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Civil Services Simplified: Decoding the Enigma of UPSC by Dr. CP. Kaushik
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A dedicated platform for important Core, Concepts and Current Affairs related to Environment and Climate Change; Science & Technology and Internal Security for UPSC CSE
Mostrar más📈 Análisis del canal de Telegram Civil Services Simplified: Decoding the Enigma of UPSC by Dr. CP. Kaushik
El canal Civil Services Simplified: Decoding the Enigma of UPSC by Dr. CP. Kaushik (@sci_techupsc) en el segmento lingüístico de Inglés es un actor destacado. Actualmente la comunidad reúne a 18 581 suscriptores, ocupando la posición 10 783 en la categoría Educación y el puesto 22 907 en la región India.
📊 Métricas de audiencia y dinámica
Desde su creación el невідомо, el proyecto ha mostrado un crecimiento acelerado, reuniendo a 18 581 suscriptores.
Según los últimos datos del 02 julio, 2026, el canal mantiene una actividad estable. En los últimos 30 días la variación de miembros fue de 80, y en las últimas 24 horas de 7, conservando un alto alcance.
- Estado de verificación: No verificado
- Tasa de interacción (ER): El promedio de interacción de la audiencia es 30.98%. Durante las primeras 24 horas tras publicar, el contenido suele obtener 17.75% de reacciones respecto al total de suscriptores.
- Alcance de las publicaciones: Cada publicación recibe en promedio 5 756 visualizaciones. En el primer día suele acumular 3 297 visualizaciones.
- Reacciones e interacción: La audiencia responde de forma activa: el promedio de reacciones por publicación es 56.
- Intereses temáticos: El contenido se centra en temas clave como prelim, reader, edit, sir, cell.
📝 Descripción y política de contenido
El autor describe el recurso como un espacio para expresar opiniones subjetivas:
“A dedicated platform for important Core, Concepts and Current Affairs related to Environment and Climate Change; Science & Technology and Internal Security for UPSC CSE”
Gracias a la alta frecuencia de actualizaciones (últimos datos recibidos el 03 julio, 2026), el canal mantiene la vigencia y un amplio alcance. La analítica demuestra que la audiencia interactúa activamente con el contenido, lo que lo convierte en un punto de referencia dentro de la categoría Educación.
18 581
Suscriptores
+724 horas
+467 días
+8030 días
Archivo de publicaciones
10. VERTICAL FARMING:
• Vertical Farming is the process of growing agricultural crops in vertical stacks in door, in a controlled environment.
• It uses the same amount of water as that of regular farming.
• However, the other raw materials consumed by vertical farming are less.
• According to FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) of the United Nations, vertical farming consumes 75% less raw material as compared to traditional farming.
Types of Vertical Farming:
• Hydroponics: Hydroponics is a method of growing plants in a water-based, nutrient-rich solution.
• In this method, the root system is supported using an inert medium such as perlite, clay pellets, peat moss or vermiculite.
• Aeroponics: Aeroponics is an environment-friendly way of farming in which the roots are suspended in the air and plants grow in a humid environment without soil. It is a variation of hydroponics where both growing medium and flowing water are absent.
• Aquaponics: Aquaponics is a system that combines hydroponics and aquaculture within a closed system. There are three biological components in the aquaponics process - fishes, plants, and bacteria.
Advantages of vertical farming:
• Increased crop yield
• Resistant to weather disruptions
• Prevent ecosystem disruption
• Helps in environment conservation
• Helps in water conservation
Disadvantages of vertical farming:
• High initial investment and operational costs.
• Interfere with Pollination
• High Labor Costs
• Disruption to the Rural Sector
9. SOLID FUEL DUCTED RAMJET:
##In News: India successfully flight-tested Solid Fuel Ducted Ramjet (SFDR) Booster, a missile system, at the Integrated Test Range (ITR) in Chandipur off the Odisha coast.
• SFDR is a missile propulsion system being developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).
• Aim: To develop critical technologies required in the propulsion systems of future long-range air-to-air missiles.
• Technology: The system is based on a solid fuelled air-breathing ramjet engine. Unlike the other solid propellant rockets, the Ramjet takes up oxygen from the atmosphere during flight without the need for cylinders. Due to this, it is light in weight and can carry more fuel, making it more efficient.
Significance:
• It enables the missile to intercept aerial threats at very long range at supersonic speeds.
