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One Nation, One Student ID' is here! India launches APAAR ID (Automated Permanent Academic Account Registry) under NEP 2020. This unique ID will track educational journeys, recognise achievements, and promote academic flexibility and mobility for all students. Interlinkages: https://t.me/civils_web/6940

Amul and IFFCO --> The first two ranks among the top ten cooperatives in the world.

The Maharashtra government announced a partnership with Starlink to deliver satellite internet services, targeting rural communities and critical infrastructure.

Vande Mataram - The anthem that awakened a nation!🇮🇳 Vande Mataram ignited India’s patriotic spirit and became the cornerstone of its quest for independence. Penned by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee and set to music by Rabindranath Tagore, it stands as a timeless symbol of nation's unity and pride. The immortal voices of Lata Mangeshkar, Bhimsen Joshi, M.S. Subbulakshmi, Pandit Jasraj, and Hemant Kumar gave new life to this anthem, carrying its powerful message and emotion to generations.

Role of technology Case study

Cyber security - cross border threat

Vidhi Centre Petition : Challenge to Section 53(2) of RP Act, 1951, and Rules 11 (Forms 21, 21B) for 'uncontested elections' violating Article 19(1)(a) (freedom of speech and expression). Petitioners' Argument Declaration without a poll prevents citizens from exercising 'NOTA option is violative freedom of expression. What are Uncontested Election ? Occurs when the number of candidates equals the number of seats. RO declares candidates elected without a poll. Centre's Stance 1. 'Right to Vote' is a statutory right (Section 62, RP Act, 1951), subject to limitations. 2. 'Freedom of Voting' is a species of fundamental right under Article 19(1)(a). 3. Freedom of voting (including NOTA) is contingent on a poll being taken : The election would be put to vote only if the number of candidates were more than the num-ber of seats to be filled, as provided under Section 53(1) of the 1951

Sudan Civil War Root Cause of conflict 1. Resource Competition:Control gold and cross border trade network and agricultural fields. RSF(Arab) dominated Darfur region - access to gold mines , cross border trade nwtwoks SAF control - strategic ports and central agricultural tracts. 2. Economic Decline: Loss of oil revenue after the southern secession 3. Political Instability: Weak civil institutions post-Bashir era 4. Regional Geopolitics: Involvement of external actors (Egypt, UAE, Turkey) 5. Ethnic tensions and historical scars : Darfur conflict of early 2000s. The early 2000s conflict between the government and the Darfur militias "Janjaweed" militias (Arab nomadic fighters) targeted non-Arab civilians 6. The Landmark Bindung Conference (1955) attempted unity but failed Unresolved tensions persist despite power-sharing efforts Interlinkages : 1. FAMINE IN ZAMZAM CAMP —> https://t.me/civils_web/5847 2. Nile River : White and Blue Nile meet in Khartoum : https://t.me/civils_web/5848

#CA2025

What are different factors that decide the scheduling of elections ? 1. Weather - ex winters , snowfall etc 2. Festivals 3. Agriculture cycle 4. Security factors 5. Elections in other states —> Article 324 - free and fair elections are part of basic structire of the constitution. —> Free and fair elections are bedrock of vibrant democracy. —>The scheduling of the Bihar polls had become controversial in 1995, in the tenure of then Chief Election Commissioner T N Seshan. Seshan took on the task of cleaning up the polling process at a time violence and allegations of booth-capturing were prevalent. He postponed the elections four times due to clashes breaking out.