English Knowledge

16. Mother: Don't go near that well, Anuj. 🔹 Anuj's mother warned him not to go near that well. 17. Shilu: What an interesting movie 'Dangal' is, Nisarg ! 🔹 Shilu exclaimed to Nisarg admiringly that 'Dangal' was a very interesting movie. 18. "How wise our Prime Minister is !" said the leader of the opposition party. 🔹 The leader of the opposition party retorted (કટાક્ષ કરવો) that their Prime Minister was very wise. 19. "How dirty this place is !" said the visitor. 🔹 The visitor exclaimed disgustfully that that place was very dirty. 20. An onlooker: What an accident ! 🔹 An onlooker exclaimed sorrowfully that it was really a terrible accident. 21. The old man said, "May you live long !" 🔹 The old man wished that I might live long. 22. On the demise (death) of his father everyone said, "May God give you strength to bear this loss." 🔹 On the demise of his father everyone prayed that God might give him strength to bear that loss. 23. "Let's go for a visit to the exhibition," said the teacher to the students. 🔹 The teacher proposed to the students that they should go for a visit to the exhibition. 24. Akash: Let me ask you just one thing for my guidance, sir. 🔹 Akash requested the gentleman to let him ask just one thing for his guidance. 25. "Let's forget the differences and work for the integration of the country," said a leader. 🔹 A leader wished that they should forget the differences and work for the integration of the country. 26. My friend said, "Let's have some tea and snacks." 🔹 My friend suggested that we should have some tea and snacks. 27. Roshani said, "Let me help you in the kitchen, auntie." 🔹 Roshani requested her auntie to help her in the kitchen. 28. "Let him finish his painting, Kaveri," mother said. 🔹 Mother asked Kaveri to let him finish his painting. 29. "Let them play there," my uncle said to me. 🔹 My uncle asked me to let them play there. 30. "Let me go out, sir," said Aniket. 🔹 Aniket requested his teacher to let him go out. 🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼 std. 12 Reported Speech

Reported Speech 🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼 1. Kinjal: "I often forget my things at my friends' places, Akshay." 🔹 Kinjal told Akshay that she often forgot her things at her friends' place. 2. "I don't believe your statements to be right until I myself feel convinced, my son," father said to me. 🔹 Father told me that he didn't believe my statements to be right until he himself felt convinced. 3. "The next train to Mumbai will leave at 10.10 pm;" the inquiry clerk said to the passenger. 🔹 The inquiry clerk informed the passenger that the next train to Mumbai would leave at 10.10 p.m. 4. Teacher: Why are you late today, Vaishali? Vaishali: I missed the 7.15 bus, sir. 🔹The teacher asked Vaishali why she was late that day. Vaishali replied to the teacher politely that she had missed the 7.15 bus. 5. "Where have you put my file, Ramu?" I asked. 🔹 I asked Ramu where he had put my file. 6. Mother: How did you manage to finish this work so soon, Nidhi? 🔹 Nidhi's mother asked her how she had managed to finish that work so soon. 7. "Why do you not come to the office in time these days, Miss Mehta?" the manager asked. 🔹 The manager asked Miss Mehta why she did not go to the office in time. 8. Roshan: Is your father ill, Mamta? 🔹 Roshan asked Mamta if her father was ill. 9. I asked my friend, "Does your sister work at Reliance?" 🔹 I asked my friend if his sister worked at Reliance. 10. The police officer: Were you present in the house at the time of the murder, Mrs Sharma?" 🔹 The police officer inquired of Mrs Sharma if she had been present in the house at the time of the murder. 11. Manager: Bring me that file soon, Ramaji. 🔹 The manager order Ramaji to bring him that file soon. 12. Blind man: Please help me to cross the road, gentleman. 🔹 The blind man requested the gentleman to help him to cross the road. 13. The Geometry teacher: Draw a right-angled triangle first. 🔹 The Geometry teacher instructed (the students) to draw a right-angled triangle first. 14. Doctor: Take rest for at least a week, Mr Varma. 🔹 The doctor advised Mr Varma to take rest for at least a week. 15. Lender: Repay my money within a week or I'll get you thrased, Shyamlal. 🔹 The lender asked Shyamlal to repay his money within a week and threatened him that he would get him thrashed if the money was not paid.