• Air-to-air missiles which use SFDR technology can achieve longer ranges as they do not require oxidisers (take oxygen from the atmosphere).
• The missile based on SFDR fly at supersonic speeds and high manoeuvrability ensures the target aircraft cannot get away.
8. PROJECT NETRA:
##ISRO is building up its orbital debris tracking capability by deploying new radars and optical telescopes under the Network for Space Objects Tracking and Analysis (NETRA) project.
• Project NETRA’ is an early warning system in space to detect debris and other hazards to Indian satellites in low-earth orbits.
• Initiative of: ISRO.
##Space debris tracking radar: It will be capable of detecting and tracking objects 10 cm and above in size. It will have a range of 1,500 km.
• Space Debris consists of rocket bodies that are used to launch satellites, defunct satellites, materials released during mission operations, fragments from on-orbit breakups of space objects, and fragments from Anti-Satellite (ASAT) tests.
• These space objects move with an average speed of 27,000 km per hour in Low Earth Orbits, therefore, a collision with even a centimetre sized tiny fragment can be catastrophic to an operational space asset.
7. PACER INITIATIVE: the Polar Science and Cryosphere Research (PACER) Initiative.
• Initiative of: Ministry of Earth Sciences.
• Objective: To study various aspects relating to Polar and the Cryosphere with special emphasis on the Antarctic, Arctic and Glaciers of the Himalayas.
Programmes: The important programmes under the initiative include: the Antarctic program, Indian Arctic program, Southern Ocean program and Cryosphere and Climate program.
• Implementing Agency: National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR)
• Duration of the Initiative: The initiative has been approved for continuation during 2021- 2026.
6. DARK GENOME:
##Scientists investigating the DNA outside our genes (the 'dark genome) have discovered recently evolved regions that code for proteins associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
• Dark genome refers to ‘DNA outside of the regions conventionally defined as genes’.
• They are genes/proteins for which there is minimal knowledge on biological function and, allied to this, limited tools for their analysis (such as antibodies).
• Thus, it adversely affects the precision medicine initiative.
5. SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY:
Recently, a draft foresight paper on synthetic biology released by the Department of Biotechnology.
• Synthetic biology refers to the science of using genetic sequencing, editing, and modification to create unnatural organisms or organic molecules that can function in living systems.
• Synthetic biology enables scientists to design and synthesize new sequences of DNA from scratch.
• Synthetic biology was initially synonymous with ‘bioengineering’.
Applications:
##Developing synthetic organisms for vaccination,
• Pharmaceutical industry: Synthetic biology can be used to make natural compounds such as artemisinin used for the treatment of malaria and Car T cell therapy for cancer treatment.
• In fashion industry: Some companies are exploring the possibility of dyeing jeans without producing hazardous waste using synthetic biology.
• In Agriculture: Companies using synthetic biology to deliver fixed nitrogen to plants instead of using fertilisers, engineering microbes to create food additives or brew proteins.
4. NEUTRINO:
Tamil Nadu has said to the Supreme Court that it does not want the Indian Neutrino Observatory (INO) to be set up in a sensitive ecological zone in the Western Ghats at a great cost to wildlife and biodiversity.
• A neutrino is a sub atomic particle with no electric charge. They are considered to be the second most abundant particle in the universe, after photons, or light particles.
##They come in three ‘flavours’ or ‘types’, and each flavour is associated with a light elementary particle:
1. Electron-neutrino is associated with the electron
2. Muon-neutrino with the muon
3. Tau-neutrino with the tau particle.
• They are not easy to catch, as they do not carry a charge, as a result of which they do not interact with matter.
• They also might have unique properties that would help explain why the universe is made of matter instead of antimatter.
• Subatomic particles that make up antimatter have properties that are opposite to the subatomic particles of normal matter.
• Protons, neutrons and electrons (subatomic particles of normal matter) are among the 12 quarks and leptons have been discovered so far.
• The India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) is a proposed Pure-Science underground laboratory. Its primary goal is to study the properties and interactions of neutrinos.
• The observatory is jointly supported by the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) and Department of Science & Technology (DST) with DAE acting as the nodal agency.
• The proposed site of the observatory is in Bodi West Hills, in Theni district. The site is spread across Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
3. PARAM PRAVEGA:
The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) has installed and commissioned Param Pravega, one of the most powerful supercomputers in India.
