Drilling Manual

X-mass Tree The Christmas tree is used to control the flow of oil or gas from the well and to regulate the pressure of the reservoir. It is named after its shape, which resembles a Christmas tree when fully assembled. The Christmas tree is an essential component of the wellhead system, and it plays a vital role in the production of oil and gas. There are two types of Christmas trees used in the oil and gas industry: the surface Christmas tree and the subsea Christmas tree. The surface Christmas tree is installed on the wellhead above ground, while the subsea Christmas tree is installed on the seabed. The subsea Christmas tree is used in deepwater drilling, where the wellhead is located on the seafloor. The components of a Christmas tree include valves, chokes, gauges, and actuators, among others. The valves are used to control the flow of oil or gas from the well, while the chokes are used to regulate the pressure of the reservoir. The gauges are used to monitor…

Casing Scratchers Overview In Wells Cementing | #drilling_manual Casing scratchers are external devices used in well cementing to remove immobile mud from the wellbore and mud cake from the wellbore wall. These devices come in different types and are categorized by their aggressiveness. The basic spring-loaded bristle scratcher is more aggressive than the cable scratcher (also known as a wellbore wiper). Scratchers can be designed for casing reciprocation and rotation. Reciprocating scratchers, consisting of a collar with radial wires or cables, remove mud during pipe reciprocation. Rotating scratchers are straight strips of steel with longitudinal wires or cables that remove mud while rotating. It is important to centralize and manipulate the casing before and during cementing for the scratchers to be most effective. To prevent solids or mud cake accumulation, it is crucial to properly space the scratchers so that adjacent scratchers overlap their working…

Download Now | WFD Cementing Program #drilling_manual_books_library The cementing process ensures zonal isolation, which prevents the flow of fluids between different geological formations and protects the wellbore from corrosion. The cementing program includes designing the cement slurry, selecting the appropriate equipment, and executing the job as per the established procedures. The success of the cementing program is critical in ensuring the integrity of the well and maximizing the production of hydrocarbons. Download WFD Cementing Program Document - from our books library channel: https://ift.tt/ovksTK0 Telegram Free Books Channel: https://ift.tt/vDnJlW8 Youtube Channel: https://bit.ly/3pKS5dd

Cementing Pump Overview In Oil & Gas Field - DRILLING MANUAL | #drilling_manual In the oil and gas field, cementing pumps play a crucial role in various operations, including primary cementing, hydraulic fracturing, and stimulation. These pumps are reciprocating in nature, typically equipped with three plungers and spring-loaded suction and discharge valves. They can handle heavy and abrasive slurries, making them ideal for challenging drilling conditions. The plungers used in cementing pumps usually have a diameter ranging from 3 to 6 inches. The pumps are highly versatile, as their size can be altered by changing the fluid-end assembly or the plungers and packing system. They are driven by diesel engines on mobile units and electrically on offshore rigs. The maximum horsepower of cementing pumps varies between 200 and 500 hhp, and the maximum flow rate is typically 8 bbl/min. Pump pressure is determined by friction losses in the surface equipment and is usually…

Well logging is a technique used in the oil and gas industry to obtain information about geological formations, including the location, depth, thickness, and properties of rock formations, as well as the location and extent of hydrocarbon reservoirs. This is accomplished by lowering specialized instruments, called logging tools, into a borehole, or well, to measure various physical properties of the rocks and fluids in the formation. The measurements obtained through well logging can provide valuable information about the composition, porosity, permeability, and other properties of the subsurface, which can be used to guide drilling and production operations. Some common types of well logging include resistivity logging, which measures the electrical conductivity of the rock formations; gamma-ray logging, which measures the natural radiation emitted by the rocks; and sonic logging, which measures the speed of sound through the formation. There are also more…

Liner Hanger Checklist From Baker Hughes | #drilling_manual In the drilling industry, it is crucial to perform thorough checks to ensure that equipment is correct, undamaged, and all necessary tools are available at the well site. Baker Hughes provides a comprehensive checklist for liner hangers, which is the focus of this article. The checklist includes verifying the size, weight, grade, and thread of the drill pipe and liner, measuring the length of the liner, checking the hanger load capacity, shear pins, liner packer, setting tool, plug and ball sizes, and various other components. Physical checks and measurements are emphasized to ensure the success of the job. This checklist serves as a guide for drillers to ensure that all necessary steps are taken to prevent any potential issues during liner hanger operations. To access the full article and view the detailed Liner Hanger Checklist from Baker Hughes, visit https://ift.tt/j3JwkQh. The checklist provides…

Cementing Unit Components & Types In Oilfield - DRILLING MANUAL | #drilling_manual Cementing units are essential components in the oilfield drilling process. They are responsible for preparing and injecting cement slurries into wellbores to ensure proper wellbore integrity and zonal isolation. This article will discuss the various components and types of cementing units used in the oilfield. One of the key components of a cementing unit is the storage bulk tanks. These tanks are used to transport and store dry cement from the central storage and blending plant to the wellsite. They can be atmospheric or pressurized tanks, depending on the specific requirements and regulations of the location. The tanks are designed to ensure the safe transport of the cement and are equipped with systems for aeration and fluidization of the cement blend. Another important component is the cement mixer, which is responsible for creating the cement slurry. There are different…

Download Now | WFD Underbalanced Drilling #drilling_manual_books_library Underbalanced drilling (UBD) is a technique used in the oil and gas industry to drill wells with a lower pressure in the wellbore than the pressure of the surrounding rock formations. This technique helps to minimize damage to the formation and maximize the production potential of the well. The process involves drilling with a lighter fluid, such as air or nitrogen, instead of the heavier drilling mud used in conventional drilling. By reducing the pressure in the wellbore, UBD can help to prevent formation damage, which can occur when the drilling fluid invades the pores of the rock and causes a reduction in permeability. UBD has several advantages over conventional drilling. One of the main benefits is the ability to drill faster and more efficiently. Because the lighter fluid requires less power to circulate, drilling can be accomplished more quickly, reducing the amount of time and money…

Mud Logging Unit Equipment & Applications - DRILLING MANUAL | #drilling_manual In this article, we will explore the equipment and applications of a mud logging unit in the drilling process. The mud logging unit plays a crucial role in providing surface logging services at the well site. One of the key components of the mud logging unit is the Formation Evaluation Log, which is recorded simultaneously with the drilling of the hole. This log contains detailed data on the physical characteristics of the subsurface strata, including lithologic composition, drilling fluid characteristics, hydrocarbon gases, oil content, and more. The Formation Evaluation Log helps in identifying potentially productive zones, modifying drilling programs, and serving as a corroborative tool. The article also discusses various techniques and equipment used in a mud logging unit. It highlights the importance of depth and drill rate determination, which are available in real-time…

Stage Tool In Oil & Gas Well Cementing Full Guide - DRILLING MANUAL | #drilling_manual Stage cementing is an important technique in oil and gas well cementing. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanical stage cementing tool and its use in cementing operations. The tool consists of stage collars and port collars, which are placed within the casing string to provide an intermediate passage to the annulus. The collars are typically made of match-grade steel and are available in different weight ranges to optimize strength and internal dimensions. The mechanical stage tool can be operated using freefall plugs or pumpdown-closing plugs to select and shift the appropriate internal sleeve(s). The lower sleeve initially covers the ports, but once the first stage is complete, pressure is applied to seat the freefall opening plug and uncover the ports. The second stage is then pumped, and the ports are closed again by seating and applying pressure…