(12) 🍁1. The child was too hungry not to have food. There was no one in the house to help him out. The food was in the upper compartment of the fridge and the child was too short to reach the compartment. He found out a stool and took out a bowl. The food in the bowl was too little to satisfy his hunger. All his efforts fell too short to meet his requirement. Start like this: The child was so hungry that...... Ans. The child was so hungry that he would not do without food. There was no one in the house to help him out. The food was in the upper compartment of the fridge, and the child was so short that he would not reach the compartment. He found out a stool and took out a bowl. The food in the bowl was so little that it would not satisfy his hunger. All his efforts fell so short that he could not meet his requirement. 🍁 2. Digital technology has brought a radical change in almost all the fields. Doctor can reach surer diagnosis with the help of this technology. People can make communication faster and easier than before. People can access bank facilities sitting at house. It has made bookings of air tickets and railway tickets easier with the help of this new technology. Start like this: A radical change in almost all the fields has been..... Ans. A radical change in almost all the fields has been brought by digital technology. Surer diagnosis can be reached with the help of this technology. Communication can be made faster and easier than before. Bank facilities can be accessed sitting at home by people. Bookings of air tickets and railway tickets have been made easier with the help of this new technology. 🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼 std. 12 Change the text

(9) 🍁1. The coach taught me swimming techniques sincerely, but I could never manage it. I tried hard but could not pick it up. In spite of my good grasping ability, I failed to learn it. I wanted to swim but I had a strong fear of getting drowned. In spite of all encouragement from the coach, I could never learn swimming. Start like this: Though the coach.... Ans. Though the coach taught me swimming techniques sincerely, I could never manage it. Though I tried hard, I could not pick it up. Though I had a good grasping ability, I failed to learn it. Though I wanted to swim, I had a strong fear of getting drowned. Though I was given all encouragement from the coach, I could never learn swimming. 🍁2. Soon with the rising of the sun, we started our journey. As soon as we started, someone called out from behind. Hardly had we heard him calling, we stopped our car. As soon as he saw our car stopped, he shouted, "Don't go further." Hardly had he reached near us, he fell down fainted. Start like this: No sooner did.... Ans. No sooner did the sun rise than we started our journey. No sooner did we start than someone called out from behind. No sooner did we hear him calling than we stopped our car. No sooner did he see our car stopped than he shouted, "Don't go further." No sooner did he reach near us, he fell down fainted. (10) 🍁1. No other railway station has so good surroundings as Jalpaigudi. It claims one of the most beautiful locations. Very few railway stations in India are so less congested as Jalpaigudi. The private transporters there are more co-operative than most other transporters we find at other railway stations. Start like this: Jalpaigudi railway station has the best....... Ans. Jalpaigudi railway station has the best surrounding. It claims more beautiful location than most other railway stations. Jalpaigudi is one of the least congested railway stations in India. The private transporters there are one of the most co-operative ones we find at other railway stations. 🍁2. Receiving the message of his wife's accident, he was terribly shocked. Going to the place of accident, he could not find her there. Collecting necessary information about her accident, he rushed to the hospital. Not having the entry pass, he was not allowed to enter the emergency ward. After a great deal pleading, somehow he could manage to enter the ward to see his wife. Start like this: When he received.... Ans. When he received the message about his wife's accident, he was terribly shocked. When he went to the place of accident, he could not find her. As soon as he collected necessary information about her accident, he rushed to the hospital. Since he had no entry pass, he was not allowed to enter the emergency ward. After he did a great deal of pleading, somehow he could manage to enter the ward to see his wife. (11) 🍁1. Nothing is impossible in this world. With no sincere efforts, nothing could be achieved. There is no one in the world who gets nothing after sincere efforts. Nobody needs to be discouraged even if nothing is availed after many efforts. You never know when you are going to get reward of your efforts. Start like this: Everything is ...... Ans. Everything is possible in this world. With all sincere efforts, everything can be achieved. Everyone in the world gets everything after sincere efforts. Everybody should keep courage even if everything is lost after many efforts. You should have hope that you are going to get reward of your efforts some day. 🍁2. Gandhiji was a great personality. He had tremendous will-power. He stuck to truth infallibly all his life. He resisted the British government quite fearlessly. He carried out the freedom movement desperately. He was a great freedom fighter. Start like this: What a great.... Ans. What a great personality Gandhiji was ! What tremendous will-power he had ! How infallibly he stuck to truth all his life ! How fearlessly he resisted the British government ! How desperately he carried out the freedom movement ! What a great freedom fighter he was !

