, no dangerous pathogens have been found.
Darya Shipilova probably did not die of plague
Causes for concern
POTUS to call Putin soon (big problem for Russia)
US formally, confidential diplomatic communication, (démarche)
Scale of the Russian response
Staff quarantined, local worker instructed to wear masks, several hospitals in Irkutsk closed for a three-week quarantine, Doctors “already openly talking about plague”.
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Cause has not been publicly established with certainty
Russian authorities - “pneumonia of unknown origin”
May have been exposed to plague during fieldwork or through a laboratory accident.
She broke a tube containing Y. pestis
Black death
Justinianic Plague, starting 541 AD
Byzantine Empire, recurring for centuries
Mid-14th century, killed tens of millions across Eurasia and North Africa
Great Plague of London, bubonic plague, 1665 (25% death rate)
Third pandemic began 1850s in Yunnan, China, spread globally by steamship
Major outbreaks in India, continuing into the 20th century.
Bubonic form
Flea takes a blood meal from an infected rodent
Bacteria multiply inside flea and rodent
Flea bites a human
Pneumonic spread
Person to person via respiratory droplets
Incubation can be very short, around one day
Illness progresses really fast
Main defences
Rapid diagnosis
Very early antibiotics
Isolation
Prophylactic antibiotics for close contacts.
Management
Gentamicin, streptomycin, doxycycline, or ciprofloxacin
Usually start with IV therapy
The key is speed, don’t wait for lab confirmation if pneumonic plague is suspected.
Start treatment right away.
Igor Kobzev, Governor of Irkutsk Oblast
“reports of a suspected case of a highly dangerous infectious disease in a regional resident”
“the cause of death was pneumonia of undetermined aetiology”.
“extraordinary meeting” between the regional anti-epidemic commission and Russia’s chief state doctor Anna Popova because of a suspected case of an “especially dangerous infection.”
All identified contacts placed under medical observation
So far, no signs of illness, laboratory results were negative.
“no microorganisms linked to the young woman’s professional work were found in her biological samples”.
https://xn--90aivcdt6dxbc.xn--p1ai/, the Russian government’s official information portal
6 October 2026
Rospotrebnadzor states that the epidemiological situation in Irkutsk Oblast, Irkutsk and Shelekhov is “calm”
Institute employee was diagnosed with “pneumonia of undetermined etiology.”
Testing found no microorganisms connected with her professional work
Alexei Tsydenov
Head of the neighbouring republic of Buryatia, “may have died of plague”
What we need
Precise diagnostic and PM findings
Microbiological reports
Route of exposure
Exactly what happened in the lab
Did containment and reporting procedures work?
Marco Rubio
“There’s very limited travel between the US and Russia, obviously, but like anything else, something like that gets out, it could quickly spread,”
“So we’re watching and monitoring closely. I don’t think it’s a cause for alarm, but it is cause for focus and a cause to keep an eye on it. And we’re doing that.”
Hamish de Bretton-Gordon
Former commanding officer of the UK’s Joint Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Regiment
Russian authorities of have “clammed up”
Withdrawing social media posts
“We should be worried because plague has a long history of causing mayhem,”
“For a lab technician working with plague to die from plague is extraordinary. She should have been vaccinated, there should have been medical countermeasures.”
During the Cold War, Soviet defectors such as Vladimir Pasechnik revealed the extraordinary scale of the Soviet Union’s offensive biological weapons programme, Biopreparat.
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2026/10/05/russian-researcher-dies-plague-released-lab-accident/
https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/plague/suspected-plague-incident-leaves-1-dead-200-under-quarantine-siberia
https://www.newsweek.com/russias-response-to-suspected-plague-outbreak-under-scrutiny-12523852
https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/russia-lab-technician-suspected-plague-death-1823476
https://tvgram.ru/kobzevii/17919
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Russia Lab Leak
Yersinia pestis, active research, NIAID's Rocky Mountain Labs.
Daria Shipilova, 28-year-old laboratory worker/researcher at the Irkutsk
Anti-Plague Research Institute in Siberia, Russia.
Incident happened on Sept 25
Rapidly severe pneumonia-like illness.
Taken to hospital in Shelekhov
Ventilated, two days later, (Moscow Times).
Died overnight between Oct 1 and Oct 2
Pneumonic plague (Yersinia pestis) is suspected
189–200 contacts reportedly placed under medical observation or quarantine
Several hospitals in Irkutsk closed for a three-week quarantine
Doctors “already openly talking about plague”
All public events in Irkutsk, cancelled
Law enforcement opened a criminal investigation into possible safety violations surrounding the death (Russian media)
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