🕸️BPSC WEB🕸️

#CA2026 #GEOGRAPHY #PLACE

Dengue:- • Caused by Dengue virus (Flavivirus); transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquito (day-biter) • Four serotypes: DENV-1, 2, 3, 4 —> infection by one ≠ immunity to others • Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE): prior infection can worsen severity on reinfection • Severe dengue linked to immune overreaction + vascular leakage • Urban disease: thrives in clean stagnant water, rapid urbanisation • Climate change —> expands mosquito habitat (temperature + rainfall sensitive) Newspaper takeaways: • COMBAT project: Indo-EU initiative —> studies why dengue turns severe • Uses AI + single-cell sequencing + biomarkers —> decode host response • Organ-on-chip: lab simulation of human organs (no human testing) • Qdenga (TAK-003): approved in India (18–60 yrs), ~84% efficacy, no pre-screening • ICMR ‘DengiAll’: Phase-III, single-dose recombinant vaccine • Key hurdle: ADE + 4 serotypes —> vaccine complexity

Semaglutide (GLP-1 drugs): • Semaglutide —> a GLP-1 receptor agonist used for Type-2 Diabetes + obesity (weight loss). • Works by —> ↑ insulin secretion, ↓ glucagon, slows gastric emptying —> appetite suppression. Drug Class & Examples: • GLP-1 analogues: Semaglutide, Liraglutide, Tirzepatide (dual GIP + GLP-1) Prelims Traps: • Not for Type-1 diabetes • Not a fat burner —> acts hormonally