(5) 🍁1. Postcards and envelopes are collected in bags from various post offices through post office vans. They are then taken to the sorting office, where the bags are emptied and the letters are separated from the packets. Start like this: They collect postcards.... Ans. They collect postcards and envelopes in bags from various post offices through post office vans. They take them to the sorting office, where they empty the bags and separate the letters from the packets. 🍁2. Kruvin is the most sincere student in the class. He works harder than any other student. Very few students can score as many marks as Kruvin. No other student has as deep understanding as Kruvin. Start like this: No other student.... Ans. No other student in the class is so sincere as Kruvin. No other student works so hard as he. Kruvin can score more marks than most other students. Kruvin has deeper understanding than any other student. (6) 🍁1.I asked my friend what his father had said when he had dashed his car. He asked me if he could omit bad words from it. I allowed him to do so. Then he told me that father had said nothing else. Start like this: I said to my friend, "What.... Ans. I said to my friend, "What did your father say when you dashed his car?" He said to me, "Can I omit bad words from it?" I said, "Okay". He said to me, "My father said nothing else." 🍁2. Look at that man and that woman. The woman is my daughter's mother-in-law. That man is her husband. My daughter has one son. Start like this: Look at that woman... Ans. Look at that woman and that man. The man is my son's father-in-law. That woman is his wife. My son has one daughter. (7) 🍁1. I am a teacher. I love teaching. I have my own method of teaching. Students like to learn with me. I don't like to punish my students myself. Start like this: Mrs Dave is.... Ans. Mrs Dave is a teacher. She loves teaching . She has her own method of teaching. Students like to learn with her. She doesn't like to punish her students herself. 🍁2. The king is sitting in his court. There flies in a dove. It is chased by an eagle. As the eagle prepares to pounce on the dove, the king takes off his cloak and provides shelter to the dove. Start like this: The king was.... Ans. The king was sitting in his court. There flew in a dove. It was chased by an eagle. As the eagle prepared to pounce on the dove, the king took off his cloak and provided shelter to the dove. (8) 🍁1. I want to celebrate my coming birthday grandly. I have planned to invite all my present and past friends. I do not want to celebrate it at home. We shall book a club or a large hotel and celebrate it there. I will send invitations through e-mail. Start like this: I wanted... Ans. I wanted to celebrate my coming birthday grandly. I had planned to invite all my present and past friends. I did not want to celebrate it at home. We would book a club or a large hotel and celebrate it there. I would send invitations through e-mail. 🍁2. Unless you have enough money, you cannot buy a good house. Unless you take a loan, you will not be able to collect the sum you want. Unless you have a job with handsome salary, bank will not allow you a large amount of loan. Another source is to borrow the money from a friend or relative. Borrow it to make up the total amount or forget buying a good house. Start like this: If you do not have.... Ans. If you do not have enough money, you cannot buy a good house. If you do not take a loan, you will not be able to collect the sum you want. If you do not have a job with handsome salary, bank will not allow you a large amount of loan. Another source is to borrow money from a friend or relative. If you borrow it to make up the total amount, you will not have to forget buying a good house.

