UPSC Environment Ecology Prelims National Parks

🔘Peregrine Falcon In News Project Raptor Watch (PRW) of the Madras Naturalist’s Society, who have been tracking peregrines, aims to document, study and monitor raptor species in Tamil Nadu. About ▪️Peregrine Falcon is one of the most widespread birds in the world. It is found on all continents except Antarctica and on many oceanic islands. ▪️They prefer open habitats, such as grasslands, tundra, and meadows. ▪️They are most common in tundra and coastal areas and rare in sub-tropical and tropical habitats. ▪️They nest on cliff faces and crevices. ▪️They are active during the day. When not breeding they are primarily solitary and establish and defend territories. ▪️They are high level predators, peregrine falcons play an important role in regulating populations of their prey, particularly pigeons and doves. ▪️Conservation status :IUCN Red ▪️List status: Least Concern.

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🔘Greater One Horned Rhino ▪️One Horned Rhino also known as Indian Rhino is a rhinoceros species native to the Indian subcontinent. ▪️The Habitat of this species is restricted to small habitats in Indo-Nepal terai and northern West Bengal and Assam. ▪️IUCN Red List: Vulnerable ▪️CITES: Appendix I ▪️Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Schedule I ▪️New Delhi Declaration on Asian Rhinos 2019: Under the declaration, India will collaborate with Bhutan, Nepal, Indonesia, and Malaysia for conservation and protection of three Asian rhino species- ▪️Greater one-horned rhinoceros, ▪️Javan rhinoceros( listed as Critically Endangered in the IUCN Red List) and ▪️Sumatran rhinoceros (listed as Critically Endangered in the IUCN Red List).

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India State of Forest Report 2021 Map showing forest cover in square kilometres per state and change in forest cover(check index on top right).

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🔘Kadar In News The recent death of a Kadar tribesman in Tamil Nadu’s Anamalai Tiger Reserve in an elephant attack has left the indigenous community and conservationists in shock as Kadars are known to co-exist with wild elephants for ages. About ▪️They are a small indigenous tribal community in South India. ▪️They reside along the hilly border between Cochin in Kerala and Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu. ▪️They are traditional forest dwellers who depend on forest produce for sustenance. They do not practice agriculture, building shelters thatched with leaves and shifting locations as their employment requires. ▪️They prefer to eat rice obtained in a trade or as wages rather than to subsist on food of their own gathering. ▪️They have long served as specialized collectors of honey, wax, sago, cardamom, ginger, and umbrella sticks for trade with merchants from the plains. ▪️They have a symbiotic relationship with nature, and they believe in the coexistence of Kadar and Kaadu (forest). ▪️The Kadar have traditional protocols to ensure the sustainable use of forest resources.