• Designed by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC).
• It is the largest supercomputer in an Indian academic institution.
• It was installed and commissioned under the National Supercomputing Mission (NSM).
• It has a supercomputing capacity of 3.3 petaflops (1 petaflop equals a quadrillion, or 1015 operations per second).
2. GRAPHENE INNOVATION CENTRE:
Kerala government announced that the country’s first Graphene Innovation Centre would come up in Thrissur, Kerala.
• Graphene is a one-atom-thick layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice.
• It is the thinnest, most electrically and thermally conductive material in the world. It is also flexible, transparent and incredibly strong.
• Often referred to as a wonder material for its extraordinary electrical and electronics properties, graphene could replace Indium and thereby bring down the cost of OLED (organic light-emitting diode) screens in smartphones, studies have shown.
• Graphene has a lot of promise for additional applications: anti-corrosion coatings and paints, efficient and precise sensors, faster and efficient electronics, flexible displays, efficient solar panels, faster DNA sequencing, drug delivery, and more.
#Target Prelims 2022#
1. SMALL SATELLITE LAUNCH VEHICLE:
Recently, the ISRO Chairman has said that the Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) named “SLV-D1 Micro SAT” will be launched in April 2022.
• It is an all-solid three-stage vehicle with the capability to launch up to 500 kg satellite mass into 500 km Low Earth Orbit (LEO).
• The SSLV is intended to cater to a market for the launch of small satellites into low earth orbits.
• The SSLV is the smallest vehicle at 110-ton mass at ISRO.
• It will take only 72 hours to integrate.
• It is best suited for launching multiple microsatellites at a time and supports multiple orbital drop-offs.
5. Isothermal Forging Technology:
**DRDO has developed Critical near Isothermal Forging Technology for aeroengines.
**Isothermal forging is a closed-die process in which the dies and the workpieces are heated to the same temperature, so that forming can take place without loss of temperature in the workpiece.
● It’s a preferred process for forming engineered parts, including jet-engine and other aerospace components in high-density lightweight alloys.
● In this process, the workpiece is formed to shape at a slow rate and at a temperature almost equal to that of the heated die.
● The long forging time, alongside forces exerted by the die, help to form an almost ‘ready to use’ component needing minimal supplementary machining.
● This is a crucial technology for establishing self-reliance in aeroengine technology.
● With this development, India has joined the league of limited global engine developers to have the manufacturing capabilities of such critical aero engine components.
4. Monoclonal antibodies:
They are artificially created antibodies that aim to aid the body’s natural immune system. They target a specific antigen — a protein from the pathogen that induces immune response.
Monoclonal antibodies can be created in the lab by exposing white blood cells to a particular antigen. To increase the quantity of antibodies produced, a single white blood cell is cloned, which in turn is used to create identical copies of the antibodies.
● In the case of Covid-19, scientists usually work with the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which facilitates the entry of the virus into the host cell.
** Monoclonal antibodies are now relatively common. They are used in treating Ebola, HIV, psoriasis etc.
3. Indian Neutrino Observatory (INO):
● The project in question falls exactly on the hill slopes of this part of the Western Ghats, which align within it a significant tiger corridor, namely the Mathikettan-Periyar tiger corridor.
● This corridor links the Periyar Tiger Reserve along the Kerala and Tamil Nadu borders and the Mathikettan Shola National Park.
● The proposed project area also ecologically links to the eastern habitats, where Srivilliputhur Meghamalai Tiger Reserve is located.
The India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) Project is a multi-institutional effort aimed at building a world-class underground laboratory with a rock cover of approximately 1200 m for non-accelerator based high energy and nuclear physics research in India. **The initial goal of INO is to study neutrinos.
**It is a mega-science project jointly funded by the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) and the Department of Science and Technology (DST).
Construction of an underground laboratory in Bodi West hills of Theni District of Tamil Nadu.
Neutrinos are the second most widely occurring particle in the universe, only second to photons, the particle which makes up light.
In fact, neutrinos are so abundant among us that every second, there are more than 100 trillion of them passing right through each of us — we never even notice them.
**Neutrinos are created by various radioactive decays; during a supernova, by cosmic rays striking atoms etc.
2. mRNA vaccines:
**Messenger RNA or mRNA technology works by teaching our cells to recognize and protect us against infectious diseases. One of the challenges with this new technology is that it must be kept cold to maintain stability during transport and storage.