Change the text 🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹 (1) 🍁1. "What do you do with all your money?" a friend once asked him. Pointing at the studio, Walt said, "I fertilize that field with it." Start like this : What is................... Ans. "What is done with all your money by you?" Once he was asked by a friend. Pointing at the studio, it was said by Walt, "That field is fertilized with it by me." 🍁2. Saloni makes nice toys. She prepared them for personal pleasure. She does not sell them. She gives them as gifts to her friends and relatives. Start like this: Saloni has..... Ans. Saloni has made nice toys. She has prepared them for personal pleasure. She has not sold them. She has given them as gifts to her friends and relatives. ============================= (2) 🍁1. Another days I caught him taking Nani's cough syrup. He was measuring it by the capful, exactly the way Nani used to. I asked him, "What's that you are doing?" Start like this: Another day he was...... Ans. Another day he was caught taking Nani's cough syrup by me. It was being measured by the capful, exactly the way Nani used to. He was asked by me, "What's that being done by you?" 🍁2. The tea is too hot to take it soon. What to do now? I am getting too late to reach my office. Are you not being too courteous to insist on my taking tea? Okay ! Let me take it. Oh ! it is too sweet for me to drink. Start like this: The tea is so hot..... Ans. The tea is so hot that I cannot take it soon. What to do now? I am getting so late that I will not be able to reach my office in time. Are you not being so courteous that you are insisting on my taking tea? Okay ! Let me take it. Oh ! it is so sweet that I would avoid drinking it. ============================= (3) 🍁1. About the age of 9, Sojourner was auctioned off to an Englishman named John Nealy. The Nealys understood very little of her Dutch jargon and; as a result, she was often brutally punished for no reason. Eventually Nealy sold her to a fisherman who owned a tavern in Kingston, NY. Start like this: About the age of 9, Sojourner's parents auctioned her... Ans. About the age of 9, Sojourner's parents auctioned her off to an Englishman, named John Nealy. Her Dutch jargon was understood very little by the Nealys; as a result, they often punished her brutally for no reason. Eventually, she was sold to a fisherman who owned a tavern in Kingston, NY. 🍁2. Some people joined the Heritage walk. It was organised by a local newspaper. It started from Swaminarayan Temple. It ended at Jama Masjid. Participants knew for the first time the harmony saga of the city. Start like this: Some people will join... Ans. Some people will join the Heritage walk. It will be organised by a local newspaper. It will start from Swaminarayan Temple. It will end at Jama Masjid. Participants will know for the first time the harmony saga of the city. ============================= (4) 🍁1. The ants immediately organised the work in this way : while some were carrying up the bits of insects, the others cleared away any sand or small stone that obstructed the way. In such a way the ants carried the loads easily. Start like this: The work was immediately.... Ans. The work was immediately organised by the ants in this way: while the bits of insects were being carried up by some, any sand or small stone that obstructed the way were cleared away by the others. In such a way loads were carried by the ants easily. 🍁2. The boy in the white dress is a sportsman. He hardly wears colourful dresses. He takes coaching from a very strict coach. His favourite player is Sachin Tendulkar. Start like this: The boy who ..... Ans. The boy who is in white dress is a sportsman. He hardly wears dresses which are colourful. The coach from whom he takes coaching is very strict. The player whom he favours is Sachin Tendulkar.

🔹 My friend suggested that we should have some tea and snacks. 27. Roshani said, "Let me help you in the kitchen, auntie." 🔹 Roshani requested her auntie to help her in the kitchen. 28. "Let him finish his painting, Kaveri," mother said. 🔹 Mother asked Kaveri to let him finish his painting. 29. "Let them play there," my uncle said to me. 🔹 My uncle asked me to let them play there. 30. "Let me go out, sir," said Aniket. 🔹 Aniket requested his teacher to let him go out. 🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼 std. 12 Reported Speech

Reported Speech 🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼 1. Kinjal: "I often forget my things at my friends' places, Akshay." 🔹 Kinjal told Akshay that she often forgot her things at her friends' place. 2. "I don't believe your statements to be right until I myself feel convinced, my son," father said to me. 🔹 Father told me that he didn't believe my statements to be right until he himself felt convinced. 3. "The next train to Mumbai will leave at 10.10 pm;" the inquiry clerk said to the passenger. 🔹 The inquiry clerk informed the passenger that the next train to Mumbai would leave at 10.10 p.m. 4. Teacher: Why are you late today, Vaishali? Vaishali: I missed the 7.15 bus, sir. 🔹The teacher asked Vaishali why she was late that day. Vaishali replied to the teacher politely that she had missed the 7.15 bus. 5. "Where have you put my file, Ramu?" I asked. 🔹 I asked Ramu where he had put my file. 6. Mother: How did you manage to finish this work so soon, Nidhi? 🔹 Nidhi's mother asked her how she had managed to finish that work so soon. 7. "Why do you not come to the office in time these days, Miss Mehta?" the manager asked. 🔹 The manager asked Miss Mehta why she did not go to the office in time. 8. Roshan: Is your father ill, Mamta? 🔹 Roshan asked Mamta if her father was ill. 9. I asked my friend, "Does your sister work at Reliance?" 🔹 I asked my friend if his sister worked at Reliance. 10. The police officer: Were you present in the house at the time of the murder, Mrs Sharma?" 🔹 The police officer inquired of Mrs Sharma if she had been present in the house at the time of the murder. 11. Manager: Bring me that file soon, Ramaji. 🔹 The manager order Ramaji to bring him that file soon. 12. Blind man: Please help me to cross the road, gentleman. 🔹 The blind man requested the gentleman to help him to cross the road. 13. The Geometry teacher: Draw a right-angled triangle first. 🔹 The Geometry teacher instructed (the students) to draw a right-angled triangle first. 14. Doctor: Take rest for at least a week, Mr Varma. 🔹 The doctor advised Mr Varma to take rest for at least a week. 15. Lender: Repay my money within a week or I'll get you thrased, Shyamlal. 🔹 The lender asked Shyamlal to repay his money within a week and threatened him that he would get him thrashed if the money was not paid. 16. Mother: Don't go near that well, Anuj. 🔹 Anuj's mother warned him not to go near that well. 17. Shilu: What an interesting movie 'Dangal' is, Nisarg ! 🔹 Shilu exclaimed to Nisarg admiringly that 'Dangal' was a very intetsting movie. 18. "How wise our Prime Minister is !" said the leader of the opposition party. 🔹 The leader of the opposition party retorted (કટાક્ષ કરવો) that their Prime Minister was very wise. 19. "How dirty this place is !" said the visitor. 🔹 The visitor exclaimed disgustfully that that place was very dirty. 20. An onlooker: What an accident ! 🔹 An onlooker exclaimed sorrowfully that it was really a terrible accident. 21. The old man said, "May you live long !" 🔹 The old man wished that I might live long. 22. On the demise (death) of his father everyone said, "May God give you strength to bear this loss." 🔹 On the demise of his father everyone prayed that God might give him strength to bear that loss. 23. "Let's go for a visit to the exhibition," said the teacher to the students. 🔹 The teacher proposed to the students that they should go for a visit to the exhibition. 24. Akash: Let me ask you just one thing for my guidance, sir. 🔹 Akash requested the gentleman to let him ask just one thing for his guidance. 25. "Let's forget the diffetences and work for the integration of the country," said a leader. 🔹 A leader wished that they should forget the differences and work for the integration of the country. 26. My friend said, "Let's have some tea and snacks."

He found out a stool and took out a bowl. The food in the bowl was so little that it would not satisfy his hunger. All his efforts fell so short that he could not meet his requirement. 2. Digital technology has brought a radical change in almost all the fields. Doctor can reach surer dignosis with the help of this technology. People can make communication faster and easier than before. People can access bank facilities sitting at house. It has made bookings of air tickets and railway tickets easier with the help of this new technology. Start like this: A radical change in almost all the fields has been..... Ans. A radical change in almost all the fields has been brought by digital technology. Surer dignosis can be reached with the help of this technology. Communication can be made faster and easier than before. Bank facilities can be accessed sitting at home by people. Bookings of air tickets and railway tickets have been made easier with the help of this new technology. 🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼 std. 12 Change the text

Though I was given all encouragement from the coach, I could never learn swimming. 2. Soon with the rising of the sun, we started our journey. As soon as we started, someone called out from behind. Hardly had we heard him calling, we stopped our car. As soon as he saw our car stopped, he shouted, "Don't go further." Hardly had he reached near us, he fell down fainted. Start like this: No sooner did.... Ans. No sooner did the sun rise than we started our journey. No sooner did we start than someone called out from behind. No sooner did we hear him calling than we stopped our car. No sooner did he see our car stopped than he shouted, "Don't go further." No sooner did he reach near us, he fell down fainted. (10) 1. No other railway station has so good surroundings as Jalpaigudi. It claims one of the most beautiful locations. Very few railway stations in India are so less congested as Jalpaigudi. The private transporters there are more co-operative than most other transporters we find at orher railway stations. Start like this: Jalpaigudi railway station has the best....... Ans. Jalpaigudi railway station has the best surrounding. It claims more beautiful location than most other railway stations. Jalpaigudi is one of the least congested railway stations in India. The private transporters there are one of the most co-operative ones we find at other railway stations. 