**mRNA vaccines trick the body into producing some of the viral proteins itself.
● They work by using mRNA, or messenger RNA, which is the molecule that essentially puts DNA instructions into action.
● Inside a cell, mRNA is used as a template to build a protein.
How it works?
1. To produce an mRNA vaccine, scientists produce a synthetic version of the mRNA that a virus uses to build its infectious proteins.
2. This mRNA is delivered into the human body, whose cells read it as instructions to build that viral protein, and therefore create some of the virus’s molecules themselves.
3. These proteins are solitary, so they do not assemble to form a virus.
4. The immune system then detects these viral proteins and starts to produce a defensive response to them.
● Classical vaccine molecules usually only work with the acquired immune system and the innate immune system is activated by another ingredient, called an adjuvant.
● Interestingly, mRNA in vaccines could also trigger the innate immune system, providing an extra layer of defence without the need to add adjuvants.
Target Prelims 2022: Day 04
1. SWASTIIK Technology:
With water-borne diseases majorly contributing to India’s disease burden, the CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL) at Pune has come up with a new technique for disinfecting water by using natural oils.
Disinfection of water is essential for removing pathogenic microorganisms that are responsible for causing a number of water-borne diseases. However, the common drawbacks of chemical methods of disinfection, such as chlorination, include the formation of harmful or carcinogenic by-products".
"SWASTIIK", which involves boiling of a liquid as a result of pressure reduction (cavitation) and also uses natural oils having antimicrobial properties.
**This technology can eliminate harmful bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains, economically.
The technique used—hydrodynamic cavitation—combines chemistry, biology, and chemical engineering, along with natural resources in the form of natural oils and plant extracts.
Hello everyone. One important information, I won't be able to take any modular course for Environment or Sci Tech for this year Prelims.. I. Exclusively associated with Rau's IAS Delhi. Pls don't join anywhere for any course on my name. Definitely, that will be some last year module. Some students messaged me regarding this. Pls stay updated with Prelims related core, concepts and current on telegram channels only.
Good luck.👍
Environment topics uploaded on S and T channel by mistake.
10. Pran Vayu Devta Pension Scheme (PVDPS) of Haryana:
**It is an initiative to honour all those trees which are of the age of 75 years and above and have served humanity throughout their life by producing oxygen, reducing pollution, providing shade and so on.
● Such trees will be identified throughout the state and these will be looked after by involving local people in this scheme.
● For maintenance of trees older than 75 years, a “pension amount” of Rs 2,500 would be given per year in the name of PVDPS. The pension shall be given by the Urban Local Bodies for the upkeep of the trees, installing plates, grilles etc.
**Haryana is also launching Oxy Van. They are identified pieces of land, on which as many as 3 crore trees would be planted.
**The Oxy Vans will occupy 10 % of the 8 lakh hectares of land across Haryana.
9. Aerial Seeding:
● It is a plantation technique wherein seed balls — seeds covered with a mixture of clay, compost, char, and other components — are sprayed using aerial devices, including planes, helicopters, or drones.
● The plant species which are native to the area and hardy, with seeds that are of an appropriate size for preparing seed balls are usually used for aerial seeding, with a higher survival percentage.
● Seeds balls/pellets are dispersed in a targeted area by low-flying drones, with the coating providing the required weight for seeds to airdrop on a predetermined location rather than getting deterred by the wind.
● These pellets sprout when there is enough rain, with nutrients present within them helping in initial growth.
Advantages of Aerial Seeding:
**Access to Inaccessible Areas
**Eliminate Need of Ploughing
**Prevents Soil Runoff
**Most useful for tropical forests because they absorb carbon much faster.
8. Global Forest Goals Report, 2021:
The Global Forest Goals Report 2021 was prepared by the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations (UNDESA), through its United Nations Forum on Forests Secretariat (UNFFS). These goals are:
1. Reverse Forest Cover Loss
2. Improve Forest Benefits and Livelihoods
3. Protect forests and use sustainable Forest Products
4. Mobilize resources
5. Promote Inclusive forest Governance
6. Cooperate and work across sectors
**Many regions, in particular, Asia, Europe and Oceania, appear to be on track to reach one of the key targets of the Global Forest Goals-increasing Forest area by 3% by 2030.