2. Receiving the message of his wife's accident, he was terribly shocked. Going to the place of accident, he could not find her there. Collecting necessary information about her accident, he rushed to the hospital. Not having the entry pass, he was not allowed to enter the emergency ward. After a great deal pleading, somehow he could manage to enter the ward to see his wife. Start like this: When he received.... Ans. When he received the message about his wife's accident, he was terribly shocked. When he went to the place of accident, he could not find her. As soon as he collected necessary information about her accident, he rushed to the hospital. Since he had no entry pass, he was not allowed to enter the emergency ward. After he did a great deal of pleading, somehow he could manage to enter the ward to see his wife. (11) 1. Nothing is impossible in this world. With no sincere efforts, nothing could be achieved. There is no one in the world who gets nothing after sincere efforts. Nobody needs to be discouraged even if nothing is availed after many efforts. You never know when you are going to get reward of your efforts. Start like this: Everything is ...... Ans. Everything is possible in this world. With all sincere efforts, everything can be achieved. Everyone in the world gets everything after sincere efforts. Everybody should keep courage even if everything is lost after many efforts. You should have hope that you are going to get reward of your efforts some day. 2. Gandhiji was a great personality. He had tremendous will-power. He stuck to truth infallibly all his life. He resisted the British government quite fearlessly. He carried out the freedom movement deseperately. He was a great freedom fighter. Start like this: What a great.... Ans. What a great personality Gandhiji was ! What tremendous will-power he had ! How infallibly he stuck to truth all his life ! How fearlessly he resisted the British government ! How desperately he carried out the freedom movement ! What a great freedom fighter he was ! (12) 1. The child was too hungry not to have food. There was no one in the house to help him out. The food was in the upper compartment of the fridge and the child was too short to reach the compartment. He found out a stool and took out a bowl. The food in the bowl was too little to satisfy his hunger. All his efforts fell too short to meet his requirement. Start like this: The child was so hungry that...... Ans. The child was so hungry that he would not do without food. There was no one in the house to help him out. The food was in the upper compartment of the fridge, and the child was so short that he would not reach the compartment.

They take them to the sorting office, where they empty the bags and separate the letters from the packets. 2. Kruvin is the most sincere student in the class. He works harder than any other student. Very few students can score as many marks as Kruvin. No other student has as deep understanding as Kruvin. Start like this: No other student.... Ans. No other student in the class is so sincere as Kruvin. No other student works so hard as he. Kruvin can score more marks than most other students. Kruvin has deeper understanding than any other student. (6) 1.I asked my friend what his father had said when he had dashed his car. He asked me if he could omit bad words from it. I allowed him to do so. Then he told me that father had said nothing else. Start like this: I said to my friend, "What.... Ans. I said to my friend, "What did your father say when you dashed his car?" He said to me, "Can I omit bad words from it?" I said, "Okay". He said to me, "My father said nothing else." 2. Look at that man and that woman. The woman is my daughter's mother-in-law. That man is her husband. My daughter has one son. Start like this: Look at that woman... Ans. Look at that woman and that man. The man is my son's father-in-law. That woman is his wife. My son has one daughter. (7) 1. I am a teacher. I love teaching. I have my own method of teaching. Students like to learn with me. I don't like to punish my students myself. Start like this: Mrs Dave is.... Ans. Mrs Dave is a teacher. She loves teaching . She has her own method of teaching. Students like to learn with her. She doesn't like to punish her students herself. 2. The king is sitting in his court. There flies in a dove. It is chased by an eagle. As the eagle prepares to pounce on the dove, the king takes off his cloak and provides shelter to the dove. Start like this: The king was.... Ans. The king was sitting in his court. There flew in a dove. It was chased by an eagle. As the eagle prepared to pounce on the dove, the king took off his cloak and provided shelter to the dove. (8) 1. I want to celebrate my coming birthday grandly. I have planned to invite all my present and past friends. I do not want to celebrate it at home. We shall book a club or a large hotel and celebrate it there. I will send invitations through e-mail. Start like this: I wanted... Ans. I wanted to celebrate my coming birthday grandly. I had planned to invite all my present and past friends. I did not want to celebrate it at home. We would book a club or a large hotel and celebrate it there. I would send invitations through e-mail. 2. Unless you have enough money, you cannot buy a good house. Unless you take a loan, you will not be able to collect the sum you want. Unless you have a job with handsome salary, bank will not allow you a large amount of loan. Another source is to borrow the money from a friend or relative. Borrow it to make up the total amount or forget buying a good house. Start like this: If you do not have.... Ans. If you do not have enough money, you cannot buy a good house. If you do not take a loan, you will not be able to collect the sum you want. If you do not have a job with handsome salary, bank will not allow you a large amount of loan. Another source is to borrow money from a friend or relative. If you borrow it to make up the total amount, you will not have to forget buying a good house. (9) 1. The coach taught me swimming techniques sincerely, but I could never manage it. I tried hard but could not pick it up. In spite of my good grasping ability, I failed to learn it. I wanted to swim but I had a strong fear of getting drowned. In spite of all encouragement from the coach, I could never learn swimming. Start like this: Though the coach.... Ans. Though the coach taught me swimming techniques sincerely, I could never manage it. Though I tried hard, I could not pick it up. Though I had a good grasping ability, I failed to learn it. Though I wanted to swim, I had a strong fear of getting drowned.

(1) 1. "What do you do with all your money?" a friend once asked him. Pointing at the studio, Walt said, "I fertilize that field with it." Start like this : What is.... Ans. "What is done with all your money by you?" Once he was asked by a friend. Pointing at the studio, it was said by Walt, "That field is fertilized with it by me." 2. Saloni makes nice toys. She prepared them for personal pleasure. She does not sell them. She gives them as gifts to her friends and relatives. Start like this: Saloni has..... Ans. Saloni has made nice toys. She has prepared them for personal pleasure. She has not sold them. She has given them as gifts to her friends and relatives. (2) 1. Another days I caught him taking Nani's cough syrup. He was measuring it by the capful, exactly the way Nani used to. I asked him, "What's that you are doing?" Start like this: Another day he was...... Ans. Another day he was caught taking Nani's cough syrup by me. It was being measured by the capful, exactly the way Nani used to. He was asked by me, "What's that being done by you?" 2. The tea is too hot to take it soon. What to do now? I am getting too late to reach my office. Are you not being too courteous to insist on my taking tea? Okay ! Let me take it. Oh ! it is too sweet for me to drink. Start like this: The tea is so hot..... Ans. The tea is so hot that I cannot take it soon. What to do now? I am getting so late that I will not be able to reach my office in time. Are you not being so courteous that you are insisting on my taking tea? Okay ! Let me take it. Oh ! it is so sweet that I would avoid drinking it. (3) 1. About the age of 9, Sojourner was auctioned off to an Englishman named John Nealy. The Nealys understood very little of her Dutch jargon and; as a result, she was often brutally punished for no reason. Eventually Nealy sold her to a fisherman who owned a tavern in Kingston, NY. Start like this: About the age of 9, Sojourner's parents auctioned her... Ans. About the age of 9, Sojourner's parents auctioned her off to an Englishman, named John Nealy. Her Dutch jargon was understood very little by the Nealys; as a result, they often punished her brutally for no reason. Eventually, she was sold to a fisherman who owned a tavern in Kingston, NY. 2. Some people joined the Heritage walk. It was organised by a local newspaper. It started from Swaminarayan Temple. It ended at Jama Masjid. Participants knew for the first time the harmony saga of the city. Start like this: Some people will join... Ans. Some people will join the Heritage walk. It will be organised by a local newspaper. It will start from Swaminarayan Temple. It will end at Jama Masjid. Participants will know for the first time the harmony saga of the city. (4) 1. The ants immediately organised the work in this way : while some were carrying up the bits of insects, the others cleared away any sand or small stone that obstructed the way. In such a way the ants carried the loads easily. Start like this: The work was immediately.... Ans. The work was immediately organised by the ants in this way: while the bits of insects were being carried up by some, any sand or small stone that obstructed the way were cleared away by the others. In such a way loads were carried by the ants easily. 2. The boy in the white dress is a sportsman. He hardly wears colourful dresses. He takes coaching from a very strict coach. His favourite player is Sachin Tendulkar. Start like this: The boy who ..... Ans. The boy who is in white dress is a sportsman. He hardly wears dresses which are colourful. The coach from whom he takes coaching is very strict. The player whom he favours is Sachin Tendulkar. (5) 1. Postcards and envelopes are collected in bags from various post offices through post office vans. They are then taken to the sorting office, where the bags are emptied and the letters are separated ftom the packets. Start like this: They collect postcards.... Ans. They collect postcards and envelopes in bags from various post offices through post office vans.

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Glossary : tranquility - calmness serenity - peacefulness cranial bones - skull bones cerebrospinal fluid - fluid of brain spinal column - spine, backbone, કરોડરજ્જુ Stress induced - caused by stress scalp - skin on top of the head 🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼 Stress Control Exercises

std. 12 Unit: 3 Read:2 Stress Control Exercises 🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼 Short meditation -1 ● Make yourself comfortable and close your eyes. ● Choose a word that symbolises 'calmness' to you : 'harmony', 'tranquility', 'serenity', 'peace', 'relax'. ● Meditate on your chosen word. Visualise scenes that tie in with the word or build up mental images that illustrate the word. You can also spend some time imagining what it would feel like if you experienced harmony or tranquility inside yourself. ● Open your eyes again. Short meditation-2 • Pick a material such as dress fabric, a stone, a piece of wood or anything else that appeals to you. • With your eyes closed, explore the texture of this material. • Spend at least two minutes doing this. Give your brain oxygen hit Half the problem with being stressed and unable to concentrate properly is that you don't breathe deeply enough to supply your brain with sufficient oxygen. When we get stressed, we tend to hold our breath or only breathe in a shallow way, using only the top part of our lungs. In order to deepen your breathing and get oxygen all the way up into the brain again, do the following exercises for two minutes : • Rub both your hands together for a moment to create energy. • Place your palms one on top of the other on the area just below your navel. • Breathe consciously into your belly, making your palms rise every in-breath. • Imagine breathing oxygen into your brain. The Crown Pull When we breathe, there is a microscopic movement of the cranial bones which in turn allows the cerebrospinal fluid to move freely through the spinal column and the skull. When tensed or upset and don't breathe deeply enough, this can result in bones in the skull becoming slightly stuck together so that the fluid cannot circulate properly. The Crown Pull influences the flow of cerebrospinal fluid in a positive way. It helps calm your nervous system and can also often take away a headache or stress - induced stomach ache, as well as helping you think clearly. • Place both of your hands with your fingers like combs on top of your head so that your little fingers are touching your hairline at the front. • Firmly press down on to your scalp and pull your fingers away from the midline, combing outwards with each hand. • Now place your hands in the same way higher up on the midline of the head and repeat the procedure. • Now place hands even further back on your head, towards the crown, and repeat the procedure. Mental quick fixes • Put on some music you like and dance through the room. This creative activity exercises the right side of the brain and helps rebalance your brain. • Get a fish tank and watch the fish swim around languidly. This allows your mind to calm down. • Write down all your worries. Putting them on a piece of paper gets them out of your head. • Get out into nature and walk. • Concentrate on what is right now rather than what might happen tomorrow. • Sing in the bath and use the shampoo bottle as a micro-phone. • Nobody is perfect and who wants to be nobody? Mistakes are OK. • Delete the phrase "I can't" from your vocabulary. It isn't constructive and blocks your view of possible solutions. • Write a few lines with your other hand. This rebalances the two hemispheres of the brain. • Expect to be lucky. 🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼 Stress Control Exercises